Cachexia

Umxholo

• Ushwankathelo
• Iindidi ze-cachexia
• I-Cachexia kunye nomhlaza
• Oonobangela kunye neemeko ezinxulumene noko
• Iimpawu
• Izinketho zonyango
• Iingxaki
• Imbonakalo

Ushwankathelo

I-Cachexia (ebizwa kuh-KEK-see-uh) sisifo "esimoshayo" esibangela ukwehla kakhulu kobunzima kunye nokuchitheka kwemisipha, kwaye kunokubandakanya ukulahleka kwamafutha omzimba. Esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abakumanqanaba okugqibela ezifo ezinje ngomhlaza, i-HIV okanye i-AIDS, i-COPD, isifo sezintso, kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo yokuxinana (CHF).

Igama elithi “cachexia” livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi “kakos” nelithi “hexis,” elithetha “imeko embi.”

Umahluko phakathi kwe-cachexia kunye nezinye iintlobo zokunciphisa umzimba kukuba ayizibandakanyi. Abantu abayiphuhlisayo abalahli ubunzima ngenxa yokuba bezama ukunciphisa ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Bancipha emzimbeni ngenxa yokuba batya kancinci ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwangelo xesha, utshintsho lwabo kwimetabolism, olubangela ukuba umzimba wabo wophule izihlunu ezininzi. Zombini ukudumba kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngamathumba kunokuchaphazela ukutya kwaye kubangele ukuba umzimba utshise iikhalori ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-cachexia yinxalenye yempendulo yomzimba ekulweni izifo. Ukufumana amandla angakumbi okuhambisa ingqondo xa iivenkile ezinesondlo ziphantsi, umzimba wophula izihlunu namafutha.

Umntu one-cachexia akapheleli nje ekunciphiseni umzimba. Baye babe buthathaka kwaye babe buthathaka kangangokuba umzimba wabo ube sesichengeni sokosuleleka, nto leyo ebenza ukuba babesengozini yokufa kwimeko yabo. Ukufumana nje isondlo okanye iikhalori akwanele ukubuyisela umva i-cachexia.

Iindidi ze-cachexia

Zintathu iindidi eziphambili ze-cachexia:

• Precachexia ichazwa njengokulahleka ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezintlanu zomzimba wakho ngelixa unesifo esaziwayo okanye isifo. Kuhamba kunye nelahleko yokutya, ukudumba, kunye notshintsho kwimetabolism.
• Cachexia yilahleko engaphezulu kweepesenti ezi-5 ubunzima bomzimba wakho ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezili-12 okanye ngaphantsi, xa ungazami ukunciphisa umzimba kwaye unesifo esaziwayo okanye isifo. Ezinye iindlela zibandakanya ukuphulukana namandla emisipha, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukudinwa kunye nokudumba.
• I-cachexia enqabileyo isebenza kubantu abanomhlaza. Kukulahleka kobunzima, ukulahleka kwemisipha, ukulahleka komsebenzi, kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni kunyango lomhlaza.

I-Cachexia kunye nomhlaza

Ukuya kuthi ga kubantu abanomhlaza kwinqanaba lokugqibela bane-cachexia. Kufutshane nabantu abanomhlaza babulawa yile meko.

Iiseli zethumba zikhupha izinto ezinciphisa ukutya. Umhlaza kunye nonyango lwayo kunokubangela isicaphucaphu esomeleleyo okanye konakalise umkhondo wokugaya ukutya, kusenza ukuba kube nzima ukutya kunye nokufunxa izakhamzimba.

Njengoko umzimba ufumana izakhamzimba ezimbalwa, utshisa amanqatha kunye nezihlunu. Iiseli zomhlaza zisebenzisa okushiyekileyo okushiyekileyo ukubanceda baphile kwaye bande.

Oonobangela kunye neemeko ezinxulumene noko

I-Cachexia yenzeka kwinqanaba lokugqibela leemeko ezinje:

• umhlaza
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo (CHF)
• isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD)
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• icystic fibrosis
• irheumatoid Arthritis

Yahluke njani i-cachexia esekwe kwisifo. Ichaphazela:

• yabantu abanesifo sentliziyo esine-congestive okanye i-COPD
• Ukufikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abaneesisu kunye nezinye i-cancer ze-GI eziphezulu
• Ukuya kuthi ga kubantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga

Iimpawu

Abantu abane-cachexia banciphisa ubunzima kunye nobunzima bemisipha. Abanye abantu bakhangeleka bengondlekanga. Abanye babonakala benobunzima obuqhelekileyo.

Ukuze ufumane ukuba une-cachexia, kuya kufuneka uphulukane neepesenti ezintlanu zomzimba wakho kwisithuba seenyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye unesifo esaziwayo okanye isifo. Kuya kufuneka ubuncinci ube nezi ziphumo zintathu:

• ukunciphisa amandla emisipha
• ukudinwa
• ukulahleka kwesidlo (anorexia)
• isalathiso sobunzima obungenamafutha asezantsi (ukubala kusekwe kubunzima bakho, amanqatha omzimba, kunye nokuphakama)
• amanqanaba aphezulu okudumba achongwe kuvavanyo lwegazi
• i-anemia (iiseli ezibomvu ezisezantsi)
• amanqanaba asezantsi eprotini, ialbumin

Izinketho zonyango

Akukho lunyango oluthile okanye indlela yokubuyisela umva i-cachexia. Injongo yonyango kukuphucula iimpawu kunye nomgangatho wobomi.

Unyango lwangoku lwe-cachexia lubandakanya:

• ukutya okuvuselelayo okufana ne-megestrol acetate (Megace)
• iziyobisi, ezinje nge-dronabinol (Marinol), ukuphucula isicaphucaphu, ukuthanda ukutya, kunye nomoya
• amayeza anciphisa ukuvuvukala
• utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, izongezo zesondlo
• umthambo owenziweyo

Iingxaki

I-Cachexia inokuba mandundu kakhulu. Inokunyanzelisa unyango kwimeko eyibangeleyo kwaye yehlise impendulo yakho kolo nyango. Abantu abanomhlaza abane-cachexia abakwazi ukunyamezela i-chemotherapy kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango abafuna ukuziphila.

Ngenxa yezi ngxaki, abantu abane-cachexia banobomi obusezantsi. Banekamva elibi kakhulu.

Imbonakalo

Okwangoku alukho unyango lwe-cachexia. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bafunda ngakumbi malunga neenkqubo ezibangela oko. Oko bakufumanisileyo kuphembelele uphando kumachiza amatsha ukulwa nenkcitho.

Inani lezifundo liphande izinto ezikhusela okanye ezakha kwakhona izihlunu kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuzuza komzimba. ijolise ekuthinteleni iiproteni i-activin kunye ne-myostatin, ethintela izihlunu ukuba zingakhuli.