Izifo zegazi: Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe neziBomvu, iiPlatelets kunye nePlasma

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kweseli yegazi?
• Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu
• Ukunqongophala kwegazi
• Thalassemia
• IPolycythemia vera
• Ukuphazamiseka kweseli emhlophe
• KwiLymphoma
• Ileukemia
• Isifo seMyelodysplastic (MDS)
• Iingxaki zePlatelet
• Isifo seVon Willebrand
• IHemophilia
• I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari
• Ukufumana ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet
• Ukuphazamiseka kweseli yePlasma
• Iseli yePlasma myeloma
• Zichongwa njani iingxaki zeseli yegazi?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lweengxaki zeeseli zegazi?
• Amayeza
• Ugqirha
• Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Ziziphi iingxaki zeseli yegazi?

Ukuphazamiseka kweseli yegazi yimeko apho kukho ingxaki kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiseli ezincinci ezijikelezayo ezibizwa ngokuba ziiplatelets, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwehlwili. Zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zeeseli zenziwe kumongo wethambo, izihlunu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihambisa ioksijini kumalungu omzimba wakho nakwizicubu zomzimba. Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo. Iiplatelets zinceda igazi lakho ukuba lijiye. Ukuphazamiseka kweseli yegazi kuphazamisa ukwenziwa kunye nokusebenza kolunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi ntlobo zeeseli zegazi.

Zithini iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kweseli yegazi?

Iimpawu ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo segazi. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi zezi:

• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ingxaki yokugxila ekusweleni kwegazi elinomoya ngaphakathi kwengqondo
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi zezi:

• izifo ezingapheliyo
• ukudinwa
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• isifo, okanye uvakalelo ngokubanzi lokungaphili

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kweplatelet zezi:

• ukusikeka okanye izilonda ezingapholiyo okanye ezicothayo ukunyanga
• igazi elingagugi emva kokwenzakala okanye ukusikwa
• ulusu olugruzuka ngokulula
• Iimpumlo ezingachazwanga okanye ukopha kwiintsini

Zininzi iintlobo zeengxaki zeeseli zegazi ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yakho iphela.

Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu

Ukuphazamiseka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuchaphazela iiseli ezibomvu zomzimba. Ezi ziiseli ezisegazini lakho ezithwala ioksijini ukusuka kwimiphunga yakho ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kukho iintlobo zezi ngxaki, ezinokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala.

Ukunqongophala kwegazi

I-anemia lolunye uhlobo lwesifo segazi elibomvu. Ukunqongophala kwentsimbi yezimbiwa egazini lakho kubangela esi sifo. Umzimba wakho udinga isinyithi ukuvelisa iprotein hemoglobin, enceda iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi (RBCs) zithwale ioksijini ukusuka kwimiphunga yakho ziye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Zininzi iintlobo zeanemia.

• I-anemia yentswelo: Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia kwenzeka xa umzimba wakho ungenayo i-iron eyaneleyo. Unokuziva udiniwe kwaye uphefumla kancinci ngenxa yokuba ii-RBCs zakho aziphethanga oksijini yaneleyo kwimiphunga yakho. Ukongezwa kwentsimbi kuhlala kunyanga olu hlobo lwe-anemia.
• I-anemia enobungozi: I-anemia enobungozi yimeko yokuzimela komzimba apho umzimba wakho ungakwaziyo ukufumana ubungakanani bevithamini B-12. Oku kubangela inani eliphantsi lee-RBCs. Ibizwa ngokuba "iyingozi," into ethetha ukuba iyingozi, kuba yayiqhele ukunganyangeki kwaye ihlala ibulala. Ngoku, inaliti ye-B-12 ihlala inyanga olu hlobo lwe-anemia.
• I-aplastic anemia: I-aplastic anemia yimeko enqabileyo kodwa enzulu apho umongo wethambo lakho uyeka ukwenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi. Inokwenzeka ngesiquphe okanye ngokuthe chu, nangaliphi na ixesha. Ingakushiya uziva udiniwe kwaye ungakwazi ukulwa nosulelo okanye ukopha okungalawulekiyo.
• I-anemia ye-hemolytic autoimmune (AHA): I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) ibangela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba atshabalalise iiseli zakho ezibomvu ngokukhawuleza kunokuba umzimba wakho ungazitshintsha. Oku kubangela ukuba ube nee-RBCs ezimbalwa kakhulu.
• Isifo seanemia: I-Sickle cell anemia (i-SCA) luhlobo lwe-anemia olutsala igama layo kwisimo esingaqhelekanga serhengi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemfuza, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi labantu abane-sickle cell anemia ziqulathe iimolekyuli zehemoglobin ezingaqhelekanga, ezibashiya bomelele kwaye begobile. Iiseli ezibomvu ezimile okwe rhengqa azinakho ukuthwala ioksijini eninzi ukuya kwizicwili zakho njengoko iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinako njalo. Banokuthi banamathele kwimithambo yakho yegazi, bathintele ukuhamba kwegazi kumalungu akho.

