Ngaba iiNitrate kunye neeNitriti ekutyeni ziyingozi?

Umxholo

• Yintoni iiNitrate kunye neeNitrites?
• Apho zifumaneka khona ii - nitrate kunye nee - nitrites
• I-nitrate iluchaphazela njani uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nempilo yentliziyo
• Ngaba iitrate zinokubangela ukusebenza komzimba?
• Umngcipheko we-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites
• Indlela yokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-nitrosamine
• Umgca wezantsi

I-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites zizinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo emzimbeni womntu kunye nokutya okuthile, okufana nemifuno. Abavelisi bazongeza ekudleni okucutshungulwayo, njengebhekoni, ukuzigcina nokuzenza zihlale ixesha elide.

Kwezinye iindlela, ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites zinokuba yingozi. Nangona kunjalo, banokuba nazo izibonelelo zempilo.

Eli nqaku liphonononga ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites ekutyeni.

Yintoni iiNitrate kunye neeNitrites?

I-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zekhompawundi.

IiNitrate (NO3) zineatom enye ye-nitrogen kunye nee-athomu ezintathu zeoksijini. IiNitrites (NO2) zineatom enye ye-nitrogen kunye nee-athomu ezimbini zeoksijini.

IiNitrate azifakwanga, oko kuthetha ukuba zizinzile kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba zitshintshe kwaye zibangele ingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, iibacteria emlonyeni okanye ii-enzymes emzimbeni zinokuziguqula zibe zii-nitrites, kwaye ezi zinokuba yingozi.

Emva koko, i-nitrites inokujika ibe:

• i-nitric oxide, eluncedo emzimbeni
• i-nitrosamines, enokuba yingozi

Kukho ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku kungezantsi.

Abavelisi bongeza i-nitrites enyameni ukuyigcina. Zizizathu zokuba kutheni inyama ephilisiweyo ipinki okanye ibomvu. Kwinyama, ii-nitrites zijika zibe yi-nitric oxide. Oku kuyadibana neeproteni ezisenyameni, ukutshintsha umbala kunye nokunceda ukuyigcina. (1).

Ngaphandle kwe-nitrites kunye nezinye izongezo, inyama iya kujika ibemdaka ngokukhawuleza.

I-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites yimixube equka ii-athomu ze-nitrogen kunye neoksijini. Ama-nitrate anokujika abe zii-nitrites, ezinokuthi emva koko zenze i-nitric oxide (elungileyo) okanye i-nitrosamines (embi).

Apho zifumaneka khona ii - nitrate kunye nee - nitrites

Abavelisi bokutya bahlala bongeza ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites kwiinyama ezigqityiweyo, ezinje ngebhekoni, iham, iisoseji kunye nezinja ezishushu.

Ezi zinto zongezwa zanceda:

• thintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane eziyingozi
• yongeza incasa enetyiwa
• phucula ukubonakala kwenyama ngokuyinika umbala obomvu okanye opinki

Ukutya okuphezulu okuphekiweyo kunokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza kwindawo yokugaya. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites zezona sizathu sokwanda komngcipheko (2,).

Nangona kunjalo, ii-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites zenzeka ngokwendalo kwimifuno, ezinokuthi zinciphise umngcipheko kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo (, 5).

Ngapha koko, ngokwesifundo esinye, abantu bafumana i-80% ye-nitrate yabo yokutya kwimifuno ().

Umzimba uvelisa ii-nitrate kwaye uzifihle kumathe (7, 8).

IiNitrate kunye nee-nitrites zijikeleza zisuka kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ziye egazini, emva koko ziye ematheni, kwaye zibuyele kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ().

Banokuba luncedo ekugcineni umzimba wakho usempilweni, njengoko kubonakala ngathi usebenza njengee-antimicrobials kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Banokukunceda ukubulala iintsholongwane, ezinje Salmonella (, ).

Banokujika babe yi-nitric oxide (NO), into ebalulekileyo yokubonisa imolekyuli ().

AmaNitrate nawo ayenzeka ngokwendalo emanzini. Kweminye imimandla, ukusebenzisa isichumisi kungakhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-nitrate anokuba yingozi ebantwaneni. Ngesi sizathu, abasemagunyeni kwezempilo balawula amanqanaba e-nitrate emanzini okusela ().

IiNitrate zikhona ngesixa esincinci kwinyama egqityiweyo nakwizixa ezikhulu kukutya okusempilweni okufana nemifuno. Zikwenzeka emanzini okusela, kwaye umzimba womntu uvelisa ii-nitrate, nazo.

I-nitrate iluchaphazela njani uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nempilo yentliziyo

Ngaphantsi kwezinye iimeko, i-nitrite ilahlekelwa yi-athomu ye-oksijini. Emva koko, ijika ibe yi-nitric oxide, imolekyuli ebalulekileyo.

I-nitric oxide (NO) inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Inokuba yityhefu eninzi, kodwa inokunceda ukukhusela umzimba (14).

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, yimolekyuli ebonisa. Ihamba ngodonga lwemithambo kwaye ithumele imiqondiso kwiiseli ezincinci zemisipha ezijikeleze imithambo, ibaxelela ukuba baphumle ().

Xa ezi seli ziphumle, imithambo yegazi iyaxobuka, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla.

INitroglycerin sisiyobisi esineenitrate. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bayisebenzisa ukunyanga ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nezinye iimeko ().

I-Nitroglycerin inokuthintela okanye iguqule i-angina, uhlobo lwesifo esifubeni esenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo zingafumani oksijini yaneleyo ngenxa yokuhamba kwegazi okuphantsi.

I-nitrate yokutya kunye nee-nitrites zinokutshintsha zenze i-nitric oxide, yenze imithambo yegazi ibe yehle, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ().

Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwi-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites, njenge-beetroot okanye i-beetroot juice, kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kwisifundo esinye, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla lwaya kuthi ga kwi-4-10 mm / Hg kwithuba leeyure ezimbalwa (,,).

Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni wesifo sentliziyo kunye nokubetha, iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinokubasongela ubomi.

Emzimbeni, ii-nitrites zinokujika zibe yi-nitric oxide (NO), imolekyuli ebonisa imiqondiso ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi yande kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngaba iitrate zinokubangela ukusebenza komzimba?

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ii-nitrate zinokuphucula ukusebenza komzimba, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuzilolonga ngamandla.

Abanye abantu bahlala beetroot okanye ijusi ye-beetroot ukulungiselela le njongo, kuba ziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu e-nitrate.

Isizathu soku kuphucuka kokusebenza komzimba kunokuba ngenxa ye-nitrate ekonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-mitochondria. IMitochondria ngamalungu eeseli avelisa amandla ().

Izifundo ezimbalwa zibonise ukuba i-beetroot inokunciphisa iindleko zeoksijini zomthambo nge-5.4%, inyuse ixesha lokudinwa xa liqhutywa yi-15%, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-sprinting nge-4% (,,).

Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-nitrate yokutya kunye ne-nitrites inokuphucula ukusebenza komzimba, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuzilolonga ngamandla.

Umngcipheko we-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites

I-nitrate kunye nee-nitrites zizinto eziyimfuneko, kodwa zinokuba yingozi xa zisenza i-nitrosamines. IiNitrosamines zingenza ukuba upheka ii-nitrate okanye ii-nitrites kubushushu obukhulu. Izimvo eziyi-25.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-nitrosamines, kwaye ezininzi zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza. (26).

IiNitrosamines zezinye zezinto eziphambili ezibangela i-carcinogens kumsi wecuba, umzekelo.

I-bacon, izinja ezishushu, kunye nenyama egqityiweyo inokuba nenqanaba eliphezulu le-nitrite yesodium. Zikwaphezulu neeprotein, ezenziwe ziiamino acid. Ekuvezeni ubushushu obuphezulu, olu dibaniso lwenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-nitrosamines ukwenza ().

Ukupheka imifuno, nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba kuveliswe i-nitrosamines. Abantu kunqabile ukuba bapheke imifuno kubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ayiqulathanga maninzi amaprotheni.

Xa ii-nitrites kunye neeamino acid zikhona, iikhompawundi ze-carcinogenic ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nitrosamines zinokwenza ngexesha lokupheka ngobushushu obuphezulu.

Indlela yokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-nitrosamine

Abavelisi kufuneka banciphise inani le-nitrites abayisebenzisayo kwiinyama zomthetho, ngenxa yeengozi ezibangelwa yi-nitrosamines.

Kuya kufuneka bongeze ivithamin C, ethintela ukwakheka kwe-nitrosamine ().

Inyama eqeshiweyo oyityayo namhlanje iqulethe i-nitrite encinci kunakwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwe-nitrosamine ngokwenza ukhetho lobulumko xa uthenga iinyama ezicwangcisiweyo, ezinjengebhekoni.

Ezinye iivenkile zithengisa ubhekeni olusemgangathweni olungena-nitrate. Izithako kufuneka zibonise ukuba i-bacon ayinayo amanqanaba aphezulu ezongezo eziqulathe iitrate.

Kuya kufuneka ujonge iilebheli:

• I-sodium nitrate (E251)
• I-nitrite yesodium (E250)
• i-potassium nitrate (E252)
• i-potassium nitrite (E249)

Kufanelekile ukujonga izithako. Ezinye zeendlela zendalo kunye nezendalo zokugcina inyama, ezinje ngetyuwa yeseleri, zinokuba neitrate. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iibacon “ezingenayo i-nitrate” zinokuba nenitrate eninzi kunebhekoni eqhelekileyo (29).

Ukuze uqiniseke ngokufumana i-bacon esezantsi kwii-nitrate, ungazama oku kulandelayo:

• Thenga indawo apho kunokwenzeka okanye kwintengiso yamafama.
• Fumana umthengisi webhekoni kwiihagu ezikhuliswe emadlelweni.
• Qhotsa okanye upheke ubhekeni kubushushu obusezantsi ixesha elide kwaye uphephe ukuwutshisa.

Olunye uphononongo oludala lucebisa ukuba ukupheka i-bacon kwi-microwave yeyona ndlela yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-nitrosamine (30).

Nayi ividiyo enemiyalelo yendlela yokwenza oku.

IiNitrate luhlobo lwesigcinakaliso, kwaye ibhekoni esezantsi kwiitrate ayinakuhlala ixesha elide. Ungayigcina ixesha elide ngokuyiqanda.

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwe-nitrosamine ngokukhetha ngononophelo iimveliso zenyama eqhubekileyo ephantsi kwizongezo eziqukethe iitrate.

Umgca wezantsi

IiNitrate kunye nee-nitrites zizinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo emzimbeni womntu nakukutya okuthile. Ziyongezwa nakukutya okuthile okusetyenzisiweyo ukwandisa ubomi beshelfini.

Banokutshintsha babe yi-nitric oxide, bahlaziye imithambo yegazi, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi. Ngaphezu koko, banokuphucula ukusebenza komzimba.

Okwangoku, i-carcinogenic compound nitrosamines inokwenza ukuba upheka ii-nitrate okanye ii-nitrites kubushushu obuphezulu, obubeka umngcipheko empilweni.

Ngenxa yemigaqo engqongqo, zimbalwa ii-nitrites kukutya okusetyenzisiweyo namhlanje, njengoko abavelisi kufuneka banciphise isixa abasisebenzisayo.

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwe-nitrosamine ngokufunda ngocoselelo ileyibhile xa uthengela inyama eqeshiweyo ukufumana imveliso enezinto ezinomda okanye ezingenazongezo ziqukethe iitrate.