Iziphene zokuzalwa

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Zithini iziphene zokuzalwa?
• Yintoni ebangela iziphene zokuzalwa?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokufumana umntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa?
• Zichongwa njani iziphene zokuzalwa?
• Luthini unyango lweziphene zokuzalwa?
• Ngaba iziphene zokuzalwa zinokuthintelwa?

Isishwankathelo

Zithini iziphene zokuzalwa?

Isiphene sokuzalwa yingxaki eyenzekayo ngelixa umntwana ekhula emzimbeni kanina. Uninzi lweziphene zokuzalwa zenzeka ngexesha leenyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Inye kwabantwana abangama-33 eUnited States bazalwa benesiphene sokuzalwa.

Isiphene sokuzalwa sinokuchaphazela indlela umzimba okhangeleka ngayo, osebenza ngayo, okanye zombini. Ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa ezinje ngomlomo ocacileyo okanye iziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural ziingxaki zesakhiwo ekunokuba lula ukuzibona. Abanye, njengesifo sentliziyo, bafunyanwa besebenzisa iimvavanyo ezizodwa.Iziphene zokuzalwa zinokubakho ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima. Indlela isiphako sokuzalwa esibuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bomntwana kuxhomekeke ikakhulu ekubeni leliphi ilungu okanye ilungu lomzimba elibandakanyekayo kunye nokuba nesiphene kangakanani.

Yintoni ebangela iziphene zokuzalwa?

Ngeziphene ezithile zokuzalwa, abaphandi bayasazi isizathu. Kodwa kwiziphene ezininzi zokuzalwa, oyena nobangela awaziwa. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba uninzi lweziphene zokuzalwa zibangelwa ngumxube oxubeneyo, onokuthi ubandakanye

• Imfuza. Uhlobo olunye okanye nangaphezulu zinokuba notshintsho okanye utshintsho olubathintelayo ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, oku kuyenzeka kwi-Fragile X syndrome. Ngeziphene ezithile, isakhi sofuzo okanye inxenye yemfuza isenokungabikho.
• Iingxaki zeChromosomal. Kwezinye iimeko, i-chromosome okanye inxalenye ye-chromosome inokulahleka. Yiyo eyenzekayo kwi-Turner syndrome. Ngamanye amaxesha, njenge-Down syndrome, umntwana une-chromosome eyongezelelweyo.
• Ukuboniswa kwamayeza, iikhemikhali, okanye ezinye izinto ezinobuthi. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kokubonakala kotywala kwimveku.
• Usulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Umzekelo, ukosuleleka yintsholongwane yeZika ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokubangela isiphene esibi kwingqondo.
• Ukungabikho kwezondlo ezithile. Ukungafumani ngokwaneleyo i-folic acid ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa yeyona nto iphambili ebangela iziphene kwi-neural tube.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokufumana umntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa?

Izinto ezithile zinokunyusa amathuba okuba umntwana abe nesiphene sokuzalwa, njenge

• Ukutshaya, ukusela utywala, okanye ukuthatha iziyobisi "ezitalatweni" ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ukuba neemeko ezithile zonyango, njengokutyeba kakhulu okanye isifo seswekile esingalawulwayo, ngaphambi naphakathi kokukhulelwa
• Ukuthatha amayeza athile
• Ukuba nomntu kusapho lwakho onesiphene sokuzalwa. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngomngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa, ungathetha nomcebisi ngemfuzo,
• Ukuba ngumama osele ekhulile, ngaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-34

Zichongwa njani iziphene zokuzalwa?

Ababoneleli ngononophelo lwempilo banokuchonga iziphene ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwaphambi kokubeleka. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufumana ukhathalelo lwaphambi kokubeleka.

Ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa azinakufunyanwa de kube emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ababoneleli banokuzifumana ngokuhlola abantwana. Ezinye iziphene, ezinjengeenyawo zeklabhu, zibonakala kwangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli wokhathalelo lwempilo unokungafumani siphene kude kube kamva ebomini, xa umntwana eneempawu.

Luthini unyango lweziphene zokuzalwa?

Abantwana abaneziphene zokuzalwa bahlala befuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo kunye nonyango. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa ziziphene zokuzalwa ziyahluka, unyango luyahluka. Unyango olunokubakho lunokubandakanya utyando, amayeza, izixhobo zokunceda, unyango lomzimba kunye nonyango lokuthetha.

Rhoqo, abantwana abaneziphene zokuzalwa badinga iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo kwaye banokufuna ukubona iingcali ezininzi. Umboneleli wezempilo ophambili angaququzelela ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo olufunwa ngumntwana.

Ngaba iziphene zokuzalwa zinokuthintelwa?

Ayizizo zonke iziphene zokuzalwa ezinokuthintelwa. Kodwa kukho izinto onokuzenza ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa ukwandisa amathuba okuba ube nosana olusempilweni:

• Qalisa ukukhathalela ngaphambi kokubeleka kwangoko xa ucinga ukuba unokukhulelwa, kwaye ubone umboneleli wakho wezempilo rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Fumana ii-micrograms ezingama-400 (mcg) ze-folic acid yonke imihla. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuya kufuneka uqale uyithathe ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
• Musa ukusela utywala, ukutshaya, okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi "ezitalatweni"
• Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo okanye ucinga ngokuthatha. Oku kubandakanya amayeza amayeza kunye nalawo e-counter, kunye nokutya okanye izongezo zemifuno.
• Funda ngendlela yokuthintela usulelo xa ukhulelwe
• Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yonyango, zama ukubafumana phantsi kolawulo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe

Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo