Zithini iziphumo ezibi zeBeta-blocker?

Umxholo

• Zibekelwe ntoni i-beta-blocker?
• Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-beta-blockers?
• I-beta-blockers engakhethiyo
• I-beta-blockers ekhethiweyo
• I-beta-blockers yesizukulwana sesithathu
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Ngaba ii-beta-blocker ziyasebenzisana namanye amayeza?
• Ngaba ungasela utywala ngelixa uthatha i-beta-blockers?
• Ngubani ongafanele athathe i-beta-blockers?
• Luluphi ulwazi olubalulekileyo ekwabelaneni ngalo nogqirha wakho?
• Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-beta-blockers?
• Umgca wezantsi

I-Beta-blockers inceda ukunciphisa isantya kunye namandla okubetha kwentliziyo yakho ngelixa unciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Basebenza ngokuthintela i-hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) ekubeni ibophele kwii-beta receptors.

Njengoninzi lweziyobisi, i-beta-blockers inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngokwesiqhelo, oogqirha bayalela la mayeza kuba umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nemeko ethile ukodlula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-beta-blockers.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufumane okungakumbi malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kunye nokunxibelelana kweziyobisi kwe-beta-blockers, kunye nezilumkiso oza kuzithatha.

Zibekelwe ntoni i-beta-blocker?

I-Beta-blockers zihlala zimiselwe iimeko ezinxulumene nentliziyo, kubandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba (angina)
• ukusilela kwentliziyo
• uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga (arrhythmia)
• I-postural tachycardia syndrome (IIPOTI)
• Ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo (i-myocardial infarction) kubantu esele benesifo sentliziyo

Kukho ii-beta-receptors kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, hayi entliziyweni yakho kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, ii-beta-blockers ngamanye amaxesha zimiselwe ezinye iimeko, ezinje nge-migraine, ixhala kunye ne-glaucoma.

Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-beta-blockers?

Ayizizo zonke ii-beta-blocker ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Zininzi ezahlukeneyo ii-beta-blocker, kwaye nganye isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Oogqirha bajonga izinto ezininzi xa besenza isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi i-beta-blocker emiselweyo. Oku kubandakanya:

• imeko inyangwa
• umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga
• ezinye iimeko onazo
• amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili ze-beta-blocker, nganye ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha ezantsi. Bazi:

• zokhetho
• zentliziyo
• isizukulwana sesithathu

I-beta-blockers engakhethiyo

Ukuvunywa kwii-1960s, ii-beta-blockers zokuqala zazingakhethi. Ngamanye amagama, basebenze kuzo zonke ii-beta receptors emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya:

• I-beta-1 receptors (iiseli zentliziyo nezintso)
• i-beta-2 receptors (imiphunga, umthambo wegazi, isisu, isibeleko, izihlunu kunye neseli zesibindi)
• ii-beta-3 receptors (iiseli ezinamanqatha)

Kuba ezi beta-blocker zingahluli phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-beta receptors, zibeka umngcipheko ophakame kancinci weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kubantu abatshayayo okanye abaneemeko zemiphunga ezifana nesifuba okanye isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD).

Ezinye eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha i-beta-blockers zibandakanya:

• uNadolol (Corgard)
• I-oxprenolol (iTrasicor)
• ipindolol (Visken)
• ipropranolol (Inderal, InnoPran XL)
• I-sotalol (iBetapace)

I-beta-blockers ekhethiweyo

Ii-beta-blockers zamva nje ziyilelwe ukujolisa kuphela kwii-beta-1 receptors kwiiseli zentliziyo. Azichaphazeli ezinye ii-beta-2 receptors kwaye ke zikhuselekile kubantu abaneemeko zemiphunga.

Ezinye ze-beta-blockers eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zibandakanya:

• i-acebutolol (iCandelo)
• i-atenolol (Tenormin)
• ibisoprolol (iZebeta)
• iMetoprolol (iLopressor, iTrolrol XL)

I-beta-blockers yesizukulwana sesithathu

I-beta-blockers yesizukulwane sesithathu ineziphumo ezongezelelekileyo ezikunceda ukuqhubekeka nokukhulula imithambo yegazi kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Abanye abaqhelekileyo be-beta-blockers yesithathu baquka:

• icarvedilol (iCoreg)
• ilabhoratri (eNormodyne)
• I-nebivolol (Bystolic)

Uphando ngokusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana sesithathu se-beta-blockers luyaqhubeka. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba la machiza anokuba lukhetho olukhuselekileyo kubantu abane-metabolic syndrome.

Umzekelo, ngo-2017 uphononongo lwezifundo, i-nebivolol inokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokonyango kubantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi kunye neswekile (glucose) kunye ne-fat metabolism.

Iimpuku zaqukumbela ukuba i-carvedilol inyusa ukunyamezelana kweswekile kunye nobuntununtunu kwi-insulin. Zombini ezi zinto ziphambili kwisifo seswekile. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuqonda ukuba i-carvedilol ineziphumo ezifanayo ebantwini.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

I-Beta-blockers ziyasebenza, zikhuselekile, kwaye ziyafikeleleka. Ngenxa yoko, bahlala bengumqolo wokuqala kunyango lweemeko zentliziyo.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-beta-blockers zi:

• Ukudinwa kunye nesiyezi. I-Beta-blockers iyacothisa ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lwegazi (hypotension).
• Ukuhamba kakubi. Intliziyo yakho ibetha kancinci xa uthatha i-beta-blocker. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kwigazi ukufikelela kwimida yakho. Unokufumana ukubanda okanye ukubetha ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Iimpawu zesisu. Oku kubandakanya isisu esibuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye norhudo okanye ukuqhina. Ukuthatha i-beta-blocker ngokutya kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zesisu.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. Abanye abantu baxela ukungasebenzi kakuhle xa bethatha i-beta-blockers. Esi sisiphumo secala esiqhelekileyo ngamayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukutyeba kwakho. Esi sisiphumo secala labadala, abangakhethiyo bebeta-blocker. Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba kutheni isenzeka, kodwa inokuba inxulumene nendlela i-beta-blockers echaphazela ngayo imetabolism yakho.

