Unyango loMhlaza wamabele ngeNyathelo

Umxholo

• Inqanaba 0 (DCIS)
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango lweHormone okanye unyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Inqanaba 1
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo
• Unyango lweHormone
• Inqanaba 2
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lweHormone
• Inqanaba 3
• Unyango
• Inqanaba 4
• Unyango
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy njengonyango oluvelayo
• Ulawulo lweentlungu
• Izinto ezichaphazela unyango lomhlaza wamabele
• Ubudala
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukukhula kwethumba
• Imeko yokutshintsha kwemfuza kunye nembali yosapho
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

Zininzi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza wamabele ezikhoyo, kwaye unyango luyafumaneka kuwo onke amabakala omhlaza. Uninzi lwabantu ludinga indibaniselwano yonyango ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu.

Emva kokuxilongwa, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba isigaba somhlaza wakho. Baya kuthi emva koko bathathe isigqibo malunga nokhetho olulungileyo lonyango olusekwe kwinqanaba lakho kunye nezinye izinto, ezinje ngeminyaka, imbali yosapho, imeko yokutshintsha kwemfuza, kunye nembali yezonyango.

Unyango kumhlaza webele wamanqanaba okuqala lusenokungasebenzi kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele. Amanqanaba omhlaza webele aqala kwi-0 kuye kwi-4. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zichonga inqanaba lakho, kubandakanya:

• ubungakanani bethumba
• inani le-lymph node ezichaphazelekayo
• ingaba umhlaza unwenwele nakwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza umhlaza webele. Ukujonga iimvavanyo kubandakanya i-CT scan, i-MRI, i-ultrasound, i-X-ray, kunye ne-PET scan.

Ezi zinokunceda ugqirha anciphise indawo ekuyo umhlaza, abale ubungakanani besisu, kwaye abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukuba uvavanyo lokucinga lubonisa ubunzima kwelinye icandelo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-biopsy ukubona ukuba ubunzima bububi okanye bulunge. Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nokuvavanywa kwegazi nako kunokunceda ekubekeni.

Inqanaba 0 (DCIS)

Ukuba iiseli zangaphambi komhlaza okanye zomhlaza zivalelwe kwimibhobho yobisi, ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wamabele ongafunekiyo okanye ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Inqanaba 0 lomhlaza webele unokuba yinto engenayo kwaye isasazeka ngaphaya kwemibhobho. Unyango lwakwangoko lunokukuyekisa ekubeni nomhlaza wamabele.

Ugqirha

Kwi-lumpectomy, ugqirha ususa iiseli ezinomhlaza kwaye asindise lonke ibele. Yindlela efanelekileyo xa iDCIS ivalelwe kwindawo enye yebele.

I-lumpectomy inokwenziwa njengenkqubo yokunyanga ngaphandle. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungagoduka kwakamsinya emva kotyando kwaye akuyi kufuneka ukuba uhlale esibhedlele ubusuku bonke.

I-mastectomy kukususwa kotyando lwebele. Kuyacetyiswa xa iDCIS ifunyenwe kulo lonke ibele. Ugqirha lokwakha ngokutsha isifuba lungaqala ngexesha le-mastectomy okanye emva komhla.

Unyango ngemitha

Imitha luhlobo lonyango ekujoliswe kulo. Ihlala icetyiswa emva kokuqunjelwa kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele. Amandla eX-reyi asetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kunye nokuthintela ukuba zisasazeke.

Olu nyango lunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda. Unyango ngemitha luqhutywa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe.

Unyango lweHormone okanye unyango ekujoliswe kulo

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwehomoni ukuba ngaba une-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy eyodwa ye-estrogen receptor-positive okanye i-progesterone ye-receptor-positive cancer cancer.

Unyango lwehomoni ngomlomo, njenge-tamoxifen, zihlala zimiselwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza webele. Unyango lweHormone alunakumiselwa kwabasetyhini abanesifo sokuphindaphindeka kabini kwesifo somhlaza webele.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-trastuzumab (Herceptin), unyango ekujoliswe kulo, ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lomhlaza wamabele luneeproteni ze-HER2 ezigqithileyo.

Inqanaba 1

Inqanaba 1A Umhlaza webele uthetha ukuba ithumba lokuqala liziisentimitha ezi-2 okanye ngaphantsi kwaye ii-lymph node ze-axillary azichaphazeleki. Kwinqanaba le-1B, umhlaza ufumaneka kwii-lymph node kwaye akukho thumba ebeleni okanye ithumba lincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-2.