Thalassemia

I-Thalassemia liqela lokuphazamiseka kwegazi elizuzwe njengelifa. Ezi ngxaki zibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza okuthintela imveliso yesiqhelo yehemoglobin. Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zingenayo ihemoglobin eyaneleyo, ioksijini ayifikeleli kuwo onke amalungu omzimba. Izixhobo ke azisebenzi kakuhle. Ezi ngxaki zinokubangela:

• ukukhubazeka kwamathambo
• ipeni eyandisiweyo
• iingxaki zentliziyo
• ukukhula kunye nokulibaziseka kophuhliso ebantwaneni

IPolycythemia vera

I-Polycythemia ngumhlaza wegazi obangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza. Ukuba une-polycythemia, umongo wakho wethambo wenza iiseli ezibomvu ezininzi kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lakho lityebe kwaye lihambe kancinci, kukubeka emngciphekweni wamahlwili egazi anokubangela isifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha. Akukho lunyango lwaziwayo. Unyango lubandakanya i-phlebotomy, okanye ukususa igazi kwimithambo yakho, kunye nonyango.

Ukuphazamiseka kweseli emhlophe

Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-leukocyte) zinceda ukukhusela umzimba kusulelo nakwizinto zangaphandle. Ukuphazamiseka kweseli emhlophe kunokuchaphazela ukuphendula komzimba wakho kunye namandla akho okulwa usulelo. Ezi ngxaki zinokuchaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana.

KwiLymphoma

I-Lymphoma ngumhlaza wegazi owenzeka kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic yomzimba. Iiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi ziyatshintsha kwaye zikhule zingalawuleki. I-Hodgkin's lymphoma kunye ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma zezi zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze-lymphoma.

Ileukemia

Ileukemia ngumhlaza wegazi apho iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezinobungozi zanda ngaphakathi komongo wethambo lomzimba wakho. Ileukemia inokuba nokuba buhlungu okanye inganyangeki. I-leukemia engapheliyo iqhubela phambili kancinci.

Isifo seMyelodysplastic (MDS)

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) yimeko echaphazela iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kumongo wethambo lakho. Umzimba uvelisa iiseli ezininzi ezingakhulanga, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-blast. Ukuqhuma kuyaziphindaphinda kwaye kuzixinanise iiseli esele zikhulile kwaye zisempilweni. Isifo seMyelodysplastic sinokuqhubela phambili kancinci okanye ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela kwi-leukemia.

Iingxaki zePlatelet

Iiplatelets zegazi ngabaphenduli bokuqala xa usikekile okanye wenzakele. Baqokelela kwindawo yokwenzakala, benza iplagi yethutyana yokumisa ukopha. Ukuba unesifo seplatelet, igazi lakho linesinye sezinto ezintathu ezingaqhelekanga:

• Azonelanga iiplatelets. Ukuba neeplatelet ezimbalwa kakhulu kuyingozi kuba nokuba ukwenzakala okuncinci kunokubangela ukulahleka kwegazi.
• Zininzi iiplatelets. Ukuba uneeplatelets ezininzi egazini lakho, amahlwili egazi angenza kwaye avimbe umthambo omkhulu, obangela ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Iiplatelets ezingagqumi ngokuchanekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iiplatelets ezikhubazekileyo azinakho ukunamathela kwezinye iiseli zegazi okanye kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi yakho, kwaye ke ayinakukwazi ukunxiba ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwilahleko eyingozi yegazi.

Ukuphazamiseka kweplatelet ikakhulu yimfuza, oko kuthetha ukuba bazuze ilifa. Ezinye zezi ngxaki zibandakanya:

Isifo seVon Willebrand

Isifo seVon Willebrand sesona sifo siqhelekileyo sokuphuma kwegazi. Kubangelwa kukunqongophala kweprotein enceda igazi lakho, ekuthiwa yi-von Willebrand factor (VWF).

IHemophilia

IHemophilia mhlawumbi sesona sifo saziwayo sokunqanda igazi. Kwenzeka phantse rhoqo emadodeni. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ye-hemophilia kukopha kakhulu nokuhlala ixesha elide. Oku kuphuma kunokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle komzimba wakho. Ukopha kungaqala ngaphandle kwesizathu. Unyango lubandakanya i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-desmopressin yohlobo olungephi lwe-A, olunokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezininzi ezinciphisayo zokujiya, kunye nokufakwa kwegazi okanye iplasma kwiindidi B no-C.

