Yintoni umhlaza womongo wethambo?

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iindidi zomhlaza womongo womongo
• Uninzi lwe-myeloma
• Ileukemia
• KwiLymphoma
• Iimpawu zomhlaza womongo wethambo
• Oonobangela bomhlaza womongo wethambo
• Ukuchonga umhlaza womongo wethambo
• Unyango lomhlaza womongo wethambo
• Imbonakalo yomhlaza womongo wethambo
• Umbono ngokubanzi we-myeloma ezininzi
• Umbono oqhelekileyo we-leukemia
• Umbono ngokubanzi we-lymphoma
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Umongo yinto efana nesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Kubekwe nzulu ngaphakathi komongo kukho iiseli ezinamanzi, ezinokuthi zikhule zibe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

Umhlaza womongo wethambo wenzeka xa iiseli zomongo ziqala ukukhula ngokungaqhelekanga okanye kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo. Umhlaza oqala kumongo wethambo ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza womongo okanye umhlaza wegazi, hayi umhlaza wethambo.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokusasazeka emathanjeni akho nakumongo wethambo, kodwa ayingomhlaza womongo wethambo.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza womongo wethambo, ukuba ufunyaniswa njani, kunye nento onokuyilindela.

Iindidi zomhlaza womongo womongo

Uninzi lwe-myeloma

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womongo wethambo uninzi lwe-myeloma. Iqala kwiiseli ze-plasma. Ezi ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezenza izilwa-buhlungu ukukhusela umzimba wakho kubahlaseli bangaphandle.

Ifomula xa umzimba wakho uqala ukuvelisa iiseli ezininzi zeplasma. Oku kungakhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamathambo kunye nokwehla kwamandla okulwa usulelo.

Ileukemia

Ileukemia ihlala ibandakanya iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Umzimba uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ezingafiyo njengoko kufanelekile. Njengoko inani labo likhula, bajikeleza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi eziqhelekileyo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, eziphazamisa amandla abo okusebenza.

I-leukemia ebukhali ibandakanya iiseli zegazi ezingafakwanga, ezibizwa ngokuba zii blast, kunye neempawu zinokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. I-leukemia engapheliyo ibandakanya iiseli zegazi esele zikhulile. Iimpawu zinokuba mnene ekuqaleni, ukuze ungazi ukuba unayo iminyaka.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokwahluka phakathi kwe-leukemia engapheliyo kunye ne-acute.

Zininzi iintlobo zegazi, kubandakanya:

• leukemia ezingapheliyo ze-lymphocytic, ezichaphazela abantu abadala
• leukemia etsolo lymphocytic, ichaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala
• leukemia ezinganyangekiyo ezichaphazela abantu abadala
• leukemia oyingozi myelogenous, echaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala

KwiLymphoma

I-Lymphoma ingaqala kwii-lymph node okanye kumongo wethambo.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili ze-lymphoma. Enye yiHodgkin's lymphoma, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaHodgkin, esiqala kwii-lymphocyte ezithile ze-B. Olunye uhlobo yi-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eqala kwiiseli ze-B okanye ze-T. Kukho nezinye iindidi ezincinci.

Nge-lymphoma, ii-lymphocyte zikhula ngaphandle kolawulo, zenza amathumba kwaye zenze kube nzima kumajoni akho omzimba ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Iimpawu zomhlaza womongo wethambo

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze myeloma ezininzi ingaquka:

• ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa ngenxa yokunqongophala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia)
• ukopha kunye nokugruzuka ngenxa yeeplatelets zegazi ezisezantsi (thrombocytopenia)
• usulelo ngenxa yokunqongophala kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (leukopenia)
• unxano olugqithisileyo
• ukuchama rhoqo
• ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• intlungu zesisu
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• ukozela
• ukudideka ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia)
• iintlungu zethambo okanye amathambo abuthathaka
• ukonakala kwezintso okanye ukusilela kwezintso
• i-peripheral neuropathy, okanye ukubetha, ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze Ileukemia zezi:

• umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola
• ubuthathaka nokudinwa
• rhoqo okanye kakhulu izifo
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• ukudumba kwamalungu enkovu
• isibindi esandisiweyo okanye udakada
• ukugruzuka okanye ukopha ngokulula, kubandakanya neempumlo zeempumlo ezenziwa rhoqo
• amachaphaza amancinci abomvu kulusu (petechiae)
• ukubila okugqithisileyo
• ukubila ebusuku
• iintlungu zethambo

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze lymphoma zezi:

• ukudumba entanyeni, ngaphantsi kwekhwapha, engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye emgodini
• ukwandisa ii-lymph node
• iintlungu zentliziyo, ukuba ndindisholo, ukurhawuzelela
• imvakalelo yokugcwala esiswini
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga
• ukubila ebusuku
• umkhuhlane kunye nokugodola
• amandla aphantsi
• isifuba okanye iintlungu ezisezantsi
• irhashalala okanye ukurhawuzelela

Oonobangela bomhlaza womongo wethambo

Akucaci ukuba yintoni ebangela umhlaza womongo wethambo. Izinto ezinegalelo zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuvezwa kwemichiza enetyhefu kwizinyibilikisi, i-fuels, ukukhutshwa kweenjini, iimveliso ezithile zokucoca, okanye iimveliso zezolimo
• ukubonakaliswa kwimitha yeatom
• iintsholongwane ezithile, kubandakanya i-HIV, i-hepatitis, ezinye i-retroviruses, kunye nezinye i-herpes virus
• uxinzelelo lomzimba okanye isifo seplasma
• ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza okanye imbali yosapho yomhlaza womongo wethambo
• ichemotherapy yangaphambili okanye unyango ngemitha
• ukutshaya
• ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukuchonga umhlaza womongo wethambo

Ukuba unempawu zomhlaza womongo wethambo, ugqirha wakho uya kuyiphonononga imbali yakho yonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba.

Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo kunye neempawu zakho, uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo kunokubandakanya:

• iimvavanyo zegazi, ezinje ngokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi, iprofayile yekhemistri, kunye neempawu zesisu
• iimvavanyo zomchamo ukujonga amanqanaba eprotini kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kwezintso
• Izifundo zokucinga ngemifanekiso efana ne-MRI, i-CT, i-PET, kunye ne-X-ray ukukhangela ubungqina bamathumba
• i-biopsy yomongo wethambo okanye i-lymph node eyandisiweyo ukujonga ubukho beeseli ezinomhlaza

Iziphumo ze-biopsy zinokuqinisekisa isifo somongo wethambo kwaye zibonelele ngolwazi malunga nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza. Ukujonga iimvavanyo kunokunceda ekuchazeni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye zeziphi izinto ezichaphazelekayo.

Unyango lomhlaza womongo wethambo

Unyango lomhlaza womongo wethambo luya kwenziwa ngokukodwa kwaye lusekwe kuhlobo oluthile kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza ekufumaniseni isifo, kunye nolunye uluvo lwezempilo.

Olu nyango lulandelayo lusetyenziselwa umhlaza womongo wethambo:

• Unyango ngamayeza. I-Chemotherapy yinkqubo yonyango eyenzelwe ukufumana kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. Ugqirha wakho uya kukumisela iyeza okanye indibaniselwano yamachiza ngokusekwe kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza.
• Unyango lwebhayoloji. Olu nyango lusebenzisa amajoni akho omzimba ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Iziyobisi zonyango ekujoliswe kuzo. La machiza ahlasela iintlobo ezithile zeseli zomhlaza ngendlela echanekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nekhemotherapy, zithintela ukonakala kweeseli ezisempilweni.
• Unyango ngemitha. Unyango ngemitha luhambisa imiqadi yamandla aphezulu kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza, ukunciphisa ubukhulu besisu, kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu.
• Ukutshintshwa. Nge-cell stem okanye ukufakelwa komongo wethambo, umongo wethambo owonakeleyo uthathelwa indawo ngumongo ophilileyo ovela kulowo unikelayo. Olu nyango lunokubandakanya unyango lweedosi ephezulu kunye nonyango lwemitha.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kunokuba lolunye ukhetho. Uvavanyo lwezonyango ziinkqubo zophando ezivavanya unyango olutsha olungagunyaziswanga ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi. Ngokubanzi banezikhokelo ezingqongqo zokufaneleka. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane ulwazi kwizilingo ezinokuba zilungile.

