Ngaba udidi lwegazi luyakuchaphazela ukuhambelana komtshato?

Umxholo

• Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi?
• Ukuhambelana kwegazi kukuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?
• Rh factor kunye nokukhulelwa
• Uphathwa njani ukungangqinelani kweRh?
• Utofelo-gazi phakathi kwamaqabane
• Ziqhele kangakanani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi?
• Ngaba uhlobo lwegazi luchaphazela ukuhambelana kobuntu?
• Ukuthatha

Uhlobo lwegazi alunampembelelo kumandla akho okuba kunye nokugcina umtshato owonwabileyo, ophilileyo. Kukho ezinye iinkxalabo malunga nokuhambelana kohlobo lwegazi ukuba ucwangcisa ukuba nabantwana bebhayiloji kunye neqabane lakho, kodwa kukho iindlela ngexesha lokukhulelwa ezinokukunceda ekulweni le micimbi.

Ngumbono olungileyo ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lomlingane wakho kwimeko kaxakeka, nangona kunjalo. Kwaye, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwegazi lakho neqabane lakho, usenokude ukwazi ukunikela ngegazi kubo kwimeko engxamisekileyo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngohlobo lwegazi, kunye nendlela olunokuwuchaphazela ngayo umtshato wakho.

Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi?

Wonke umntu unohlobo lwegazi. Kukho amaqela amakhulu egazi:

• A
• B
• O
• AB

La maqela ahluka ikakhulu kubukho okanye ukungabikho kweeantigen ezinokukhuthaza ukuphendula komzimba.

Ukongeza kula maqela mane, iprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yiRh enokubakho (+) okanye engekhoyo (-) kwiqela ngalinye. Oku kuchaza amaqela egazi kwiindidi ezisibhozo eziqhelekileyo:

• A +
• A-
• B +
• B-
• O +
• O-
• AB +
• AB-

Uhlobo lwegazi lakho yinto oyifumana njengelifa, ke limiselwa kwangaphambili ekuzalweni. Awunakho ukutshintsha uhlobo lwegazi lakho kamva ebomini.

Ukuhambelana kwegazi kukuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa?

Ukuhambelana kwiqela legazi yinkxalabo kuphela kwizibini ukuba ukukhulelwa kuyabandakanyeka apho omabini amaqabane angabazali bokwenyama. Kungenxa yento yeRH.

I-Rh factor yiprotein ezuzwe njengelifa, ke ukuba yi-Rh negative (-) okanye i-Rh elungileyo (+) kumiselwa ngabazali bakho. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yiRh positive.

Ukuba ne-Rh efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga akuchaphazeli impilo yakho, kodwa inokuchaphazela ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Rh factor kunye nokukhulelwa

I-Rh factor inokuba yinkxalabo ukuba umama webhayoloji nguRh- kwaye umntwana enguRh +. Iiseli zegazi ezisuka kusana lwe-Rh + olunqumla kumjelo wegazi lukanina we-Rh zinokubangela ukuphendula komzimba. Umzimba kamama unokwenza amajoni omzimba ahlasele iiseli ezibomvu zegazi i-Rh +.

Kutyelelo lwakho lokuqala lokukhulelwa, ugqirha wakho uya kuphakamisa uhlobo lwegazi kunye ne-Rh factor screening. Ukuba uyiRh-, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya igazi lakho kwakhona emva kwexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho ukuze abone ukuba ngaba uwenzile na amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene neRh factor. Oko kuya kubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho uyi-Rh +.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho uchonga ukungahambelani kweRh, ukukhulelwa kwakho kuya kujongwa ngokusondeleyo kuyo nayiphi na imiba enxulumene noko kwaye unokufuna ukhathalelo olongezelelekileyo.

Nangona igazi lakho kunye negazi lomntwana wakho lingaxubeki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ubuncinci begazi lomntwana wakho kunye negazi lakho linokudibana ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Ukuba kukho ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kwaye oku kuyenzeka, umzimba wakho unokuvelisa ii-antibodies zeRh ngokuchasene neRh factor.

Ezi antibodies azizukubangela iingxaki kwi-Rh + baby ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala. Kodwa banokubangela imiba ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye uphethe omnye umntwana oyi-Rh +.

Ukuba bekukho ukungahambelani kwe-Rh ekukhulelweni kokuqala, kwaye kukho ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kwisibini nakwezinye iimitha ezizayo, ezi zintsholongwane zoomama zinokonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu zosana. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umntwana wakho unokufuna ukufakelwa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi nokuba ukhulelwe okanye kwangoko emva kokubeleka.

Uphathwa njani ukungangqinelani kweRh?

Ukuba ukungahambelani kwe-Rh kufunyenwe, ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma i-Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) kwinyanga yakho yesixhenxe yokukhulelwa, kwaye emva kweeyure ezingama-72 emva kokubeleka ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana wakho luqinisekisiwe njenge-Rh oluqinisekileyo xa luziswa.

