Kutheni le nto ndinengxaki yokuphefumla?

Umxholo

• Iimeko zemiphunga ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Isifo sombefu
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• Ukudibanisa iipulmonary
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi
• Croup
• Epiglottitis
• Iimeko zentliziyo ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Imithambo yegazi
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Arrhythmias
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo
• Ezinye izizathu zobunzima bokuphefumla
• Imiba yendalo esingqongileyo
• IHernatal hernia
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wobunzima bokuphefumla?
• Iimpawu zokujonga
• Ukuphefumla ubunzima kubantwana abancinci
• Croup
• IBronchiolitis
• Kufunyaniswa njani oku?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo
• Amayeza
• Imibuzo neempendulo
• Q:
• A:

Ushwankathelo

Ukufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla kuchaza ukungonwabi xa uphefumla kwaye uziva ngathi awunakutsala umphefumlo opheleleyo. Oku kunokukhula kancinci kancinci okanye kuza ngesiquphe. Iingxaki zokuphefumla kancinci, ezinje ngokudinwa emva kweklasi ye-aerobics, musa ukuwela kolu luhlu.

Ubunzima bokuphefumla bunokubangelwa ziimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Banokukhula ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iziqendu ezixhaphakileyo zokuphefumla kancinci okanye ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuphefumla ngamandla kunokuba ziimpawu zengxaki enkulu yezempilo efuna unyango. Kuya kufuneka uxoxe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuphefumla.

Iimeko zemiphunga ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla

Zininzi iimeko zemiphunga ezinokubangela ukuba ube nakho ukuphefumla nzima. Uninzi lwezi kufuna unyango kwangoko.

Isifo sombefu

Isifo sombefu kukukrala kunye nokunciphisa iindlela zomoya ezinokubangela:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukuvutha
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukukhohlela

Isifo sombefu sisifo esiqhelekileyo esingahluka ngokobunzima.

Ukukrala kwemiphunga

I-pneumonia sisifo semiphunga esinokubangela ukudumba kunye nokwanda kolwelo kunye nobofu emphungeni. Uninzi lweentlobo luyosulela. I-pneumonia inokuba yimeko esongela ubomi, ngenxa yoko unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukukhohlela
• iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukugodola
• ukubila
• ifiva
• iintlungu zemisipha
• ukudinwa

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)

I-COPD ibhekisa kwiqela lezifo ezikhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi kwemiphunga. Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zibandakanya:

• ukuvutha
• ukukhohlela rhoqo
• ukwanda kwemveliso yencindi
• amanqanaba eoksijini asezantsi
• ukuqina kwesifuba

I-Emphysema, ehlala ibangelwa kukutshaya, ikolu luhlu lwezifo.

Ukudibanisa iipulmonary

I-pulmonary embolism kukuvaleka kwenye okanye kweminye imithambo ekhokelela emiphungeni. Oku kuhlala kusisiphumo segazi elivela kwenye indawo emzimbeni, njengomlenze okanye isinqe, ukunyukela emphefumlweni. Oku kunokuba sisongelo ebomini kwaye kufuna unyango kwangoko.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukudumba komlenze
• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukukhohlela
• ukuvutha
• ukubila kakhulu
• izinga lentliziyo elingaqhelekanga
• isiyezi
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ibala eliluhlaza okwesikhumba

Uxinzelelo lwegazi

Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwimiphunga luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluchaphazela imithambo yemiphunga. Le meko ihlala ibangelwa kukuncipha okanye ukuqina kwale mithambo kwaye inokubangela ukusilela kwentliziyo. Iimpawu zale meko zihlala ziqala ngo:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ingxaki yokusebenzisa
• ukudinwa kakhulu

Emva kwexesha, iimpawu zinokufana kakhulu ne-pulmonary embolism.

Uninzi lwabantu abanale meko baya kuqaphela ukwanda komoya omfutshane ngokuhamba kwexesha. Intlungu yesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo ziimpawu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Croup

I-Croup yimeko yokuphefumula ebangelwa yintsholongwane ebukhali. Kuyaziwa ngokubangela ukukhwehlela okwahlukileyo.

Yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-croup. Abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala kunye neminyaka emi-3 ubudala ngabona basesichengeni soku.

Epiglottitis

I-Epiglottitis kukudumba kwethishu egubungele i-windpipe yakho, ngenxa yosulelo. Esi sisifo esisongela ubomi esifuna unyango kwangoko.

Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukuvuza amathe
• ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ubunzima bokuphefumla nokuginya
• izandi zokuphefumla ezingaqhelekanga
• Ukugodola
• ukudinwa

Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-epiglottis sinokuthintelwa ngugonyo lwe-haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib). Esi sitofu sokugonya ngokubanzi sinikwa kuphela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, kuba abantu abadala abanakufane bafumane usulelo lwe-Hib.