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Kunzima ukuphefumla. I-Beta-blockers inokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yemiphunga eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuphefumla. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abaneemeko zemiphunga.
• Iswekile yegazi ephezulu (hyperglycemia). I-Beta-blockers inokubangela iswekile ephezulu yegazi kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Uxinzelelo, ukulala, kunye namaphupha amabi. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala, abakhethe i-beta-blockers.

Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa uthatha i-beta-blockers:

• Iimpawu zengxaki yentliziyo: ukuphefumla kancinci, ukhohlokhohlo olwenza umthambo, iintlungu esifubeni, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, imilenze edumbileyo okanye amaqatha.
• Iimpawu zengxaki yemiphunga: ukuphefumla kancinci, isifuba esiqinileyo, ukuvutha
• Iimpawu zengxaki yesibindi: isikhumba esimthubi (i-jaundice) kunye namhlophe mhlophe ngamehlo

Ngaba ii-beta-blocker ziyasebenzisana namanye amayeza?

Ewe, ii-beta-blocker zinokunxibelelana namanye amayeza. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• amayeza okwaliwa
• iintlungu
• amayeza anti-isilonda
• iziyobisi
• iziyobisi ezinciphisa i-cholesterol (ii-statins)
• amayeza okudambisa kunye namanye amayeza abandayo
• i-insulin kunye namanye amayeza eswekile
• amayeza esifuba kunye neCOPD
• iyeza lesifo sika-Parkinson (levodopa)
• izihlunu eziphumlayo
• iziyobisi ezichasayo (ii-NSAID), kubandakanya ibuprofen
• amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• ezinye i-antibiotics, kuquka i-rifampicin (iRifampin)

Kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo.

Ngaba ungasela utywala ngelixa uthatha i-beta-blockers?

Kungcono ukunqanda ukusela utywala ukuba uthatha i-beta-blockers.

Zombini i-beta-blocker kunye notywala bunokwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukudibanisa ezi zimbini kunokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luye ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokukushiya uzive ubuthathaka, udizzy, okanye unentloko elula. Usenokude uphelelwe ngamandla ukuba uyakhawuleza ume ngeenyawo.

Ewe, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kumthamo wakho omiselweyo we-beta-blockers kunye nokuba usela kangakanani. Ngelixa kungekho indibaniselwano ikhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukusela isiselo esinxilisayo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi kancinci. Kodwa kungcono ujonge ugqirha wakho kuqala.

Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ukuba ukuphepha utywala kunzima kuwe. Amanye amayeza anokufumaneka.

Ngubani ongafanele athathe i-beta-blockers?

I-Beta-blockers ayinguye wonke umntu. Banokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kubantu abanezi meko zilandelayo:

• isifuba, COPD, kunye nezinye izifo zemiphunga
• isifo seswekile
• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (hypotension) okanye izinga lentliziyo elincinci (bradycardia)
• metabolic acidosis
• iimeko zokuhamba kwegazi ezinzulu, ezinje ngemeko kaRaynaud
• ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo
• isifo semithambo esiqatha

Ukuba unayo enye yeemeko zonyango ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, ugqirha wakho uya kuqaphela ezinye iindlela ngaphambi kokumisela i-beta-blocker.

Luluphi ulwazi olubalulekileyo ekwabelaneni ngalo nogqirha wakho?

Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nempilo yakho kunye naziphi na iimeko zonyango kunokukunceda uphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye ukuncancisa.
• Ukuthintela ukuhlangana kwamachiza, nikeza ugqirha wakho uluhlu lwawo onke amayeza kunye nezibonelelo ozithathayo.
• Nyaniseka ngotywala bakho, icuba, kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Ezi zinto zinokusebenzisana ne-beta-blockers.

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-beta-blockers?

Kuyingozi ukuyeka ukuthatha i-beta-blocker ngequbuliso, nokuba ujongene neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Xa uthatha i-beta-blocker, umzimba wakho uqhela isantya sentliziyo yakho. Ukuba uyeka ukuzithatha ngequbuliso, unokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nengxaki yentliziyo enkulu, njengokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo.

Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nge-beta-blockers ezihlala ngaphezulu kosuku okanye ezimbini. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olunye uhlobo lwamayeza, kodwa usaya kufuneka ucofe kancinci idosi yakho ye-beta-blocker.

Umgca wezantsi

I-Beta-blockers zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko zentliziyo. Njengawo onke amayeza, bathwala umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokuhlangana.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-beta-blocker, kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nayo nayiphi na imeko yezempilo onayo, nawaphi na amayeza kunye nezibonelelo ozithathayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala, icuba, kunye nazo naziphi na iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa.

Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na imiphumo emibi, qiniseka ukuba ulandele ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukhusele ngokukhuselekileyo i-beta-blockers kwaye uphakamise amayeza ahlukileyo.