Imbonakalo yomhlaza womongo wethambo

Izibalo zokusinda ezinxulumene nokuthelekisa ukusinda kwabantu abanesifo somhlaza kubantu abangenawo umhlaza. Xa ujonga amazinga okusinda, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ziyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

La maxabiso abonisa ukusinda kwabantu abafunyaniswa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kuba unyango luphucula ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba amazinga okusinda angcono kunala manani abonisayo.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza womongo wethambo zinoburharha ngakumbi kunezinye. Ngokubanzi, kwangoko xa ubamba umhlaza, kokukhona amathuba akho okusinda engcono. Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezizodwa kuwe, ezinje ngempilo yakho iyonke, ubudala, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuba nakho ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga noko unokulindela.

Umbono ngokubanzi we-myeloma ezininzi

I-myeloma eninzi ayihlali iphila, kodwa inokulawulwa.Unyango: Multiple myeloma. (2018).
nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-myeloma/treatment/ Unyango lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngokubanzi.

Ngokwe-National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, kunye neZiphumo zokuPhela (SEER) idatha yeNkqubo ukusukela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2014, iminyaka emihlanu yeminyaka yokusinda kwesihlobo se-myeloma yile:Iimpawu zomhlaza womhlaza: iMyeloma. (nd).
imboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html

Umbono oqhelekileyo we-leukemia

Ezinye iintlobo zegazi ziyanyangeka. Umzekelo, phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantwana abane-acute lymphocytic leukemia bayaphiliswa.Ileukemia: Imbonakalo / isifo. (2016).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4365-leukemia/outlook-prognosis

Ngokwedatha ye-SEER ukusuka ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2014, iminyaka emihlanu yokuma kwe-leukemia ngama-61.4 epesenti.Iimpawu zomhlaza womhlaza: Ileukemia. (nd).
imboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html Amanqanaba okusweleka ehle nge-1.5 yeepesenti unyaka ngamnye ukusukela ngo-2006 ukuya ku-2015.

Umbono ngokubanzi we-lymphoma

I-Hodgkin's lymphoma iyanyangeka kakhulu. Xa kufunyenwe kwangethuba, zombini i-Hodgkin's lymphoma yabantu abadala kunye nobuntwana ihlala inyangeka.

Ngokwedatha ye-SEER ukusukela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2014, iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwesihlobo seHodgkin's lymphoma zezi:Iimpawu zomhlaza womhlaza: IHodgkin lymphoma. (nd).
imboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-SEER ukusuka ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2014, iminyaka emihlanu yokuphila ngokumalunga ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yile:Iimpawu zomhlaza womhlaza: engekho kwiHodgkin lymphoma. (nd).
imboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html

Ukuthatha

Ukuba ufumene isifo somhlaza womongo wethambo, mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi malunga nokwenza into elandelayo.

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ongaxoxa ngazo nogqirha wakho:

• uhlobo oluthile kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza
• iinjongo zokhetho lwakho lonyango
• loluphi uvavanyo oluya kuqhutywa ukujonga inkqubela yakho
• into onokuyenza ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokufumana inkxaso oyifunayo
• ingaba uvavanyo lweklinikhi lulungile kuwe
• imbonakalo yakho esekwe kwisifo sakho kunye nakwimpilo iyonke

Cela ukucaciselwa ukuba uyayifuna. I-oncologist yakho ikhona ukukunceda uqonde isifo sakho kunye nazo zonke iindlela zokhetho. Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nogqirha wakho luya kukunceda wenze esona sigqibo sihle kunyango lwakho.