Iimeko zentliziyo ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla

Unokuzibona uziva uphefumla rhoqo ukuba unentliziyo. Kungenxa yokuba intliziyo yakho iyasokola ukupompa igazi eline-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela le ngxaki:

Imithambo yegazi

Imithambo yegazi (Coronary artery disease) (CAD) sisifo esenza ukuba imithambo enikezela igazi entliziyweni icuthe kwaye iqine. Le meko ikhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwegazi kuye entliziyweni, okunokonakalisa isigxina sentliziyo ngokusisigxina. Iimpawu kunye neempawu zikwabandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba (angina)
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo

Isifo sentliziyo

Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe, ngamanye amaxesha esibizwa ngokuba sisiphene sentliziyo, sibhekisa kwiingxaki ezizuzwe njengelifa kunye nokwakheka kwentliziyo. Ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ku:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukuphefumla
• isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga

Arrhythmias

I-Arrhythmias ziindidi zokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, ezichaphazela isingqi senhliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo, okubangela ukuba intliziyo ibethe ngokukhawuleza okanye icothe kakhulu. Abantu abaneemeko zentliziyo esele bekhona basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-arrhythmia.

Ukusilela kwentliziyo

Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo yokuxinana (CHF) kwenzeka xa izihlunu zentliziyo ziba buthathaka kwaye zingakwazi ukumpompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo emzimbeni wonke. Oku kuhlala kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kolwelo ngaphakathi nangapha kwemiphunga.

Ezinye iimeko zentliziyo ezinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla zibandakanya:

• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• iingxaki ngezivalo zentliziyo

Ezinye izizathu zobunzima bokuphefumla

Imiba yendalo esingqongileyo

Imeko yendalo esingqongileyo inokuchaphazela nokuphefumla, njenge:

• Ukuphikisana nothuli, ukungunda, okanye umungu
• uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo
• iindawo ezivaliweyo zomoya ezivela kwimpumlo exineneyo okanye phlegm yomqala
• yehlisa ukuthathwa kweoksijini ukusuka ekunyukeni ukuya kwindawo ephezulu

IHernatal hernia

I-hernia yokubeleka yenzeka xa icandelo eliphezulu lesisu liphuma ngaphaya kovalo esifubeni. Abantu abane-hernias enkulu yokuzalwa banokufumana oku:

• iintlungu zesifuba
• kunzima ukugwinya
• isilungulela

Amayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila zihlala ziphatha ii-hernias ezincinci zokuzalwa. I-hernias ezinkulu okanye ezincinci ezingaphenduliyo kunyango zingafuna utyando.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wobunzima bokuphefumla?

Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphefumla ukuba:

• amava oxinzelelo
• banezinto ezaliwa nokwaliwa
• unomphunga ongapheliyo okanye imeko yentliziyo

Ukutyeba kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko wobunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuzilolonga kakhulu kunokukubeka emngciphekweni weengxaki zokuphefumla, ngakumbi xa usenza umthambo ngamandla okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.

Iimpawu zokujonga

Uphawu oluphambili lweengxaki zokuphefumla kukuziva ngokungathi awukwazi ukuphefumla ioksijini eyaneleyo. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• isantya sokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukuvutha
• Iinzipho okanye imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• umbala oluthuthu okanye ongwevu
• ukubila okugqithisileyo
• iimpumlo ezivuthayo

Nxibelelana neenkonzo zongxamiseko ukuba ubunzima bakho bokuphefumla bufika ngequbuliso. Funa unyango kwangoko kuye nawuphina umntu obonakala ngathi uphefumle kancinci okanye uyekile. Emva kokuba ubize i-911, yenza i-CPR engxamisekileyo ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza njalo.

Ezinye iimpawu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, zinokubonisa ingxaki enkulu. Ezi ngxaki zinokubonisa uhlaselo lwe-angina, ukungabikho kweoksijini, okanye isifo sentliziyo. Iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele zibandakanya:

• ifiva
• intlungu okanye uxinzelelo esifubeni
• ukuvutha
• ukuqina emqaleni
• ukukhwehlela
• ukuphefumla okufutshane okufuna ukuba uhlale phantsi rhoqo
• ukuphefumla okufutshane okuvusayo ebusuku

Ukuphefumla ubunzima kubantwana abancinci

Iintsana nabantwana abancinci bahlala benengxaki yokuphefumla xa beneentsholongwane zokuphefumla. Iimpawu zokuphefumla zihlala zenzeka kuba abantwana abancinci abayazi indlela yokucoca iimpumlo zabo kunye nomqala. Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokukhokelela kubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla. Uninzi lwabantwana luyachacha kwezi meko ngonyango olufanelekileyo.

