Utyando olusezantsi: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Ixabisa malini uqhaqho olusezantsi?
• Imvume eyazisiweyo ngokuchasene nemigangatho yokhathalelo yeWPATH
• Ukufakwa kweinshurensi kunye notyando olungezantsi
• Ufumana njani umboneleli
• Inkqubo yoqhaqho lwangaphantsi lweMTF / MTN
• Ukuguqulwa kwePenile
• I-Rectosigmoid vaginoplasty
• Ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-penile
• Inkqubo yotyando engezantsi ye-FTM / FTN
• Metoidioplasty
• Phalloplasty
• Indlela yokulungiselela utyando olungezantsi
• Umngcipheko kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zotyando olungezantsi
• Ukuchacha kutyando olungezantsi

Ushwankathelo

Abantu beTransgender kunye ne-intersex balandela iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda ukubonakaliswa kwabo ngokwesini.

Abanye abenzi kwanto kwaye bagcina isazisi kunye nokuzichaza ngasese. Abanye banqwenela ukutshintsha kwezentlalo-baxelele abanye ngobuni babo-ngaphandle kongenelelo lonyango.

Uninzi lusukela kuphela unyango olungena endaweni yehomoni. Abanye baya kulandela i-HRT kunye needigri ezahlukeneyo zoqhaqho, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwesifuba okanye uqhaqho lobuso lobufazi (FFS). Banokuthatha isigqibo sokuba utyando olungezantsi- ekwabizwa ngokuba lutyando lwamalungu esini, utyando lokwabelana ngesondo (SRS), okanye ngokukhethekileyo, utyando lokuqinisekisa isini (GCS) - lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubo.

Utyando olusezantsi ngokubanzi lubhekisa ku:

• lobufazi
• phalloplasty
• memoocoplasty

IVaginoplasty ihlala ilandelwa ngabafazi be-transgender kunye ne-AMAB (eyabelwe indoda xa izalwa) abantu abangazidibanisi, ngelixa i-phalloplasty okanye i-metoidioplasty, iqhutywa ngamadoda e-transgender kunye ne-AFAM (eyabelwe ababhinqileyo ekuzalweni) abantu abangabhalwanga.

Ixabisa malini uqhaqho olusezantsi?

Imvume eyazisiweyo ngokuchasene nemigangatho yokhathalelo yeWPATH

Abakhokeli beenkonzo zempilo abaphambili be-transgender baya kulandela imodeli yokuvuma enolwazi okanye imigangatho yokhathalelo lweWPATH.

Imodeli yokuvuma enolwazi ivumela ugqirha ukuba akwazise ngomngcipheko wesigqibo esithile. Emva koko, uthatha isigqibo ngokwakho ukuba uyaqhubeka na ngaphandle kokufaka kulo naluphi na uqeqesho kwezempilo.

Imigangatho ye-WPATH yokhathalelo ifuna ileta yenkxaso evela kunyangi ukuqala i-HRT, kunye neeleta ezininzi ukuze kwenziwe utyando olungezantsi.

Indlela yeWPATH itsala ukugxekwa kwabanye abantu ekuhlaleni be-transgender. Bakholelwa ukuba kuthatha ulawulo ezandleni zomntu kwaye kuthetha ukuba umntu oguqukayo unegunya elingaphantsi kwegunya lomntu we-cisgender.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye ababoneleli ngenkathalo baphikisa ukuba. Ukufuna iileta ezivela kubanyangi kunye noogqirha kubhenela kwezinye izibhedlele, oogqirha, kunye nabanonophelo, abanokujonga kule nkqubo njengokhuseleko ngokusemthethweni ukuba kunyanzelekile.

Zombini ezi ndlela ziqwalaselwa ngabathile kuluntu lwe-transgender njengophuculo lwangaphambili kunye nolusasazekileyo imodeli yesango. Le modeli ifuna iinyanga okanye iminyaka yamava obomi bokwenyani (RLE) kwisazisi sabo ngaphambi kokuba babe ne-HRT okanye olunye utyando oluqhelekileyo.

Abanye baphikisa ukuba oku kucinga ukuba isazisi se-transgender singaphantsi okanye sisemthethweni kunokuba isazisi se-cisgender. Bakholelwa ukuba i-RLE lixesha elibuhlungu ngokwasengqondweni, elingenakwenzeka ekuhlaleni, kwaye liyingozi emzimbeni apho umntu oguqukayo kufuneka azikhuphe aye kuluntu-ngaphandle kwesibonelelo soguquko lomzimba oluziswa zihomoni okanye utyando.

Imodeli yomgcini-sango ikwathanda ukusebenzisa i-heteronormative, iikhrayitheriya ezingaqhelekanga zokufumana amava obomi bokwenyani. Oku kubangela umceli mngeni kubantu abadlala ngesini okanye abanesini ngaphandle komgaqo oqinisekileyo (iilokhwe kunye nokuzenzela kwabafazi, ukuboniswa kwamadoda ngamadoda), kwaye kususa amava abantu abangathathi ntweni.

Ukufakwa kweinshurensi kunye notyando olungezantsi

E-United States, iindlela ezizezinye zokuhlawula iindleko eziphezulu zokuphuma epokothweni zibandakanya ukusebenzela inkampani elandela imigangatho ye-Human Rights Campaign Foundation ye-Equality Index yayo, okanye ngokuhlala kwilizwe elifuna i-inshurensi ukuba igubungele ukhathalelo lwe-transgender, njengeCalifornia okanye iNew York.

ECanada nase-UK, utyando olungezantsi lugutyungelwe kukhathalelo lwempilo lwesizwe, ngamanqanaba ohlukeneyo okujonga kunye namaxesha okulinda ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi.

Ufumana njani umboneleli

Xa ukhetha ugqirha wotyando, landela umntu okanye udliwanondlebe nodliwanondlebe kunye noogqirha abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Buza imibuzo emininzi, ukufumana ingcaciso yokwahluka koqhaqho kubuchwephesha babo, kunye nendlela yabo yokulala. Ufuna ukukhetha umntu oziva ukhululekile kunye naye, kwaye ngubani okholelwa ukuba ngowona ulungele wena.

Abagqirha abaninzi benza intetho okanye babonisane kwizixeko ezikhulu unyaka wonke kwaye banokubonakala kwiinkomfa ze-transgender. Kuyanceda ukufikelela kwizigulana zangaphambili zoogqirha abanomdla kuwe, ngokusebenzisa iiforamu ezikwi-Intanethi, amaqela enkxaso, okanye abahlobo.

Inkqubo yoqhaqho lwangaphantsi lweMTF / MTN

Zintathu iindlela eziphambili ze-vaginoplasty ezenziweyo namhlanje:

• Ukuguqulwa kwepenile
• i-rectosigmoid okanye i-colon graft
• inversion vaginoplasty engeyo-penile

Kuzo zontathu iindlela zoqhaqho, iklitori yenziwe yavela entlokweni yelungu lobudoda.

Ukuguqulwa kwePenile

Ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-penile kubandakanya ukusebenzisa isikhumba se-penile ukwenza i-neovagina. Ilebia enkulu kunye neminora zenziwe ikakhulu kwizicwili ezikhulu. Oku kukhokelela kwilungu lobufazi kunye nelebia.

Eyona nto iphambili kukungazithambisi ngodonga lobufazi. Umahluko oqhelekileyo ubandakanya ukusebenzisa isicwili esisele njengesixhobo sokudibanisa ubufazi, kunye nokusebenzisa i-mucosal urethra efunyenwe kwilungu lobudoda ukuya kumgca welungu lobufazi, ukudala ukuzithambisa.

I-Rectosigmoid vaginoplasty

I-Rectosigmoid vaginoplasty ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezicubu zamathumbu ukwenza udonga lobufazi. Obu buchule ngamanye amaxesha busetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-penile inversion. Izicubu zamathumbu zangaphakathi ziyanceda xa izicwili zepenile kunye nezikruthayo zinqabile.

Le ndlela ihlala isetyenziselwa abafazi be-transgender abaqala unyango lwehomoni xa befikisa kwaye bengazange babonakaliswe kwi-testosterone.

Izicubu zamathumbu emathunjini zinezibonelelo zokongeza i-mucosal, kwaye ke ngoko kukuzithambisa. Obu buchule bukwasetyenziselwa ukwakha kwakhona ii-vaginas zabafazi be-cisgender abaphuhlise imijelo emifutshane yobufazi.

Ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-penile

Inversion engeyiyo i-penile ikwabizwa ngokuba sisixhobo seSuporn (emva kukaGqirha Suporn owayiyilwayo) okanye iChonburi Flap.

Le ndlela isebenzisa izihlunu zomzimba ezigutyungelweyo kulusu lwelungu lobufazi, kunye nethiski eqinisekileyo yelabia majora (efanayo ne-penile inversion). Izicubu ze-penile zisetyenziselwa i-labia minora kunye ne-clitoral hood.

Ogqirha abasebenzisa obu buchule babonisa ubunzulu besini, ukuziva ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwe-labia, kunye nokuphuculwa kwembonakalo yezithambiso.

Inkqubo yotyando engezantsi ye-FTM / FTN

I-Phalloplasty kunye ne-metoidioplasty ziindlela ezimbini ezibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwe-neopenis.

Iscrotoplasty sinokwenziwa ngoqhaqho, oluguqula iilebhu ezinkulu zibe sisikhalazo. Ukufakwa kwamatyhalarha kufuna ukulinda uqhaqho olulandelayo.

Metoidioplasty

I-Metoidioplasty yinkqubo elula kakhulu kwaye ekhawulezayo kune-phalloplasty. Kule nkqubo, i-clitoris, esele ikhulisiwe ukuya kwi-3-8 yeesentimitha yi-HRT, ikhutshwa kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo, yaze yamiswa kwakhona ukuze ilingane nokubekwa kwelungu lobudoda.

Unokukhetha nokwenza ubude be-urethral kunye ne-metoidioplasty yakho, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-metoidioplasty epheleleyo.

Le ndlela isebenzisa izicwili zomnikeli ukusuka esidleleni okanye kwilungu lobufazi ukudibanisa i-urethra neopenis entsha, ekuvumela ukuba uchame xa umile.

