Azotemia

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iindidi
• Ukuzikhethela
• Intrinsic
• Ngasemva
• Iimpawu
• Oonobangela
• Inyangwa njani?
• Iingxaki kunye nexesha lokubonana nogqirha
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Azotemia yimeko eyenzeka xa izintso zakho zonakaliswe sisifo okanye kukulimala. Uyifumana xa izintso zakho zingasakwazi ukulahla inkunkuma eyaneleyo ye-nitrogen.

I-Azotemia ihlala ichongwa ngokusebenzisa umchamo kunye novavanyo lwegazi. Ezi mvavanyo ziya kujonga igazi lakho urea nitrogen (BUN) kunye namanqanaba e-creatinine.

Iindidi

Zintathu iintlobo ze-azotemia:

• prerenal
• ngaphakathi
• ngasemva

Ukuzikhethela

I-prerenal azotemia yenzeka xa ulwelo lungahambi ngokwaneleyo ngezintso. Oku kuhamba kancinci kolwelo kudala amanqanaba aphezulu e-serum creatinine kunye ne-urea. Olu hlobo lwe-azotemia lolona luqhelekileyo kwaye lunokubuyiselwa umva.

Intrinsic

I-Intrinsic azotemia ihlala ivela kusulelo, isifo sepsis, okanye isifo. Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo se-azotemia yangaphakathi sisifo se-tubular necrosis.

Ngasemva

Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuchama kubangela i-postrenal azotemia. I-postrenal azotemia inokwenzeka kwakhona nge-prerenal azotemia.

Ezi ntlobo ze-azotemia zinokuba nonyango olwahlukileyo, izizathu, kunye neziphumo. Nangona kunjalo, nganye inokubangela ukonzakala kwezintso kunye nokusilela ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa okanye ukuba ayifumaniswanga kwangethuba.

Iimpawu

I-Azotemia kunye ne-uremia ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeemeko zezintso.

I-Azotemia kuxa kukho initrogen egazini lakho. I-Uremia yenzeka xa kukho i-urea egazini lakho. Nangona kunjalo, zombini zihambelana nesifo sezintso okanye ukulimala.

Amaxesha amaninzi, awuyi kuqaphela naziphi na iimpawu zento engalunganga ngezintso zakho, kubandakanya i-azotemia, kude kube lixesha lokugqibela. Eli nqanaba lokugqibela lihlala liqala xa ukusilela kwezintso kuqalile.

Iimpawu ze-azotemia zinokubandakanya:

• ukusilela okukhulu kwe-renal (ukuba i-azotemia iyaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili ngexesha leeyure okanye iintsuku)
• ukulimala kwezintso
• ukulahleka kwamandla
• andifuni kuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Isicaphucaphu nokugabha luphawu lokuba esi sifo siba mandundu.

Oonobangela

Isizathu esiphambili se-azotemia kukuphulukana nomsebenzi wezintso. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-azotemia, ezinokuvela okanye zibeyinxalenye yokusilela kwezintso, zinezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• xa ulwelo oluqukuqela kwizintso alonelanga ukususa i-nitrogen (prerenal azotemia)
• xa i-urinary tract ithintelwa yinto ethile okanye kukuqhekeka (i-postrenal azotemia)
• Usulelo okanye isifo (intrinsic azotemia)
• ukumelwa yintliziyo
• iingxaki zesifo seswekile
• amanye amayeza, ngakumbi iziyobisi ze-nephrotoxic kunye needosi eziphezulu ze-steroids
• ukwaluphala
• Imbali yobunzima bezintso
• ukubonakaliswa kobushushu
• ukutsha kakhulu
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ehlisa umthamo wegazi
• utyando oluthile
• ukwenzakala kwezintso

Unyango lomhlaza ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela i-azotemia. Amachiza e-Chemotherapy anamandla kwaye angazonakalisa izintso zakho. Kananjalo zinokubangela ukuba inani elikhulu leemveliso ze-nitrogen ezikhutshwe ziiseli zomhlaza ezifa.

I-oncologist yakho iya kubeka esweni izintso zakho kunye nenqanaba le-ammonia ngovavanyo rhoqo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukulungelelanisa okanye uzame amayeza ahlukeneyo e-chemotherapy ukuba izintso zakho zichaphazelekayo.

Inyangwa njani?

Unyango lwe-azotemia luxhomekeke kudidi, unobangela, kwaye leliphi inqanaba lenkqubela phambili ekulo. Unale nto engqondweni, ezinye zonyango zinokubandakanya:

• i-dialysis (yokuqhubela phambili kwexesha lokuhamba, kwaye inokuba yeyethutyana)
• ukuhanjiswa komntwana kwimeko yokukhulelwa
• unyango lwangoko lwe-postrenal azotemia
• Unyango lweemeko ezisisiseko okanye isifo
• ulwelo olufakwa ngaphakathi
• amayeza
• utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo

Iingxaki kunye nexesha lokubonana nogqirha

Abo banesifo sezintso okanye eminye imiba yezintso banokuphuhlisa i-prerenal azotemia. Ezinye iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• i-necrosis ebukhali (xa amalungu omzimba eqala ukufa)
• ukusilela kwezintso
• ukulahleka kokukhulelwa
• ukufa okunokwenzeka

I-prerenal azotemia xa ukhulelwe inokubangela ukonzakala kwezintso ngokukuko kwaye ibeke emngciphekweni impilo yosana kunye nonina.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unembali yesifo sezintso, kuya kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho. Uya kufuna ukuba umsebenzi wakho wezintso uvavanywe rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.

Ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu zesifo sezintso okanye ukonzakala, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911.

Kubalulekile ukuba ucwangcise ukuqeshwa rhoqo nogqirha wakho. Ngexesha lokuvavanywa, ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo wesiqhelo. Ezi mvavanyo ziya kubanceda bafumane nayiphi na imiba ngezintso zakho kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba naziphi na iimpawu zangaphandle zibonakale.

Imbonakalo

Ukuba zibanjwe kwangethuba, iindlela ezininzi ze-azotemia ziyanyangeka kwaye ziyalawuleka. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zempilo kunye nokukhulelwa kunokwenza ukuba unyango lube nzima.

Abantu abaninzi abane-azotemia bane-prognosis elungileyo.

Iingxaki, eminye imiba yezempilo, kunye nesifo sezintso okanye ukwenzakala okubanjwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela kunokwenza ukuba i-dialysis rhoqo iyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-azotemia eshiywe inganyangwa okanye ineengxaki inokubangela ukufa. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo.