Bradycardia: yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Xa i-bradycardia inzima
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-Bradycardia ligama lonyango elisetyenzisiweyo xa intliziyo icothisa ukubetha kwentliziyo, ibetha ngaphantsi kwe-60 beats ngomzuzu ngokuphumla.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-bradycardia ayinazimpawu, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwehla kokuhamba kwegazi, okubangelwa kukuhla kwenqanaba lentliziyo, ukudinwa, ubuthathaka okanye isiyezi sinokuvela. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye kugqirha wezentliziyo ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho unobangela ochongiweyo kwaye lolona nyango lufanelekileyo oluqalisiweyo, olunokubandakanya ukubekwa kwesincedisi-ntliziyo.

I-Bradycardia ixhaphake kakhulu kwiimbaleki zokhuphiswano oluphezulu, kuba iintliziyo zazo sele zilungisiwe kumzamo womzimba owenziwa rhoqo, ogqiba ukunciphisa ukubetha kwentliziyo ngexesha lokuphumla. Kubantu abadala, kunokubakho ukwehla kwenqanaba lentliziyo ngenxa yokuguga kwendalo kwentliziyo, ngaphandle kokubonisa ubukho beengxaki zempilo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Ukwehla kwenqanaba lentliziyo kunokuthathwa njengesiqhelo xa kusenzeka ngexesha lokulala okanye kubantu abazilolonga rhoqo, njengokubaleka kunye nabadlali bebhayisikile. Kuqhelekile ukuba yenzeke emva kwesidlo esikhulu okanye ngexesha lomnikelo wegazi, inyamalale emva kweeyure ezimbalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, i-bradycardia inokubangelwa yimeko ethile yentliziyo okanye yomzimba ekufuneka ichongiwe kwaye inyangwe:

• Isifo seSinus node, ebonakaliswa kukungakwazi kwentliziyo ukugcina ukubetha kwentliziyo okwaneleyo;
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, eyenzekayo xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuphazamisekile kwaye intliziyo ingafumani gazi kunye neoksijini eyimfuneko yokwenza umsebenzi wayo;
• Hypothermia, xa iqondo lobushushu lomzimba lingaphantsi kwama-35ºC kwaye imisebenzi yomzimba iye icothe, njengokushaya kwentliziyo, ukugcina ubushushu;
• IHypothyroidism, ebonakaliswa kukuhla kwenani lamahomoni e-thyroid, anokuchaphazela inkqubo yentliziyo kunye nokunciphisa ukubetha kwentliziyo;
• Hypoglycemia, nokuhla kwenani leswekile esegazini kunye nokuhlisa isantya sentliziyo;
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe potassium okanye ikhalsiyam egazini, unokuchaphazela ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukunciphisa;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza kuxinzelelo lwegazi okanye i-arrhythmia, ezihlala zine-bradycardia njengempembelelo yecala;
• Ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezinobuthi, ezifana nenicotine, umzekelo;
• Ukudumba kwenwebu yengqondo, equka ukudumba kwenwebu ejikeleze ubuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo kwaye inokubangela i-bradycardia;
• Ithumba kwinkqubo yovalo esembindini, kunokubangela i-bradycardia ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwandileyo olwenzeka ngaphakathi kokakayi;
• Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenqanaba lentliziyo ngenxa yeenguqu ezibangelayo kwinqanaba lobuchopho;
• Ukulala ngokuphefumla, ehambelana nokuphefumla okomzuzwana okanye ukuphefumla nzulu ngexesha lokulala, okunokuthi kuthintele ukuhamba kwegazi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi ezi zizathu zihamba kunye neempawu ngaphandle kwe-bradycardia, ezinjengentlungu entliziyweni, kwimeko yesifo sentliziyo, ukugodola, kwimeko yehypothermia, isiyezi okanye umbono ongacacanga, kwimeko yehypoglycaemia, kunye nefiva okanye ukuqina entanyeni, kwimeko ye-meningitis.

Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, i-bradycardia inokwenzeka ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane okanye ibhaktheriya, ezinje nge-diphtheria, i-rheumatic fever kunye ne-myocarditis, kukudumba kwentliziyo yemisipha ebangelwa kukusulelwa ziintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya. Jonga ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili kunye nendlela yokunyanga i-myocarditis.

Xa i-bradycardia inzima

I-Bradycardia inokuba nzima xa ibangela ukubonakala kwezinye iimpawu ezinje:

• Ukudinwa okulula;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Ulusu olubandayo;
• Ukufa;
• Intlungu yesifuba ngohlobo lokutshisa okanye ukuqina;
• Uxinzelelo luyancipha;
• UMalaise.

Kwimeko yazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu kubalulekile ukuba uye kugqirha wezentliziyo enze uvavanyo oluthe kratya kwaye wenze uvavanyo olunokuchonga ingxaki.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-bradycardia kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-cardiologist kwaye luyahluka ngokwonobangela, iimpawu kunye nobukhali. Ukuba i-bradycardia inxulunyaniswa nesinye isizathu, njenge-hypothyroidism, ukutshintsha amayeza okanye unyango olufanelekileyo ngakumbi lwe-hypothyroidism, inokuyisombulula i-bradycardia.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukusebenzisa pacemaker, esisisixhobo esibekwe ngotyando kwaye ejolise ekulawuleni ukubetha kwentliziyo kwimeko yebradycardia, umzekelo. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-pacemaker yentliziyo.