Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-Autism

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• I-ADHD xa ithelekiswa ne-autism
• Iimpawu ze-ADHD kunye ne-autism
• Xa zisenzeka kunye
• Ukuqonda ukudityaniswa
• Ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Xa umntwana ofunda esikolweni engakwazi ukugxila kwimisebenzi okanye esikolweni, abazali banokucinga ukuba umntwana wabo unengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (ADHD). Ngaba kunzima ukujolisa kumsebenzi wasekhaya? Ukubetha kunye nobunzima bokuhlala uzolile? Ukungakwazi ukwenza okanye ukugcina unxibelelwano ngamehlo?

Zonke ezi ziimpawu ze-ADHD.

Ezi mpawu ziyahambelana noko kuqondwa ngabantu abaninzi malunga nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo. Nokuba oogqirha abaninzi banokuthambekela kweso sifo. Nangona kunjalo, i-ADHD isenokungabi yiyo kuphela impendulo.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD, kufanelekile ukuqonda ukuba i-ADHD kunye ne-autism zinokudideka njani, kwaye ziqonde xa zidibana.

I-ADHD xa ithelekiswa ne-autism

I-ADHD sisifo esiqhelekileyo esenzeka rhoqo kubantwana. Phantse iipesenti ze-9.4 zabantwana base-US abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-17 ubudala baye bafumanisa ukuba bane-ADHD.

Zintathu iintlobo ze-ADHD:

• ubukhulu becala i-hyperactive-impulsive
• ikakhulu enganikeli ngqalelo
• indibaniselwano

Uhlobo oludibeneyo lwe-ADHD, apho ufumana khona ukungakhathaleli kunye neempawu zokungxamiseki, zezona zixhaphakileyo.

Umndilili weminyaka yokufumanisa isifo yiminyaka esi-7 ubudala kwaye amakhwenkwe kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba afunyaniswe ene-ADHD kunamantombazana, nangona oku kunokuba njalo kuba ibonisa ngokwahlukileyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo ye-Autism (ASD), enye imeko yobuntwana, ikwachaphazela inani elandayo labantwana.

I-ASD liqela leengxaki ezinzima. Ezi ngxaki zichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha, ukukhula, kunye nonxibelelwano. Bamalunga ne-1 kwabangama-68 abantwana baseU.S abafunyaniswe bene-ASD. Amakhwenkwe amaxesha amane anesiqingatha amathuba okuba afunyaniswe ene-autism kunamantombazana.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD kunye ne-autism

Kumanqanaba okuqala, ayiqhelekanga into yokuba i-ADHD kunye ne-ASD ziphazanyiswe yenye. Abantwana abanayo nayiphi na imeko banokufumana ingxaki ekunxibelelaneni nasekugxileni. Nangona zinezinto ezifanayo, zisekwimeko ezimbini ezahlukileyo.

Nalu ukuthelekiswa kwezi meko zimbini kunye neempawu zazo:

Xa zisenzeka kunye

Kungakho isizathu sokuba kube nzima ukwahlula phakathi kweempawu ze-ADHD kunye ne-ASD. Zombini zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye.

Ayinguye wonke umntwana onokuchongwa ngokucacileyo. Ugqirha unokuthatha isigqibo kuphela esinye seengxaki esijongene neempawu zomntwana wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko.

Ngokwamaziko okuLawula nokuThintela izifo (CDC), yabantwana abane-ADHD banayo i-ASD. Kwisifundo esinye ukusukela ngo-2013, abantwana abanezi meko zozibini babeneempawu ezibuthathaka ngakumbi kunabantwana ababengabonisi zimpawu ze-ASD.

Ngamanye amagama, abantwana abaneempawu ze-ADHD kunye ne-ASD kunokwenzeka ukuba babenobunzima bokufunda kunye nezakhono zentlalo ezingalunganga kunabantwana ababenemeko enye kuphela.

Ukuqonda ukudityaniswa

Kwiminyaka emininzi, oogqirha babethandabuza ukuxilonga umntwana one-ADHD kunye ne-ASD. Ngeso sizathu, zimbalwa kakhulu izifundo zonyango ezijonge ifuthe lokudityaniswa kweemeko kubantwana nakubantu abadala.

Umbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) uxele iminyaka ukuba ezi meko zimbini azinakufunyanwa kumntu omnye. Ngo-2013, i-APA. Ngokukhutshwa kweNgcaciso yoLwazi kunye neNcwadi yeNkcazo yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo, uHlelo lwesihlanu (DSM-5), i-APA ithi ezi meko zimbini zinokubakho.

Kuphononongo luka-2014 lwezifundo ezijonge ukwenzeka kwe-ADHD kunye ne-ASD, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba phakathi kweepesenti ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-50 zabantu abane-ASD baneempawu ze-ADHD. Abaphandi abayiqondi ngokupheleleyo unobangela wale meko, okanye kutheni zisenzeka kunye rhoqo.

Zombini iimeko zinokudibaniswa nemfuza. Olunye uphononongo luchonge uhlobo olunqabileyo olunokudityaniswa kwezi meko zombini. Oku kufumanisa kungachaza ukuba kutheni le miba ihlala isenzeka kumntu omnye.

Olunye uphando luyafuneka ukuqonda ngcono unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye ne-ASD.

Ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ukuba afumane unyango olufanelekileyo kukufumana ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ufune ingcali yokuziphatha kwengqondo yomntwana.

Uninzi loogqirha babantwana kunye neengcali ngokubanzi abanalo uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokuqonda ukudityaniswa kweempawu. Oogqirha babantwana kunye neengcali ngokubanzi banokuphoswa yenye imeko ephantsi eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza izicwangciso zonyango.

Ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD kunokunceda umntwana wakho aphathe iimpawu ze-ASD, naye. Indlela yokuziphatha umntwana wakho ayokuyifunda inokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ze-ASD. Yiyo loo nto ukufumana ukuxilongwa okufanelekileyo kunye nonyango olwaneleyo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Unyango ngokuziphatha lunyango olunokwenzeka lwe-ADHD, kwaye kucetyiswa njengoluhlu lokuqala lonyango lwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-6. Kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-6, unyango lokuziphatha luyacetyiswa ngamayeza.

Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD abandakanya:

• imethylphenidate (Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta, Methylin, Focalin, Daytrana)
• umxube we-amphetamine salts (Adderall)
• I-dextroamphetamine (iZenzedi, iDexedrine)
• lisdexamfetamine (IVavvanse)
• guanfacine (iTenex, Intuniv)
• clonidine (Catapres, Catapres TTS, Kapvay)

Unyango ngokuziphatha luhlala lusetyenziswa njengonyango lwe-ASD, kananjalo. Amayeza anokumiselwa ukunyanga iimpawu. Kubantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba bane-ASD kunye ne-ADHD, amayeza amiselweyo kwiimpawu ze-ADHD anokunceda ezinye iimpawu ze-ASD.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokufuna ukuzama unyango oluninzi ngaphambi kokufumana olulawula iimpawu, okanye kunokubakho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngaxeshanye.

Imbonakalo

I-ADHD ne-ASD ziimeko zobomi bonke ezinokulawulwa ngonyango olulungele umntu lowo. Yiba nomonde kwaye uvulele ukuzama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uye kunyango olutsha njengoko umntwana wakho esiba mdala kwaye iimpawu ziguquka.

Izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokuphanda unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi meko zimbini. Uphando lunokuveza ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nonobangela kwaye unyango oluninzi lunokufumaneka.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olutsha okanye uvavanyo lwezonyango. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-ADHD okanye i-ASD kuphela kwaye ucinga ukuba banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko, thetha nogqirha wakho. Xoxa ngazo zonke iimpawu zomntwana wakho nokuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba isifo kufuneka silungisiwe. Ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni unyango olusebenzayo.