Zombini i-1A kunye ne-1B ziqwalaselwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza webele. Ugqirha kunye nonyango olunye okanye nangaphezulu kunokucetyiswa.

Ugqirha

I-Lumpectomy kunye ne-mastectomy zombini ziinketho kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele. Isigqibo sisekwe:

• ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba lokuqala
• ukhetho lomntu
• ezinye izinto ezinje ngemfuza

I-Biopsy ye-lymph node iya kwenziwa ngaxeshanye.

Kwi-mastectomy, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele kungaqala ngaxeshanye ukuba kuyafuneka, okanye emva kokuba unyango olongezelelweyo lugqityiwe.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha luhlala lucetyiswa emva kotyando kwinqanaba lesifo somhlaza webele. Isenokungabi yimfuneko kwabasetyhini abadala kuneminyaka engama-70, ngakumbi ukuba unyango lwehomoni lunokwenzeka.

I-Chemotherapy kunye nonyango ekujoliswe kulo

Umhlaza webele ongalunganga kwi-estrogen, iprogesterone, kunye ne-HER2 ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wamabele kathathu ongekho mthethweni (TNBC). I-Chemotherapy phantse ihlala ifuna la matyala kuba akukho nyango kujoliswe kuyo kwi-TNBC.

I-Chemotherapy inikwa kwakhona i-hormone-positive cancer cancer. I-Herceptin, unyango ekujoliswe kulo, inikwa kunye ne-chemotherapy ye-HER2-positive cancer cancer. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nezinye iindlela zonyango ezijolise kwi-HER2, ezinje ngePerjeta okanye iNerlynx.

Nangona kunjalo, i-chemotherapy ayisoloko ifuneka kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza webele, ngakumbi ukuba inokunyangwa ngonyango lwehomoni.

Unyango lweHormone

Oogqirha banokucebisa unyango lwehomoni kwihomoni ezinomhlaza webele ezifumana i-hormone, nokuba ungakanani na ithumba.

Inqanaba 2

Kwinqanaba le-2A, ithumba lincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-2 kwaye lisasazeke phakathi kwendawo enye ukuya kwezintathu ezikufuphi. Okanye, iphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 kwaye khange isasazeke kwii-lymph node.

Inqanaba 2B lithetha ukuba ithumba liphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 kwaye lisasazeke phakathi kwendawo enye ukuya kwezintathu ezikufutshane ne-lymph node. Okanye inkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-5 kwaye ayisasazekanga nakweyiphi i-lymph node.

Uya kudinga indibaniselwano yotyando, ichemotherapy, kunye nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo: unyango ekujoliswe kulo, imitha kunye nonyango lwehomoni.

Ugqirha

I-Lumpectomy kunye ne-mastectomy zombini zinokukhetha ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo yethumba.

I-radical mastectomy eguqulweyo kukususwa kwebele, kubandakanya izihlunu zesifuba. Ukuba ukhetha ukwakhiwa kwakhona, inkqubo ingaqala ngaxeshanye okanye emva kokuba unyango lomhlaza lugqityiwe.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lujolise nakweyiphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezisele esifubeni nakwii-lymph node. Ihlala icetyiswa emva kotyando.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy lunyango lwenkqubo yokubulala iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wonke. La mayeza anamandla ahanjiswa ngaphakathi (emthanjeni) kwisithuba seeveki okanye iinyanga ezininzi.

Kukho iintlobo zamachiza e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wamabele, kubandakanya:

• I-docetaxel (iTaxotere)
• doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
• icyclophosphamide (iCytoxan)

Unokufumana indibaniselwano yamayeza e-chemotherapy aliqela. I-Chemotherapy ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-TNBC. I-Herceptin inikwa kunye ne-chemotherapy ye-HER2-positive cancer cancer.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa nezinye iindlela zonyango ezijolise kwi-HER2, ezinje ngePerjeta okanye iNerlynx.

Unyango lweHormone

Emva kokuba lonke olunye unyango lugqityiwe, unokuxhamla kunyango oluqhubekekayo lomhlaza webele onentsholongwane.

Amayeza omlomo anje nge-tamoxifen okanye i-aromatase inhibitors anokumiselwa iminyaka emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu.

