Iziyobisi zeAntiemetic

Umxholo

• Iindidi zeziyobisi ze-antiemetic
• I-Antiemetics yokugula okushukumayo
• I-Antiemetics yomkhuhlane wesisu
• I-antiemetics yekhemotherapy
• I-Antiemetics yotyando
• I-Antiemetics yokugula kwasekuseni
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamachiza e-antiemetic
• Unyango lwe-antiemetic yendalo
• Iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zikhuselekile ekukhulelweni
• Iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zikhuselekile ebantwaneni
• Isigulo esishukumayo
• Yesisu
• Ukuthatha

Zithini iziyobisi?

Amachiza antiemetic amiselwe ukunceda isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha okuyiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza. Oku kunokubandakanya amayeza e-anesthesia asetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando okanye i-chemotherapy yomhlaza. Amachiza e-antiemetic nawo asetyenziselwa isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha okubangelwa:

• ukugula kokuhamba
• ukugula kwasekuseni ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• iimeko ezinzima zomkhuhlane wesisu (gastroenteritis)
• ezinye izifo

La machiza asebenza ngokungenelela kwii-neurotransmitter receptors ezichaphazelekayo ekugabheni. I-Neurotransmitters ziiseli ezifumana imiqondiso yokuthumela impembelelo yovalo. Iindlela ezilawula ezi mpendulo zomzimba zinzima. Uhlobo lweziyobisi ze-antiemetic ezisetyenzisiweyo luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu.

Iindidi zeziyobisi ze-antiemetic

Ezinye iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zithathwa ngomlomo. Ezinye ziyafumaneka njengenaliti okanye njengesiqwenga esibekwe emzimbeni wakho ukuze ungaginyi nto. Uhlobo lwechiza le-antiemetic omele uluthathe luxhomekeke kwinto ebangela iimpawu zakho:

I-Antiemetics yokugula okushukumayo

Ii-antihistamines ezithintela isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha okubangelwe kukugula okunyakazayo ziyafumaneka kwikhawuntara (OTC). Basebenza ngokugcina indlebe yakho yangaphakathi ekubonakaleni kokunyakaza ngokupheleleyo kwaye kubandakanya:

• i-dimenhydrinate (iDramamine, iGravol)
• I-meclizine (iDramamine Ngaphantsi Yokozela, iBonine)

I-Antiemetics yomkhuhlane wesisu

Umkhuhlane wesisu, okanye igastroenteritis, ubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya. I-OTC iziyobisi i-bismuth-subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) isebenza ngokutyabeka isisu sakho. Unokuzama i-OTC glucose, i-fructose, okanye i-phosphoric acid (i-Emetrol).

I-antiemetics yekhemotherapy

Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza ziyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yonyango lwe-chemotherapy. Amachiza e-antiemetic asetyenziswa ngaphambi nasemva kwekhemotherapy ukunqanda iimpawu.

Olunye unyango lonyango lubandakanya:

• i-serotonin 5-HT3 i-receptor antagonists: dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), ondansetron (Zofran, Zuplenz), palonosetron (Aloxi)
• Abachasi be-dopamine: iprochlorperazine (Compazine), domperidone (Motilium, ayifumaneki e-US), olanzapine (Zyprexa)
• Abachasi be-NK1 abachasayo: Aprepitant (Emend), irollapitant (Varubi)
• corticosteroids: dexamethasone (iDexPak)
• iinnabinoids: intsangu (intsangu yezonyango), idronabinabinol (Marinol)

I-Antiemetics yotyando

Isicaphucaphu sasemva kokusebenza kunye nokugabha (i-PONV) kunokubangelwa yi-anesthesia esetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando. Amachiza amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-PONV abandakanya:

• i-serotonin 5-HT3 i-receptor antagonists: dolasetron, granisetron, kwi -detron
• Abachasi be-dopamine: Imetoclopramide (Reglan), i-droperidol (Inapsine), idomperidone
• corticosteroids: dexamethasone

I-Antiemetics yokugula kwasekuseni

Ukugula kwasekuseni kuqhelekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, amachiza e-antiemetic aqhelekanga ukumiselwa ngaphandle kokuba aqatha.