Unokuphinda ulandele inkqubo yeCenturion, apho iigaments phantsi kweelabia ezinkulu ziphinde zabekwa ukongeza isondo kwi-neopenis. Ukususwa kobufazi kunokwenziwa ngeli xesha, kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho.

Emva kwezi nkqubo, i-neopenis inokuthi okanye ingagcini ukulungiswa kwayo kwaye ayinakulindeleka ukuba inikezele ngesondo.

Phalloplasty

I-Phalloplasty ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ufakelo lwesikhumba ukongeza i-neopenis kwii-intshi ezi-5-8. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo zabanikeli kulungiso lolusu yingalo yangaphambi, ithanga, isisu kunye nomqolo ongaphezulu.

Kukho izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kwindawo nganye yomnikeli. Ingalo yangaphambi kunye nomlenze wethanga unokubanoluvo olunamandla emva kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, isiva esingasemva sithanda ukungabonakali kakhulu kwaye sivumela ubude obude bepenisi.

Isisu kunye neempuphu zethanga zihlala zixhunyiwe kumzimba kulo lonke utyando.

Ingalo engaphambili nengasemva zii "flaps zasimahla" ekufuneka zihlangulwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zinxibelelaniswe kwakhona ngemicrosurgery.

I-urethra ikwandisiwe ngokusebenzisa izicubu zomnikeli kwindawo enye. Ukufakwa kwe-penile kunokufakwa kutyando olulandelayo, ukubonelela ngesakhono sokugcina ulungiso olupheleleyo olulungele isini esigqibeleleyo.

Indlela yokulungiselela utyando olungezantsi

Ukuqhubela phambili kutyando olusezantsi, uninzi lwabantu lufuna ukususwa kweenwele nge-electrolysis.

Kwi-vaginoplasty, iinwele ziya kususwa kulusu oluya kuthi ekugqibeleni lubandakanye ulungelelwaniso lwe-neovagina. Kwi-phalloplasty, iinwele ziyasuswa kwindawo yolusu lomnikeli.

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuba uyeke i-HRT kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kotyando, kwaye uyeke iiveki ezimbini emva kotyando. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanye amayeza owathatha rhoqo. Bayakwazisa ukuba ufuna ukuyeka ukubathatha ngaphambi kotyando, nawe.

Abanye ogqirha bafuna ukulungiswa kwamathumbu ngaphambi kotyando olungezantsi ngokunjalo.

Umngcipheko kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zotyando olungezantsi

I-Vaginoplasty inokubangela ukulahleka kwemvakalelo kwinxalenye okanye yonke i-neoclitoris ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo. Abanye abantu banokufumana i-rectovaginal fistula, ingxaki enkulu evula amathumbu kwilungu lobufazi. Ukuhla kwamagciwane nako kusenokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ngxaki zinqabile.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abafumana i-vaginoplasty banokufumana ukungavumelani okuncinci komchamo, ngokufanayo noko kwenzeka kumntu emva kokubeleka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukungahambi kakuhle kuyancipha emva kwexesha elithile.

I-metoidioplasty epheleleyo kunye ne-phalloplasty zithwala umngcipheko we-urethral fistula (umngxunya okanye ukuvulwa kwi-urethra) okanye ukuqina kwe-urethral (ukuvaleka). Zombini zinokulungiswa ngotyando olulandelayo olulandelayo. I-Phalloplasty ikwanomngcipheko wokwaliwa kolusu lomnikeli, okanye usulelo kwindawo yabanikeli. Nge-scrotoplasty, umzimba unokwala ukufakelwa kwamatyhalarha.

IVaginoplasty, metoidioplasty, kunye ne-phalloplasty zonke zinomngcipheko wokuba umntu angakholiswa sisiphumo sobuhle.

Ukuchacha kutyando olungezantsi

Iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu zokulaliswa esibhedlele ziyafuneka, zilandelwe zezinye iintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 zokujonga abaguli ngaphandle. Emva kwenkqubo yakho, lindela ukuyeka umsebenzi okanye umsebenzi onzima malunga neeveki ezintandathu.

I-Vaginoplasty ifuna i-catheter kangangeveki enye. I-metoidioplasty epheleleyo kunye ne-phalloplasty zifuna i-catheter ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezintathu, de kube kwinqanaba apho unokucoca ubuninzi bomchamo wakho nge-urethra yakho wedwa.

Emva kwe-vaginoplasty, uninzi lwabantu ngokubanzi kufuneka luthambe rhoqo kunyaka wokuqala okanye emibini, ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweziqu zeplastikhi ezinzima. Emva koko, isenzo sokungena ngokwesondo siqhele ukwanela ukugcina. I-neovagina ikhulisa i-microflora efana nelungu lobufazi eliqhelekileyo, nangona inqanaba le-pH lithembele ngakumbi kwi-alkaline.

Amabala athambekele ekubeni afihlwe kwizinwele zasesidlangalaleni, kunye nezibaya ze-labia majora, okanye aphilise kakuhle ukuze angabonakali.