Croup

Croup sisifo sokuphefumla esihlala sibangelwa yintsholongwane. Abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kunye neminyaka emi-3 ubudala bathathwa njengeyona nto inokwenzeka ukuba bafumane i-croup, kodwa inokukhula kubantwana abadala. Ihlala iqala ngeempawu ezifana nengqele.

Olona phawu luphambili lokugula sisikhohlela esikhulu, esikhonkothayo. Ubunzima bokuphefumla bunokubangelwa kukukhohlela rhoqo. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ebusuku, ubusuku bokuqala nobesibini bokukhohlela kudla ngokuba kokona kubi kakhulu. Uninzi lweziganeko zecroup zisonjululwa kungaphelanga iveki.

Amanye amatyala abaluleke kakhulu anokufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

IBronchiolitis

I-Bronchiolitis yintsholongwane yentsholongwane yentsholongwane ehlala ichaphazela iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Ukuphefumla kwintsholongwane (RSV) sesona sizathu siphambili sale ngxaki. Isigulo sinokubonakala ngathi sinomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ekuqaleni, kodwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa sinokulandelwa ngu:

• ukukhohlela
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukuvutha

Amanqanaba eoksijini anokuba sezantsi kakhulu kwaye anokufuna unyango esibhedlele. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iintsana ziphila kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10.

Umntwana wakho ufuna unyango ukuba:

• ukonyuka okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla obungapheliyo
• bathatha ngaphezulu kokuphefumla okungama-40 ngomzuzu
• kufuneka uhlale uphefumle
• ukubuyisela umva, xa ulusu lwesifuba phakathi kweembambo nentamo lutshona nompefumlo ngamnye

Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sentliziyo okanye wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kuya kufuneka ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza xa uqaphela ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla.

Kufunyaniswa njani oku?

Ugqirha wakho uya kudinga ukufumanisa unobangela wobunzima bokuphefumla. Baza kukubuza ukuba unexesha elingakanani unengxaki, nokuba ithambile okanye inzima, nokuba ukuzilolonga komzimba kuyenza mbi na.

Emva kokujonga kwakhona imbali yakho yezonyango, ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya iivesi zakho zomoya, imiphunga kunye nentliziyo.

Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lomzimba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olunye okanye nangaphezulu, kubandakanya:

• iimvavanyo zegazi
• X-reyi yesifuba
• Ukuskena i-CT
• electrocardiogram (ECG okanye EKG)
• qeebloyi
• Uvavanyo lwemisebenzi yemiphunga

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lokuzilolonga ukuze abone ukuba intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga zisabela njani ekusebenzeni komzimba.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?

Unyango kubunzima bokuphefumla luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esisisiseko.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Ukuba unempumlo exineneyo, ukuzilolonga kakhulu, okanye ukunyuka intaba kwindawo eziphakamileyo kubangela iimpawu zakho, ukuphefumla kwakho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubuyele esiqhelweni ukuba ngaba usempilweni ngenye indlela. Iimpawu zethutyana ziya kusonjululwa xa ukubanda kwakho kuphelile, uyeke ukuzilolonga, okanye ubuyela kwindawo esezantsi.

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo

Ukuba uxinzelelo lubangela iingxaki zakho zokuphefumla, ungalunciphisa uxinzelelo ngokuphuhlisa iindlela zokulwa. Iindlela nje ezimbalwa zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zibandakanya:

• ukucamngca
• iingcebiso
• umthambo

Ukumamela umculo opholileyo okanye ukuthetha nomhlobo kunokukunceda ukuba usete kwakhona kwaye uphinde ugqibe.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neengxaki zakho zokuphefumla kwaye awunayo umniki-nkonzo oyintloko, unokujonga oogqirha kwindawo yakho ngokusebenzisa isixhobo seHealthline FindCare.

Amayeza

Obunye ubunzima bokuphefumla ziimpawu zesifo sentliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Kule meko, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza kunye nolunye unyango. Ukuba une-asthma, umzekelo, unokufuna ukusebenzisa i-inhaler kwangoko emva kokufumana iingxaki zokuphefumla.

Ukuba une-aleji, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-antihistamine yokunciphisa ukusabela komzimba komzimba. Ugqirha wakho unokuphinda akucebise ukuba uthintele izinto ezibangela ukungabikho komzimba njengothuli okanye impova.

Kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo, unokufuna unyango lweoksijini, umatshini wokuphefumla, okanye olunye unyango kunye nokubeka iliso esibhedlele.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla kancinane, unokufuna ukuzama amayeza anyangayo ekhaya kunye nonyango oluvela kugqirha.

Umoya opholileyo okanye omanzi unokunceda, ke thabatha umntwana wakho uye kumoya wasebusuku okanye kwigumbi lokuhlambela elinomphunga. Unokuzama ukusebenzisa i-humidifier epholileyo xa umntwana wakho elele.

Imibuzo neempendulo

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