I-immune globulin ye-Rh iqulethe i-Rh IgG antibody, ngoko umzimba wakho awusabeli kwiiseli zomntwana wakho ze-Rh ngokungathi zizinto zasemzini, kwaye umzimba wakho awuyi kuvelisa ii-antibodies zawo ze-Rh.

Utofelo-gazi phakathi kwamaqabane

Iindidi zegazi ezihambelanayo zinokuba luncedo ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho nifuna utofelo-gazi. Abantu abangenazo iintlobo zegazi ezihambelanayo abanakunikela ngegazi omnye komnye. Ukutofelwa uhlobo olungalunganga lwemveliso yegazi kunokubangela impendulo enokubulala.

Ukubanakho ukubonelela ngegazi elifunekayo kwiqabane lakho elinengxaki yezonyango kunokuba kungabi sisaphulelo kwisivumelwano kwizibini ezininzi, kodwa kunokuba yinto entle kwimeko yongxamiseko.

Ngokomnqamlezo obomvu waseMelika:

• Ukuba une-AB + yegazi, ungumamkeli kwindalo iphela kwaye unokufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kubo bonke abanikeli.
• Ukuba unodidi lwe-O-igazi, ungumnikeli jikelele kwaye unokunikela ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuye nakubani na.
• Ukuba unohlobo lwegazi A, unokufumana uhlobo A okanye udibanise iiseli zegazi ezibomvu O.
• Ukuba unegazi B lohlobo B, unokufumana uhlobo B okanye udidi O lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

I-Rh + okanye iRh yegazi inokunikwa abo bayi-Rh +, kodwa ukuba uyi-Rh-, unokufumana kuphela iRh-gazi.

Ke, ukuba ufuna ukubanendawo yokunikezela ngegazi kwiqabane lakho, qiniseka ukuba wena kunye neqabane lakho elizayo nineentlobo zegazi ezifanayo.

Ziqhele kangakanani iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi?

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwegazi lakho, kunokuba lula okanye kube nzima ngakumbi ukufumana iqabane elinokuba nohlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo. Ngokwe-Stanford School of Medicine, e-United States:

• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi O + bamele malunga ne-37.4% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi O- bamele malunga ne-6.6% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi A + bamele malunga ne-35.7% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi A- bamele malunga ne-6.3% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi B + bamele malunga ne-8.5% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi B- bamele malunga ne-1.5% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi u-AB + bamele malunga ne-3.4% yabantu abadala.
• Abantu abanoluhlobo lwegazi i-AB- bamele malunga ne-0.6% yabantu abadala.

Ngaba uhlobo lwegazi luchaphazela ukuhambelana kobuntu?

EJapan, kukho uhlobo lobuntu begazi ithiyori eyaziwa ngokuba ketsueki-gata. Ithiyori ithi iintlobo zegazi luphawu olubalulekileyo lobuntu bomntu. Yaziswa nge-1920s ngugqirha wezengqondo uTokeji Furukawa.

I-Ketsueki-gata iphakamisa ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lwegazi luneempawu ezithile zobuntu:

• Uhlobo lwe-A: luhlelwe kakuhle
• Uhlobo B: ukuzingca
• Uhlobo O: ithemba
• Uhlobo lwe-AB: lukhuni

Ngokusekwe kwezi mpawu, ithiyori icacisa ukuba olu hlobo lwegazi ludibana kakhulu kunokubangela umtshato owonwabileyo:

• O Indoda × Umfazi
• Indoda × Umfazi
• O Indoda × B Ibhinqa
• O Indoda × O Umfazi

I-Ketsueki-gata inika ingxelo kuphela yobudlelwane phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Ayiphenduli ngokuchongwa kwesini esiwela ngaphandle kwebhinari yamadoda nabasetyhini, enje ngobungqingili besini, i-bigender, kunye nezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo.

Ukongeza, ngokophando luka-2015, akukho zivumelwano zesayensi zalo naluphi na ubudlelwane phakathi kweempawu zobuntu okanye ukuhambelana komtshato kunye namaqela egazi.

Ukuthatha

Ukungqinelana kweqela legazi emtshatweni kuthintelwe ukungahambelani kwento ye-Rh ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwaye oko kuthintelwe ekukhulelweni apho omabini amaqabane ngabazali bendalo.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho zokungahambelani kwe-Rh zichongwa ngokulula kwaye zibekwe esweni, kwaye lukhona unyango lweziphumo ezilungileyo. Ukuhambelana kwento ye-Rh akufuneki kuchaphazele ukukwazi kwakho ukonwaba, umtshato ophilileyo, okanye ukuba nabantwana abasempilweni neqabane lakho.

Kukho abantu, njengabalandeli beJapan ketsueki-gata, abadibanisa iintlobo zegazi kunye neempawu ezithile zobuntu. Kodwa le mibutho ayixhaswanga luphando lwezonyango olwamkelweyo.

Kukwakho nezibini ezixabisa ukuhambelana kweqela legazi ngokubanakho ukongezwa kwegazi kumaqabane abo.