Ataxia: yintoni, unobangela, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iindidi ze-ataxia
• Izizathu eziphambili
• Iimpawu zeAtaxia
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Ataxia ligama elibhekisa kwiseti yeempawu ezibonakaliswa ikakhulu kukungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kokuhamba kwamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Le meko inokubangelwa zizinto ezininzi, ezinjengeengxaki ze-neurodeergenerative, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ebuchotsheni, usulelo, izinto ezifa lemfuza, ukopha ebuchotsheni, ukungalunganga kwaye kunokuvela ekusebenziseni gwenxa iziyobisi okanye utywala, umzekelo.

Ngokubanzi, umntu one-ataxia unobunzima ekwenzeni imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokuchola izinto kunye nokufaka amaqhosha eengubo, kwaye kunokuba nzima ukuginya, ukubhala kunye nokuthetha okungaginyisi mathe, nangona kunjalo, ubunzima beempawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ataxia kunye nezizathu ezinxulumene noko.

I-ataxia engapheliyo ayinyangi, kodwa inokulawulwa ukonyusa umgangatho wobomi bomntu. Ke ngoko, xa uveza iimpawu, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wemithambo-luvo ukuqalisa unyango olufanelekileyo, oluqukethe ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lomsebenzi.

Iindidi ze-ataxia

I-Ataxia inxulunyaniswa nokubonakala kweempawu ezininzi ezinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Iindidi ze-ataxia zezi:

• I-cerebellar ataxia: yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-cerebellum, enokubangelwa kukopha ebuchotsheni, ithumba, usulelo okanye iingozi;
• I-ataxia kaFriedReich: lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, njengelifa, elivela ikakhulu kwinqanaba lokufikisa kunye nokubangela ukukhubazeka ezinyaweni kunye nokugobeka emqolo;
• ​I-Spinocerebellar ataxia: ixesha elininzi, olu hlobo lubonakala ebudaleni kwaye lubangela ukuqina kwemisipha, ukulahleka kwememori, ukungasebenzi komchamo kunye nokuphulukana nombono;
• I-Telangiectasia ataxia: Ikwaluhlobo oluyifa, nangona kunjalo kunqabile, ukukwazi ukuqala ebuntwaneni kunye nokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu onolu hlobo lwe-ataxia unamajoni omzimba abuthathaka;
• ​I-ataxia ebuthathaka okanye enovakalelo: kubangelwa kukonzakala kwimithambo luvo ebangela ukuba umntu angaziva ukuba imilenze yakhe ihambelana phi nomzimba.

Kukho uhlobo lwe-ataxia ebizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic, ebonakalayo xa izizathu zingaziwa kwaye, ngokubanzi, zenzeka kubantu abadala.

Izizathu eziphambili

I-Ataxia inokwenzeka nakubani na ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile, nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ibonakala ngenxa yemfuza, oko kukuthi, iyazibonakalisa ngenxa yemfuza enesiphene, egqithiselwa isuka kubazali iye ebantwaneni, enokuba mbi isuka kwesinye isizukulwana iye kwesinye.

Kukho iintlobo ezithile ze-ataxia ezibangelwa ziimeko ezithile, ezinje ngokuhlinzwa kwengqondo, ithumba okanye ukwenzakala entloko, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye utywala, ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinetyhefu, usulelo olubi, ukubetha kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-neurodegenerative, ezinje nge-cerebral palsy okanye sclerosis ezininzi, esisifo esizenzekelayo apho iiseli zokhuselo zihlasela inkqubo yeemvakalelo. Qonda ukuba yintoni i-multiple sclerosis, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango.

Iimpawu zeAtaxia

Iimpawu ze-ataxia ziyahluka ngohlobo kunye nobukrakra besifo okanye ukwenzakala kwinkqubo ye-neva, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zinokubonakala:

• Ukungabikho kokulungelelaniswa kokuhamba komzimba;
• Ukuphulukana nokulingana, ukuwa rhoqo kunokwenzeka;
• Ubunzima bokuchola izinto kunye neqhosha lempahla;
• Iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga zamehlo;
• Kunzima ukugwinya;
• Kunzima ukubhala;
• Iinyikima ezigqithileyo;
• Intetho edilikayo okanye engacacanga.

Kwiimeko ze-ataxia enganyangekiyo, enganyangekiyo, iimpawu ezinje ngezifo eziphindaphindayo, iingxaki zomqolo kunye nesifo sentliziyo ngenxa yokonakala kwemithambo-luvo kunokubonakala. Ukongeza, i-ataxia kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo zinokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kuba kukho iimeko apho umntu azalwe kunye nolu tshintsho.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Xa usenza i-ataxia kunye neempawu ezinxulumene noko, kubalulekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha wezamayeza oya kuthi enze uhlalutyo lwembali yezempilo yomntu kunye nosapho luphela, ukujonga ukubanakho kwalo mntu enenguqu yemfuza kunye nelifa. Ugqirha unokucebisa ngokuvavanywa kwemithambo-luvo ukuchonga iingxaki ngokuhamba komzimba, umbono okanye intetho.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokucetyiswa, ezinje ngemifanekiso yokujonga ngemagneti kunye nekhompyuter yecomputer, ebonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kwaye kwezi mvavanyo ugqirha unokujonga ubukho bezilonda kunye nezidumbu zobuchopho. Ukongeza, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo unokucela ukuba umntu enze uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nokugqobhoza i-lumbar, ukuze aqokelele isampuli yolwelo olujikeleza kwinkqubo yeemithambo ukuba luhlolwe elebhu. Jonga ngakumbi ukuba yintoni ukugqobhoza empontshwa kwaye ziziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-ataxia luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobungqongqo besifo, kuboniswa sisazi semithambo-luvo esinokucebisa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza antispasmodic kunye nokuphumla, anje nge-baclofen kunye ne-tizanidine, okanye botox ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemisipha okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwengqondo okubangelwa yi-ataxia.

Unyango lwe-ataxia kukwabalulekile ukuba umntu enze umthambo we-physiotherapy ukunciphisa iintshukumo zomzimba ezingalungelelaniswanga kunye nokuthintela ukubuthathaka kwezihlunu okanye ukuqina kwemisipha, inani leeseshoni ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lesifo kwaye licetyiswa ngugqirha womzimba.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntu one-ataxia afumane unyango, njengoko lo msebenzi unokunceda kuphuhliso lokuzimela, ukunceda umntu ukuba aqhelane nelahleko yokuhamba kancinci, ngokufumana izakhono ezitsha zokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.