Inqanaba 3

Inqanaba 3A Umhlaza webele uthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazekile waya kwi-axillary (armpit) lymph node ezine okanye uzandisile ii-lymph node zangaphakathi. I-tumor yokuqala ingaba nayiphi na ubukhulu.

Isenokuthetha ukuba ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-5 kwaye amaqela amancinci eeseli zomhlaza afunyanwa kwii-lymph node. Okokugqibela, inqanaba 3A linokubandakanya amathumba angaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-5 ngokubandakanyeka kolunye ukuya kolwesithathu i-axillary lymph node okanye naziphi na iindawo zesifuba.

Inqanaba 3B lithetha ukuba ithumba lesifuba lingene eludongeni lwesifuba okanye kulusu kwaye linakho okanye alinakuhlasela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-lymph node.

Isigaba 3C sithetha ukuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwi-10 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-lymph nodes, i-lymph nodes kufuphi ne-collarbone, okanye i-mammary nodes nodes.

Iimpawu zomhlaza webele wokudumba (IBC) zahlukile kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wamabele. Ukufumanisa isifo kunokulibaziseka kuba kuhlala kungekho bhuma. Ngokwenkcazo, i-IBC ifunyaniswa kwinqanaba 3B okanye ngaphezulu.

Unyango

Unyango lwenqanaba lesithathu lomhlaza webele liyafana nelo linqanaba 2.

Inqanaba 4

Inqanaba lesi-4 libonisa ukuba umhlaza webele une-metastasized (ukusasazeka kwindawo ekude yomzimba).

Umhlaza wamabele uhlala usasazeka kwimiphunga, kwingqondo, kwisibindi, okanye emathanjeni. Umhlaza webele we-Metastatic awunakunyangeka, kodwa unokunyangwa ngonyango olunochuku.

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza ubandakanya iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, unokufuna unyango oluninzi ukunqanda ukukhula kwethumba kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.

Unyango

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni umhlaza wamabele wakho uhambele phambili kangakanani, uya kuba ne-chemotherapy, unyango ngemitha, kunye nonyango lwehomoni (ukuba unomdlavuza we-hormone receptor-positive).

Olunye ukhetho kukujolisa kunyango, olujolise kwiprotein evumela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhule. Kwii-cancer ze-HER2-positive, i-HER2 zonyango ezijoliswe kuyo zingabandakanya i-Herceptin, i-Perjeta, i-Nerlynx, i-Tykerb, okanye i-Kadcyla.

Ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwii-lymph nodes, unokubona ukuvuvukala okanye ukwandiswa kweendawo zakho. Ugqirha, i-chemotherapy, kunye ne-radiation zingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza osasazeka kwii-lymph node.

Inani kunye nendawo ekuhlala kuyo amathumba ibeka ukhetho lwakho lotyando.

Utyando alunguye umgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela ngomhlaza wamabele ohambele phambili, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwentambo yomqolo, amathambo aphukileyo, kunye nobunzima obungatshatanga obubangelwa yimastastasis. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Amanye amachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isigaba somhlaza wamabele kubandakanya:

• iziyobisi
• ii-anticonvulsants
• ii-steroids
• iintlungu zalapha ekhaya

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy njengonyango oluvelayo

I-Immunotherapy yindlela entsha yokonyango, kwaye ngelixa ingakhange ivunyiwe yi-FDA yomhlaza wamabele okwangoku, yindawo ethembisayo.

Kukho izifundo ezininzi zangaphambi kokubeleka kunye neklinikhi eziphakamisa ukuba inokuphucula iziphumo zeklinikhi kubantu abanomhlaza wamabele.

I-Immunotherapy ineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunechemotherapy kwaye ayinakufane ibangele ukuxhathisa. I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokunyusa ukhuselo lwendalo lomzimba ukulwa nomhlaza.

IPembrolizumab sisithinteli somzimba sokujonga umzimba. Luhlobo lwe-immunotherapy olubonakalise isithembiso esithile kunyango lomhlaza webele we-metastatic.

Isebenza ngokuthintela ii-antibodies ezithile ezenza kube nzima kumajoni omzimba ukulwa nomhlaza, ukuvumela umzimba ukuba ubuye umva ngokufanelekileyo. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-37.5 zezigulana ezinesifo somhlaza wamabele eziphindwe kathathu zabona isibonelelo kunyango.