I-Hyperemesis gravidarum sisixhobo sokukhulelwa esibangela isicaphucaphu esomeleleyo kunye nokugabha. Ukuba unale meko, ugqirha wakho unokumisela:

• antihistamines, ezinjenge-dimenhydrinate
• ivithamini B-6 (pyridoxine)
• abachasi be-dopamine, njengeprochlorperazine, i-promethazine (iPentazine, iPhenergan)
• metoclopramide ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamachiza e-antiemetic

Iziphumo ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweziyobisi ozithathayo:

• I-bismuth-subsalicylate: ulwimi olunombala omnyama, isitulo esimnyama-ngwevu-mnyama
• antihistamines: Ukozela, umlomo owomileyo
• Abachasi be-dopamine: umlomo owomileyo, ukudinwa, ukuqhina, i-tinnitus, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukungazinzi
• I-neurokinin receptor agonists: ukuncipha komchamo, umlomo owomileyo, isilungulela
• i-serotonin 5-HT3 i-receptor antagonists: ukuqhina, umlomo owomileyo, nokudinwa
• corticosteroids: ukungaginyeki, amabala, ukwanda kwesidlo kunye nokunxanwa
• iinnabinoids: utshintsho umbono, isiyezi

Ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho:

• ukwanda kwesicefecefe okanye ukugabha
• ukuqhina okunzima
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukuxhuzula
• ukulahlekelwa kukuva
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
• ukozela kakhulu
• intetho engacacanga
• iimpawu zengqondo, ezifana nemibono okanye ukudideka

Unyango lwe-antiemetic yendalo

Eyona antiemetic yendalo eyaziwayo yiginger (IZingiber officinale). Ijinja inezinto ezichasene ne-5-HT3 ezaziwa ngokuba zii-gingerols. Ucwaningo lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba ijinja inokusebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Gweba ijinja entsha emanzini ashushu ukwenza iti, okanye uzame ijinja enencasa, iibhiskiti zejinja, okanye ijinja ale.

I-Aromatherapy ene-peppermint yeoyile eyimfuneko isenokuba yindlela yokoyisa isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha. Zama ukurabha isibini esisezantsi kwintamo yakho kunye nokuphefumla okunzulu.

I-Cannabis ikwabonakalisiwe ukuba yiyo. Ngoku iyafumaneka ngokusemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi, kodwa inokuthathwa njengesiyobisi esingekho mthethweni kwabanye.

Iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zikhuselekile ekukhulelweni

Iziyobisi ezihamba ngesifo njenge-meclizine kunye ne-dimenhydrinate zikhuselekile kubafazi abakhulelweyo. I-Vitamin B-6 kunye ne-dopamine antagonists zifunyenwe zikhuselekile, kodwa zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzima zokugula kwasekuseni.

I-cannabis okanye intsangu ayikhuselekanga ukuyisebenzisa xa ukhulelwe. Iyeza linxulunyaniswa nobunzima bokuzalwa obusezantsi kunye nomngcipheko owandayo weengxaki zokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha ebantwaneni. I-Pepto-Bismol nayo ayikhuthazwa.

Iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zikhuselekile ebantwaneni

Kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukudibana nogqirha ngaphambi kokunika amayeza abantwana.

Isigulo esishukumayo

I-Dimenhydrinate kunye ne-diphenhydramine (iBenadryl) inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga isicaphucaphu kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo yedosi.

Yesisu

Izifundo zamva nje zifumanise ukuba i-ondansetron inokukhuseleka kwaye isebenze kubantwana abanesifo esibi se-gastroenteritis.

I-Promethazine akufuneki isetyenziswe ziintsana okanye abantwana abancinci. Musa ukunika i-bismuth-subsalicylate kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-12 ubudala okanye ngaphantsi.

Ukuthatha

Zininzi iziyobisi ze-antiemetic zokunyanga isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, kodwa ichiza ekufuneka ulizamile lixhomekeke kwinto ebangela iimpawu zakho. Qiniseka ukuba ufunda iilebhile ngononophelo okanye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Kwiimeko ezinobulali zesicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha, zama unyango lwamayeza njengejinja.