I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari

I-thrombocythemia yaseprayimari sisifo esinqabileyo esinokubangela ukonyuka kwegazi. Oku kukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokubetha okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka xa umongo wakho wethambo uvelisa iiplatelets ezininzi.

Ukufumana ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet

Amachiza athile kunye neemeko zonyango zinokuchaphazela nokusebenza kweeplatelets. Qiniseka ukuba uququzelela onke amayeza kunye nogqirha wakho, nangaphezulu kwee-counter ozikhethayo.Umbutho weCanada Hemophilia Association (CHA) ulumkisa ukuba la machiza aqhelekileyo anokuchaphazela iiplatelets, ngakumbi ukuba zithathwa ixesha elide.

• Iasprini
• i-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
• amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane
• iziyobisi zentliziyo
• abacoci gazi
• iziyobisi
• iintlungu
• antihistamines

Ukuphazamiseka kweseli yePlasma

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka ezichaphazela iiseli zeplasma, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wakho ezenza izilwa-buhlungu. Ezi seli zibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba wakho ukukhusela usulelo kunye nezifo.

Iseli yePlasma myeloma

I-Plasma cell myeloma ngumhlaza wegazi onqabileyo okhula kwiiseli ze-plasma kumongo wethambo. Iiseli zeplasma ezinobungozi ziyaqokelelwa kumongo wethambo kwaye zenze amathumba abiziweyo plasmacytomas, ngokubanzi emathanjeni afana nomqolo, inyonga, okanye iimbambo. Iiseli ze-plasma ezingaqhelekanga zivelisa ii-antibodies ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba ziiproteni ze-monoclonal (M). Ezi proteni zakha umongo wethambo, zigqibezela iiproteni ezisempilweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwegazi kunye nezintso. Unobangela weplasma cell myeloma aziwa.

Zichongwa njani iingxaki zeseli yegazi?

Ugqirha wakho unoku-odola kuvavanyo oluninzi, kubandakanya inani elipheleleyo legazi (CBC) ukubona ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zeseli zegazi onazo. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela kwakhona umongo wethambo ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezikhulayo kumongo wakho. Oku kuyakuquka ukususa isixa esincinci somongo wethambo kuvavanyo.

Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lweengxaki zeeseli zegazi?

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango sixhomekeke kwisizathu sokugula kwakho, ubudala bakho, kunye nemeko yakho yempilo iyonke. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango ukunceda ukulungisa ingxaki yeseli yegazi.

Amayeza

Olunye ukhetho lwe-pharmacotherapy lubandakanya amayeza anjengeNplate (romiplostim) ukukhuthaza umongo wethambo ukuba uvelise iiplatelets ngaphezulu kwisifo seplatelet. Ukuphazamiseka kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunceda ekulweni nosulelo. Izongezo zokutya ezifana ne-iron kunye ne-vitamin B-9 okanye i-B-12 inokunyanga i-anemia ngenxa yokusilela. I-Vitamin B-9 ibizwa ngokuba yifolothi, kwaye ivithamini B-12 yaziwa ngokuba yi-cobalamin.

Ugqirha

Ukutshintshwa komongo wethambo kunokulungisa okanye ukutshintsha umongo owonakeleyo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhambisa iiseli ezitshisayo, zihlala zivela kumnikeli, ziye emzimbeni wakho ukunceda umongo wethambo lakho uqale ukuvelisa iiseli eziqhelekileyo zegazi. Utofelo-gazi yenye indlela yokukunceda ukubuyisela iiseli zegazi ezilahlekileyo okanye ezonakeleyo. Ngexesha lotofelo lwegazi, ufumana ukumiliselwa kwegazi elisempilweni kumnikeli.

Zombini ezi nkqubo zifuna iikhrayitheriya ezithile ukuze ziphumelele. Abanikeli bomongo wethambo kufuneka bahambelane okanye basondele kangangoko kwiprofayili yakho yemfuza. Utofelo-gazi lufuna umnikeli nodidi lwegazi oluhambelanayo.

Ithini imbono yexesha elide?

Ukwahluka kweengxaki zeseli yegazi kuthetha ukuba amava akho okuhlala kunye nenye yezi meko inokwahluka kakhulu komnye umntu. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba uphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuzeleyo onesifo segazi.

Iziphumo ezahlukileyo zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka emntwini. Phanda ukhetho lwakho, kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ukuze akufumane unyango olulungileyo.

Ukufumana iqela lenkxaso okanye umcebisi wokukunceda ujongane noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo malunga nokuba nesifo seeseli segazi nako kuyanceda.