Ngenxa yokuba i-immunotherapy ayamkelwa yi-FDA okwangoku, unyango lufumaneka ikakhulu kuvavanyo lweklinikhi ngeli xesha.

Ulawulo lweentlungu

Umhlaza webele osasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba unokubangela iintlungu, ezinjengentlungu yethambo, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokungonwabi kwisibindi. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nolawulo lwentlungu.

Izinketho zentlungu ephantsi ukuya kumodareyitha zibandakanya i-acetaminophen kunye nee-NSAID, ezinje nge-ibuprofen.

Ngentlungu ebuhlungu kamva, ugqirha unokucebisa i-opioid enje nge-morphine, i-oxycodone, i-hydromorphone, okanye i-fentanyl.

Izinto ezichaphazela unyango lomhlaza wamabele

Ngelixa inqanaba lomhlaza wamabele linento yokwenza nokukhetha unyango, ezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela ukhetho lwakho lonyango ngokunjalo.

Ubudala

Isibhengezo somhlaza webele sihlala sibi kakhulu kwabasetyhini abangaphantsi kwe-40 kuba umhlaza webele uhlala ubundlongondlongo kubafazi abancinci.

Ukulungelelanisa umfanekiso womzimba kunye nokunciphisa ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunokudlala indima kwisigqibo phakathi kwe-lumpectomy kunye ne-mastectomy.

Ukongeza kotyando, ichemotherapy, kunye nemitha, iminyaka eliqela yonyango lwehomoni olunomdlavuza webele onomdla kwihomoni ihlala icetyiswa kubafazi abancinci. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda okanye ukusasazeka komhlaza wamabele.

Kubafazi be-premenopausal, uxinzelelo lwe-ovari lunokucetyiswa ukongeza kunyango lwehomoni.

Ukukhulelwa

Ukukhulelwa kunefuthe kunyango lomhlaza wamabele. Utyando lomhlaza webele luhlala lukhuselekile kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kodwa oogqirha banokuyidimaza i-chemotherapy kude kube yikota yesibini okanye yesithathu.

Unyango lweHormone kunye nonyango lwemitha lunokulimaza usana olungekazalwa kwaye alukhuthazwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ukukhula kwethumba

Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye usasazeka njani na.

Ukuba unesimo somhlaza webele, ugqirha unokucebisa ngendlela enoburharha, enjengokuhlinzwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwezinye iindlela zonyango.

Imeko yokutshintsha kwemfuza kunye nembali yosapho

Unyango lomhlaza webele luxhomekeke kwinxalenye yokuba nesihlobo esisondeleyo esinembali yomhlaza wamabele okanye kuvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lofuzo olwonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza webele.

Abasetyhini abanale miba banokukhetha ukhetho lothintelo, olunje nge-mastectomy yamazwe amabini.

Imbonakalo

Ukuxelwa kwangaphambili komhlaza wamabele kuxhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, kwinqanaba lokufumana isifo. Okukhona ufunyaniswe kwangoko, kokukhona umphumo ungcono.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba uzihlolisise amabele nyanga nganye kunye nokucwangcisa iimammograms eziqhelekileyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neshedyuli yokujonga ilungile kuwe. Funda malunga neeshedyuli zovavanyo kunye nokunye kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi somhlaza wamabele.

Kukho unyango oluqhelekileyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba omhlaza webele, kodwa unyango lwakho luya kulungelelaniswa neemfuno zakho.

Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokuxilongwa, oogqirha bakho baya kuthathela ingqalelo uhlobo lomhlaza webele onawo kunye nezinye izinto zempilo. Isicwangciso sakho sonyango sihlengahlengiswa ngokwendlela ophendula ngayo kuso.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango zizifundo zophando ezisebenzisa abantu ukuvavanya unyango olutsha. Ukuba unomdla, cela i-oncologist yakho ngolwazi malunga nezilingo ezikhoyo.

Unokujonga kwakhona kunyango olongezelelekileyo kulo naliphi na inqanaba lomhlaza wamabele. Ezi ziindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nonyango oluqhelekileyo lonyango. Abasetyhini abaninzi baxhamla kunyango olufana nokuthambisa, ukwenza i-acupuncture kunye neyoga.

Fumana inkxaso kwabanye abaphila nomhlaza wamabele. Khuphela usetyenziso lwasimahla lweHealthline Apha.