Autism: yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unobangela weAutism
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Autism, eyaziwa ngokwenzululwazi njenge-Autism Spectrum Disorder, sisifo esichazwa ziingxaki zonxibelelwano, ezentlalontle kunye nokuziphatha, zihlala zichongwa phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ubudala.

Esi sifo sibangela umntwana ukuba aveze ezinye zeempawu ezithile, ezinje ngokuba nzima ekuthetheni nasekuvakaliseni izimvo kunye neemvakalelo, ukubola phakathi kwabanye kunye nokujongana kwamehlo okuncinci, ukongeza kwiipateni eziphindaphindayo kunye nokunyakaza okuthe ngcembe, njengokuhlala ixesha elide ushukumisa umzimba umva nangaphezulu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ze-autism zibandakanya:

• Ubunzima kunxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, njengonxibelelwano ngamehlo, ukubonakala kobuso, izijekulo, ubunzima ekwenzeni izihlobo, ubunzima bokuchaza iimvakalelo;
• Ukuphulukana kunxibelelwano, njengobunzima bokuqalisa okanye ukugcina incoko, ukusetyenziswa kokuphindaphindwa kolwimi;
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ezinje ngokungazi indlela yokudlala ukuzenzisa, iipateni eziphindaphindayo zokuziphatha, une "fads" ezininzi kwaye ubonakalisa umdla omkhulu kwinto ethile, enjengephiko lenqwelomoya, umzekelo.

Le miqondiso kunye neempawu zivela kubumnene, ezinokuthi zingabonakali, kodwa zinokumodareyitha ukuya kubukhali, eziphazamisa kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha komntwana kunye nonxibelelwano.

Nantsi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu eziphambili ze-autism.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwenziwa ngugqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wezifo zengqondo, ngokujonga umntwana kunye nokusebenza kovavanyo oluthile lokuqonda isifo, phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 ubudala.

Inokuqinisekiswa nge-autism, xa umntwana eneempawu zeendawo ezi-3 ezichaphazelekayo kule syndrome: ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo, ukutshintsha kokuziphatha kunye nokusilela kunxibelelwano. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba unike uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zokuba ugqirha afike kwisifo, kuba esi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye, ngenxa yesi sizathu, umntwana unokufunyaniswa ukuba une-autism ethambileyo, umzekelo. Jonga iimpawu ze-autism emnene.

Ke, i-autism ngamanye amaxesha inokuphantse ingabonakali kwaye inokudideka neentloni, ukungabikho kwengqwalaselo okanye ukungaziphathi kakuhle, njengakwimeko yesifo sika-Asperger kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-autism, umzekelo. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akukho lula, kwaye kwimeko yokusola kubalulekile ukuya kugqirha ukuze ahlole ukukhula nokuziphatha komntwana, akwazi ukubonisa into anayo kunye nendlela yokuyinyanga.

Unobangela weAutism

Nawuphi na umntwana angakhula i-autism, kwaye oonobangela bayo abasaziwa, nangona kusenziwa uphando ngakumbi nangakumbi lokufumanisa.

Olunye uphononongo sele lukwazile ukwalatha kwizinto ezinokubakho zofuzo, ezinokuba lilifa, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba imeko yokusingqongileyo, enjengokusulelwa ziintsholongwane ezithile, ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zokutya okanye ukunxibelelana nezinto ezinxilisayo, ezifana nelothe kunye nemekyuri, Umzekelo unokuba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lwesi sifo.

Ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezinokubangela zibandakanya:

• Ukukhubazeka kunye nokungaqheleki kwengqondo unobangela wemfuza kunye nelifa, njengoko kwaqatshelwa ukuba ezinye ii-autists zinengqondo ezinkulu kwaye zinzima kwaye unxibelelwano lwe-nerve phakathi kweeseli zabo lwalungasebenzi;
• Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo, ezinje ngemeko yosapho, iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka;
• Utshintsho lwebhayoloji kwinto ebonakalayo ngokugqitha kwe-serotonin egazini;
• Ukungaqhelekanga kweChromosomal Ubungqina bokunyamalala okanye ukuphindwa kwekromosome 16.

Ukongeza, kukho uphononongo olukhomba kwizitofu zokugonya okanye ekubuyiseleni i-folic acid eyongezelelweyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nangona kunjalo azikho izigqibo ezichanekileyo malunga nezi zinto zinokwenzeka, kwaye kusafuneka kwenziwe uphando ngakumbi ukucacisa lo mbandela.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-autism umntwana anayo kunye nenqanaba lokuphazamiseka, kodwa inokwenziwa:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza amiselwe ngugqirha;
• Iiseshoni zonyango zokuphucula intetho kunye nonxibelelwano;
• Unyango lokuziphatha ukuze uququzelele imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla;
• Unyango lweqela ukuphucula intlalontle yomntwana.

Nangona i-autism ingenalo unyango, unyango, xa lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, lunokuququzelela ukhathalelo lomntwana, lubenze lula ubomi kubazali. Kwiimeko ezinobulali, ukutya amayeza akusoloko kuyimfuneko kwaye umntwana angakhokelela kubomi kufutshane kakhulu kwesiqhelo, akwazi ukufunda nokusebenza ngaphandle kwemiqobo. Jonga ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nokukhetha unyango lwe-autism.