Isokethi Yamehlo Ephukileyo

Umxholo

• Iindidi zokwahlukana
• Ukophuka komtya we-Orbital
• Ukuqhekeka kwamaphuli (okanye ukuqhekeka kodonga lomzimba)
• Ukuqhekeka kwetrapdoor
• Iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwesokethi yamehlo
• Ukuchonga ukwaphuka
• Ukunyanga ukwaphuka
• Ugqirha
• Ixesha lokubuyisela
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Ngaba oku kunokuthintelwa?

Ushwankathelo

Isokethi yamehlo, okanye orbit, yindebe yebhony ejikeleze iliso lakho. Amathambo asixhenxe ahlukeneyo enza isokethi.

Isokethi yamehlo iqulathe iliso lakho kunye nazo zonke izihlunu ezishukumisayo. Ngaphakathi kwisokethi kukho iincindi zakho zeenyembezi, imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, imisipha kunye nolunye ugcino-luvo.

Isokethi yamehlo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane. Nganye yenziwa ngamathambo ahlukeneyo. Unokophuka kwelinye okanye onke la malungu esokethi yamehlo:

• Inkqubo ye- udonga olungaphantsi, okanye umgangatho we-orbital, wenziwa ngumhlathi ongasentla (maxilla), inxalenye yesithambo sesidlele (i-zygomatic), kunye nenxalenye encinci yenkalakahla (palatine bone). Ukuqhekeka kumgangatho ongaphantsi kuxhaphake kakhulu kuqhushumbe ukuya kwicala lobuso. Oku kunokubakho ngenqindi, into engalunganga, okanye ingozi yemoto.
• Inkqubo ye- ithambo le-zygomatic ikwakha udonga lwethutyana, okanye lwangaphandle, kwicala lesokethi yamehlo. Iimbilini ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zihamba kule ndawo. Banokonakaliswa kukubethwa esidleleni okanye kwicala lobuso.
• Inkqubo ye- udonga oluphakathi yenziwa ikakhulu lithambo le-ethmoid elahlula impumlo yakho kwingqondo yakho. Ukubandezeleka okungathethekiyo empumlweni okanye kummandla wamehlo ngoyena nobangela wokuqhekeka eludongeni oluphakathi.
• Inkqubo ye- udonga oluphezulu, okanye uphahla, lwesokethi yamehlo lwenziwa yinxalenye yethambo elingaphambili, okanye ibunzi. Ukuqhekeka eludongeni oluphezulu, kodwa zinokwenzeka zodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo nomonakalo kwezinye iindawo ezimbini.

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba iipesenti ezingama-28 zabantu abanesokethi yamehlo banokwenzakala kwamehlo okunokuchaphazela umbono.

Iindidi zokwahlukana

Nawaphi na okanye onke amathambo asixhenxe e-orbital anokubandakanyeka kukophuka kwamehlo.

Ukuqhekeka kwesokethi yamehlo kunokuhlelwa:

Ukophuka komtya we-Orbital

Oku kwenzeka xa isokethi yamehlo ibethwa ngamandla ngento enzima, enje ngevili lokuqhuba kwingozi yemoto. Inxalenye yethambo inokuqhekeka kwaye ityhalelwe kwicala lesibetho.

Umonakalo uhlala kwindawo engaphezulu kwesinye kwisokethi yamehlo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuqhekeka komtya ojikelezayo lubandakanya zontathu izinto eziphambili zesokethi yamehlo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-tripod fracture, okanye i-zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC).

Ukuqhekeka kwamaphuli (okanye ukuqhekeka kodonga lomzimba)

Olu hlobo lokuqhekeka luqhele ukwenzeka xa ubethwe yinto enkulu kunesokethi yamehlo, enje ngenqindi okanye into engacacanga. Inokubangela iziqwenga ezininzi, okanye idluliselwe, ithambo.

Ukuqhuma kwenzeka xa inqindi okanye enye into ibetha iliso ibangela uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kulwelo lweliso. Olu xinzelelo ludluliselwa kwisokethi yamehlo, lubangela ukuba lwaphuke ngaphandle. Okanye, udonga lunokungena ngaphakathi ukusuka kumandla erim.

Ukuqhekeka kwetrapdoor

Ezi zezabantwana, kuba banamathambo aguquguqukayo kunabantu abadala. Endaweni yokuqhekeka, ithambo lesokethi yamehlo liguquka liye ngaphandle, kwaye kwangoko libuyele endaweni yalo. Yiyo loo nto igama elithi "isango elingumgibe."

Nangona amathambo engaphulwanga, ukuqhekeka kwethango kusenzakele kakhulu. Ingakhokelela ekonakaleni kwentliziyo okungapheliyo.

Iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwesokethi yamehlo

Iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwesokethi yamehlo zibandakanya:

• umbono ophindwe kabini okanye umbono ophunguliweyo
• ukudumba ijwabu leso
• intlungu, ukutyumka, ukukrazula, okanye ukopha ejikeleze iliso
• isicaphucaphu nokugabha (okuxhaphake kakhulu kwimigibe eqhekezayo yangaphandle)
• Iliso litshonile okanye likrunekile, okanye ijwabu leso elichophileyo
• Ukungakwazi ukuhambisa iliso lakho kwicala elithile

Ukuchonga ukwaphuka

Ugqirha wakho uya kuvavanya indawo yamehlo eyonakeleyo kunye nombono wakho. Baya kujonga kwakhona uxinzelelo lwamehlo akho. Ukuqhubeka koxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphakamileyo kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwe-optic nerve kunye nokungaboni.

Ugqirha wakho unoku-odola i-X-ray ukunceda ukufumanisa ukwaphuka kwamathambo esokethi yamehlo. Iskena se-CT sinokusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe zokulimala.

Ingcali yamehlo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmologist, iya kuba nenxaxheba ukuba kukho umonakalo kumbono okanye ekuhambeni kwamehlo. Ukuqhekeka kuphahla lwe-orbital kunokufuna ukubonisana nogqirha we-neurologist okanye i-neurosurgeon.

Ukunyanga ukwaphuka

Ukuqhekeka kwesokethi yamehlo akusoloko kufuna utyando. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba ukuphuka kwakho kunokuziphilisa.

Unokucetyiswa ukuba uphephe ukuvuthela impumlo yakho iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokonzakala. Oku kukuthintela usulelo ukusasazeka kwizono ukuya kwizicubu zamehlo nangona kukho indawo encinci kwithambo elaphukileyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokumisela ukutshiza okuphelisa impumlo ukunceda ukuthintela isidingo sokuphefumla okanye sokuthimla. Oogqirha abaninzi bakwaya amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo olungenzeki.

Ugqirha

Kukho ngaphezulu kweekhrayitheriya zokusebenzisa utyando kwiziqhushumbe. Nazi ezinye izizathu zoqhaqho olunokuba yimfuneko:

• Ukuba uqhubeka nokufumana umbono ophindwe kabini kwiintsuku emva kokulimala, kunokufuneka utyando. Umbono ophindwe kabini unokuba luphawu lomonakalo kwenye yezihlunu zamehlo ezinceda ukuhambisa iliso. Ukuba umbono ophindwe kabini uhamba ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi ubangelwe kukudumba kwaye awufuni nyango.
• Ukuba ukwenzakala kubangele ukuba iliso lityhalelwe ngasemva kwisokethi (enophthalmos), oku kunokuba luphawu lotyando.
• Ukuba isiqingatha esinye okanye ezingaphezulu zodonga oluphantsi zonakalisiwe, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe utyando ukuthintela ukukhubazeka ebusweni.

Ukuba kufuneka utyando, ugqirha wakho wotyando unokulinda ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokonzakala ukuvumela ukudumba ukuba kwehle. Oku kuvumela uvavanyo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi lwesokethi yamehlo.

Indlela eqhelekileyo yotyando kukusikwa okuncinci kwikona engaphandle yamehlo kunye nenye ngaphakathi kwinkophe yakho. Enye indlela, i-endoscopy, isetyenziswa linani elikhulayo loogqirha. Kule nkqubo, iikhamera zotyando kunye nezixhobo zifakwa emlonyeni okanye empumlweni.

Olu tyando ludinga ianesthesia ngokubanzi, okuthetha ukuba uyakube ulele inkqubo kwaye ngekhe uve ntlungu.

Ixesha lokubuyisela

Ukuba unokuhlinzwa, unokunikwa ithuba lokuhlala esibhedlele okanye kwindawo yokuhlinzwa. Xa sele usekhaya, uyakufuna uncedo kangangeentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine.

Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi anike i-antibiotics yomlomo, ii-corticosteroids ezinje nge-prednisone, kunye nababulali beentlungu, zihlala iiveki. Ugqirha uya kukucebisa ukuba usebenzise iipakethi zomkhenkce kuloo ndawo iveki. Kuya kufuneka uphumle, uphephe ukuvuthela impumlo yakho, kwaye uphephe umsebenzi onzima emva kotyando.

Uya kucelwa ukuba ubuyele kugqirha ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kotyando, kwaye mhlawumbi kwakhona kwiiveki ezimbini ezizayo.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Nangona iziseko zamehlo zinokuba yingozi, uninzi lwabantu luyachacha.

Ukuba uye wangena kotyando ngombono ophindwe kabini, inokuhlala ixesha elide njengeenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kotyando. Ukuba ayihambi emva kweenyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu, unokufuna utyando lwemisipha yamehlo okanye iiglasi ezikhethekileyo zokulungisa.

Ngaba oku kunokuthintelwa?

Ukunxiba iimpahla zokukhusela xa usebenza okanye xa usenza imidlalo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuqhekeka kwamehlo.

Iigoggles, izikhuselo zobuso ezibonakalayo, kunye neemaski zobuso zinokulunga, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomsebenzi.