Zithini iziyobisi ezibolayo?

Umxholo

• Indlela abasebenza ngayo
• Iindidi zeziyobisi ezichasayo
• IiAzoles
• Iipolyenes
• Allylamines
• Echinocandins
• Iintlobo ngeentlobo
• Usulelo lomngundo
• Iimpawu zosulelo lokungunda
• Iimpawu zosulelo olubi kakhulu lomngundo
• Nini ukubona ugqirha
• Umgca wezantsi

Ifungi inokufumaneka kwihlabathi liphela kuzo zonke iintlobo zobume. Uninzi lwefungi alubangeli izifo ebantwini. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zinokosulela abantu kwaye zibangele ukugula.

Amachiza nokubola amayeza ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lomngundo. Ngelixa uninzi lwezifo zokungunda zichaphazela indawo ezinje ngolusu kunye nezipikili, ezinye zinokukhokelela kwizimo ezinobuzaza ngakumbi nezisongela ubomi njenge-meningitis okanye i-pneumonia.

Zininzi iintlobo zamachiza okubola afumanekayo ukulwa nosulelo lomngundo.

Indlela abasebenza ngayo

Ngokubanzi, amayeza okubola angasebenza ngeendlela ezimbini: ngokubulala ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zokungunda okanye ngokuthintela iiseli zokungunda ukuba zikhule kwaye zikhule. Kodwa bakwenza njani oku?

Amachiza okubola ajolise kulwakhiwo okanye imisebenzi eyimfuneko kwiiseli zokungunda kodwa hayi kwiiseli zomntu, ukuze bakwazi ukulwa nosulelo lomngundo ngaphandle kokonakalisa iiseli zomzimba wakho.

Izakhiwo ezibini ezijolise ikakhulu kukungunda kweseli yfungal kunye nodonga lwefungal yeseli. Zombini ezi zakhiwo zijikeleze kwaye zikhusela iseli yomngundo. Xa enye isengozini, iseli yfungal inokuqhekeka ivuleke kwaye ife.

Iindidi zeziyobisi ezichasayo

Amachiza okubola ahluke kakhulu. Banokunikwa ngomlomo, njengonyango olusisigxina, okanye nge-IV. Unikwa njani iyeza lokubulala ukubola kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezinje ngamachiza athile, uhlobo losulelo onalo, kunye nobunzima bosulelo lwakho.

Amachiza okubola ahlelwa ngokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuba zisebenza njani. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuthetha ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza okubola kwaye sinike imizekelo yeentlobo zosulelo abazinyangayo.

IiAzoles

I-Azoles zezinye zezinto zokubulala iintsholongwane ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo. Ziyaphazamisa i-enzyme ebalulekileyo ekudaleni inwebu yeseli yefungi. Ngenxa yoku, inwebu yeseli ayizinzanga kwaye inokuvuza, ekugqibeleni ikhokelela ekufeni kweseli.

Kukho amaqela amancinci amabini e-azole antifungals: imidazoles kunye ne-triazoles.

Imizekelo ye-imidazole antifungals kunye neemeko abazinyangayo zezi:

• Ketoconazole: usulelo lolusu neenwele, UCandida usulelo lolusu kunye nemifinya, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• Clotrimazole: ulusu kunye nosulelo lwembrane
• Miconazole: ulusu kunye nosulelo lwembrane

Eminye yemizekelo yee-triazoles kunye neemeko abaziphathayo zezi:

• IFluconazole:UCandida usulelo, kubandakanya isifo se-mucosal, systemic, kunye nesifo sokungena; I-cryptococcosis
• Itraconazole: aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, mucosal UCandida usulelo, coccidioidomycosis (off-label), kunye onychomycosis
• Posaconazole: I-aspergillosis (off-label for treatment), i-mucosal kunye ne-invasive UCandida usulelo
• Voriconazole: aspergillosis, mucosal okanye intsholongwane UCandida usulelo, usulelo kunye IFusarium iintlobo
• Isavuconazole: aspergillosis kunye ne-mucormycosis

Iipolyenes

Iipolyenes zibulala iiseli zokungunda ngokwenza udonga lweselfungi lokungunda lube namandla ngakumbi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iseli yfungal ithambekele ekuqhushumeni.

Eminye imizekelo ye-polyene antifungals yile:

• Amphotericin B: Iifomula ezahlukeneyo ziyafumaneka ukunyanga i-aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (off-label), mucosal okanye invasive UCandida usulelo, kunye necoccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:UCandida usulelo lolusu nomlomo

Allylamines

Njengee-azole antifungals, ii-allylamines ziphazamisa i-enzyme ebandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwembumba yeseli yfungal. Umzekelo omnye we-allylamine yi-terbinafine, ehlala isetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lokungunda kolusu.

Echinocandins

I-Echinocandins luhlobo olutsha lweziyobisi ezichasayo. Zithintela i-enzyme ebandakanyekayo ekwenziweni kodonga lwefungal yeseli.

