Umkhuhlane weentaka

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane weentaka?
• Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane wentaka?
• Zithini izinto ezinobungozi bomkhuhlane wentaka?
• Ufunyanwa njani umkhuhlane wentaka?
• Luthini unyango lomkhuhlane weentaka?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yomntu onomkhuhlane weentaka?
• Uthintelwa njani umkhuhlane wentaka?

Yintoni intaka yomkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane weentaka, okwabizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane weentaka, sisifo esosulelayo esingosuleli iintaka kuphela, kodwa nabantu nezinye izilwanyana. Uninzi lweentlobo zentsholongwane zithintela iintaka.

I-H5N1 lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane weentaka. Kuyabulala iintaka kwaye kunokuchaphazela ngokulula abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezidibana nomphathi. Ngokwe-H5N1 yaqala ukufunyanwa ebantwini ngo-1997 kwaye yabulala phantse bonke abo bosulelekileyo.

Okwangoku, intsholongwane ayaziwa ukuba isasazeka ngokudibana komntu nomntu. Okwangoku, ezinye iingcali zinexhala lokuba i-H5N1 inokuba ngumngcipheko wokuba sisisongelo ebantwini.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane weentaka?

Unokuba nosulelo lwe-H5N1 ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ezifana:

• ukukhohlela
• urhudo
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• umkhuhlane (ngaphezulu kwe-100.4 ° F okanye i-38 ° C)
• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukugula
• impumlo enemifinya
• umqala obuhkungu

Ukuba ufumene umkhuhlane weentaka, kufuneka wazise abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwi-ofisi kagqirha okanye esibhedlele. Ukubazisa ngaphambi kwexesha kuya kubavumela ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela abasebenzi kunye nezinye izigulana ngaphambi kokuba bakukhathalele.

Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane wentaka?

Nangona zikhona iintlobo ezininzi zomkhuhlane weentaka, i-H5N1 yayiyintsholongwane yokuqala yomkhuhlane wentsholongwane egazini ukusulela abantu. Usulelo lokuqala lwenzeka eHong Kong ngo-1997. Uqhambuko lwalunxulunyaniswa nokuphatha iinkukhu ezosulelekileyo.

I-H5N1 ivela ngokwendalo kwiintaka zasendle zamanzi, kodwa inokusasazeka ngokulula kwiinkukhu zasekhaya. Esi sifo sidluliselwa ebantwini ngokudibana nelindle elosulelekileyo, ukuphuma kwempumlo, okanye ukuphuma emlonyeni okanye emehlweni.

Ukutya iinkukhu eziphekiweyo okanye amaqanda asuka kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo akuhambisi umkhuhlane weentaka, kodwa amaqanda akufuneki anikwe i-runny. Inyama ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo ukuba iphekwe kubushushu obungaphakathi kwe-165ºF (73.9ºC).

Zithini izinto ezinobungozi bomkhuhlane wentaka?

I-H5N1 inamandla okuphila ixesha elide.Iintaka ezosuleleke nge-H5N1 ziyaqhubeka nokukhupha intsholongwane kwilindle kunye namathe kangangeentsuku ezili-10. Ukuchukumisa iindawo ezingcolileyo kunokusasaza isifo.

Unokuba nomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana i-H5N1 ukuba:

• umfama weenkukhu
• umhambi undwendwela iindawo ezichaphazelekayo
• ivezwe kwiintaka ezosulelekileyo
• umntu otya iinkukhu okanye amaqanda angaphekwanga kakuhle
• Umsebenzi wezempilo okhathalela abaguli abosulelekileyo
• ilungu lekhaya lomntu osulelekileyo

Ufunyanwa njani umkhuhlane wentaka?

Uluvumile uvavanyo olwenzelwe ukufumanisa umkhuhlane wentaka. Uvavanyo lubizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane A / H5 (umgca waseAsia) intsholongwane ye-RT-PCR yokuqala kunye nokuseta kweprobe. Inokubonelela ngeziphumo zokuqala kwiiyure ezine kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo alufumaneki ngokubanzi.

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukujonga ubukho bentsholongwane ebangela umkhuhlane wentaka:

• i-auscultation (uvavanyo olufumanisa izandi zomoya ongaqhelekanga)
• umahluko weeseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• inkcubeko ye-nasopharyngeal
• X-reyi yesifuba

Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo lunokwenziwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo yakho, izintso kunye nesibindi.

Luthini unyango lomkhuhlane weentaka?

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane wentaka zingadala iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, unyango lungahluka.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango ngamayeza antiviral afana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) okanye i-zanamivir (i-Relenza) inokukunceda ukunciphisa ukuqina kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza kufuneka athathwe kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala.

Intsholongwane ebangela uhlobo lomntu lomkhuhlane inokuhlakulela ukunganyangeki kwiindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zamayeza antiviral, i-amantadine kunye ne-rimantadine (Flumadine). La mayeza akufuneki asetyenziselwe ukunyanga esi sifo.

Usapho lwakho okanye abanye abasondelelene nawe banokumiselwa njengeyeza lokuthintela, nokuba abaguli. Uyakubekwa wedwa ukuthintela ukusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye.

Ugqirha wakho angakubeka kumatshini wokuphefumla ukuba usulelekile.

Yintoni imbonakalo yomntu onomkhuhlane weentaka?

Imbonakalo yosulelo lomkhuhlane weentaka ixhomekeke kubuzaza bosulelo kunye nohlobo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane oluyibangelayo. I-H5N1 inezinga eliphezulu lokusweleka, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zingenjalo.

Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• I-sepsis (impendulo enokubangela ukuvuvukala kwintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane)
• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• ukusilela kwamalungu
• uxinzelelo lokuphefumla

Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unempawu zomkhuhlane kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuphatha iintaka okanye ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinesifo somkhuhlane we-avian.

Uthintelwa njani umkhuhlane wentaka?

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane ukuze ungafumani uhlobo lomkhuhlane lomntu. Ukuba uphuhlisa umkhuhlane weentaka kunye nomkhuhlane womntu ngaxeshanye, oko kunokudala uhlobo olutsha olunokubulala umkhuhlane.

I-CDC ayikhuphi zindululo ngokuchasene nokuhambela amazwe achaphazelekayo yi-H5N1. Nangona kunjalo, unokunciphisa umngcipheko ngokuphepha:

• Iimarike ezivulekileyo
• ukudibana neentaka ezosulelekileyo
• Iinkukhu ezingaphekwanga

Qiniseka ukuba ucocekile kwaye uhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.

I-FDA ivume isitofu sokugonya esenzelwe ukukhusela ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane weentaka, kodwa isitofu sokugonya asifumaneki ngoku kuluntu. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba isitofu sokugonya sisetyenziswe xa i-H5N1 iqala ukusasazeka phakathi kwabantu.