Eminye imizekelo yee-echinocandins yile:

• Anidulafungin: I-mucosal kunye ne-invasive UCandida usulelo
• ICaspofungin: I-mucosal kunye ne-invasive UCandida usulelo, aspergillosis
• Micafungin: I-mucosal kunye ne-invasive UCandida usulelo

Iintlobo ngeentlobo

Kukho nezinye iintlobo zamayeza okubulala ukungunda. Ezi zineendlela ezahlukileyo kwiintlobo esele sithethe ngazo ngasentla.

Iflucytosine yinto yokubulala ethintela iseli yokungunda ekwenzeni iicicic acid kunye neeproteni. Ngenxa yoku, iseli ayisakwazi ukukhula kwaye iphumelele. IFlucytosine inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezosulelayo UCandida okanye I-Cryptococcus iintlobo.

Griseofulvin isebenza ukukhusela iseli yfungal ekwahluleni ukuvelisa iiseli ezininzi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lolusu, iinwele, kunye neenzipho.

Usulelo lomngundo

Zininzi iintlobo zosulelo lokungunda. Unokufumana usulelo lokungunda ngokudibana nefungus okanye i-fungus spores ezikhoyo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo zokungunda zezi zolusu, iinzipho, kunye neembumba. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• 

  Iimpawu zosulelo lokungunda

  Iimpawu zezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo zosulelo lokungunda zingabandakanya:

  • Iintshulube zomzimba: i-scaly, enokubangela ukurhawuzelela iringi emise okomzimba wakho, iingalo, okanye imilenze
  • I-Ringworm yesikhumba sekhanda: i-scaly patches, i-pustules, okanye i-plaque kwi-scalp yakho enqabileyo kwaye iyakwazi ukuthamba kwaye ibangele ukulahleka kweenwele
  • Unyawo lweembaleki: isikhumba esinamaxolo emazantsi eenyawo zakho
  • Jock ukurhawuzelela: ukurhawuzelela okubomvu, okubomvu okubonakala kwindawo yakho ye-groin kunye nasemathangeni akho angaphakathi
  • Ukubethelwa ngundo: iinzipho eziba bumhlophe, zibe krakra kwaye zikhubazeke
  • Usulelo lwegwele lobufazi: ukurhawuzelela, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokudumba kwindawo yelungu lobufazi-ukukhutshwa okumhlophe okuxineneyo kunye nokutshiswa xa uchama kunokwenzeka.
  • I-thrush yomlomo: ukukhula kwezilonda ezimhlophe emlonyeni wakho ezinokubomvu kwaye zibuhlungu

  Iimpawu zosulelo olubi kakhulu lomngundo

  Iimpawu zezinye zezifo ezinzulu zokungunda ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni zeziphi iintlobo zomngundo ezibangela usulelo kunye nendawo yomzimba wakho echaphazelekayo.

  Banokubandakanya izinto ezinje:

  • ifiva
  • ukubila ebusuku
  • Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ezinjengentloko, ukudinwa, kunye neentlungu zomzimba
  • iimpawu zokuphefumla njengokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane
  • Iimpawu ze-meningitis, njengentloko ebukhali, intamo elukhuni, kunye nobuntununtunu bokukhanya

  Nini ukubona ugqirha

  Yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuba:

  • I-antifungals ye-over-the-counter (i-OTC) ayisebenzi ukuba inciphise iimpawu zosulelo olufana nombungu, isikhonkwane sezikhonkwane, okanye usulelo lwegwele lobufazi
  • izilonda ezimhlophe ezingachazwanga zikhula emlonyeni wakho
  • unomkhuhlane, iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, okanye ukugqithisa okugqithiseleyo kunye / okanye ukrokrela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane

  Kukho iimpawu ekufanele ukuba usoloko ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza

  Oku kubandakanya:

  • iintlungu zesifuba
  • ubunzima bokuphefumla
  • ukhohlela igazi
  • Iimpawu ze-meningitis, ezinjengeentloko ezibuhlungu, intamo elukhuni, kunye nobuntununtunu bokukhanya
  • ukuncipha komzimba okungachazwanga, umkhuhlane, okanye ukubanda

  Umgca wezantsi

  Amachiza okubola asetyenziswa ukunyanga usulelo lomngundo. Zijolise kwiinkqubo kunye nolwakhiwo olwahlukileyo kwifungi ukuze lubulale iiseli zokungunda okanye zibathintele ekukhuleni.

  Zininzi iintlobo zamachiza okubola, kwaye anokunikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo lweziyobisi olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nendlela elawulwa ngayo inokuxhomekeka kwichiza kunye nohlobo kunye nobukrakra bosulelo.

  Ngelixa iintlobo ezininzi zosulelo lomngundo ziphathwa ngokulula, ezinye zinokuba nzulu. Jonga ugqirha wakho ukuba usulelo lwefungal aluhambi kunye nonyango lwe-OTC okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo sokungunda esinzulu.