Ngaba abantu basetyhini banokuba yi-Colourblind?

Umxholo

• Ngaba umcimbi wakho wesondo?
• Isebenza njani imfuza
• Imfuza yacacisa
• Kutheni le nto isenzeka?
• Indlela yokuziqhelanisa
• Ukubeka phambili ukukhanya okuhle
• Faka ilebheli kwimpahla yakho
• Pheka ngezinye iindlela
• Sebenzisa iindlela zokufikelela
• Sebenzisa iiapps
• Ezinye iinyani
• Umgca wezantsi

Umbala wobumfama, okwabizwa ngokuba kukusilela kombala, ubonakaliswa kukungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo, njengobomvu, luhlaza, okanye luhlaza.

Isizathu esiphambili sombala wobumfama kukungabikho kombala oqaqambileyo kwii-cones zamehlo. Le meko izuzwe njengelifa ichaphazela ikakhulu abesilisa, kodwa abantu basetyhini banokubala umbala.

Kule nqaku, siza kujonga indlela i-genetics echaphazela ngayo ubumfama bombala, indlela yokuziqhelanisa ne-colorblind, kunye nezinye iinyani ezibalulekileyo malunga nokungaboni umbala.

Ngaba umcimbi wakho wesondo?

Umbala wobumfama ikakhulu yimeko yelifa, okuthetha ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona ezinye izizathu ezingezizo ezokuzalwa zobumfama bombala, ezinje:

• isifo seswekile
• iimeko zamehlo ezithile
• iimeko zemithambo-luvo
• ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokungaboni umbala ngumbala obomvu oluhlaza okombala. Ngale meko, ufuzo ludluliselwa kumzali luye emntwaneni kwi-X chromosome.

Ehlabathini lonke, i-1 kwi-12 yamadoda kunye ne-1 kuma-200 yabasetyhini yi-colorblind.

Okwangoku ithi ukungaboni ngamehlo kuchaphazela ama-8 eepesenti yamadoda aseCaucasus. Ngokwenkcubeko enkulu ukusuka kwi-2014, ubumfama bombala bukwachaphazela:

• Iipesenti eziyi-1.4 zamadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika
• Iipesenti ezi-2.6 zamadoda aseSpain
• Iipesenti ezi-3.1 zamadoda aseAsia
• Ipesenti ye-0-0.5 yabo bonke abantu basetyhini

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni imiba yezesondo kwaye kutheni amadoda esenokwenzeka ukuba abe yi-colorblind, masiqhubeke sixoxe ngeenkcukacha zendlela ufuzo olusebenza ngayo.

Isebenza njani imfuza

Abafazi bebhayiloji banee-X chromosomes ezimbini. Amadoda ebhayoloji anama-chromosomes e-XY.

Uhlobo lobumfama ngombala obomvu oluhlaza luhlobo oluhambelana ne-X. X-enxibelelene ufuzo oluphindaphindiweyo lubonakaliswa ukuba zikhona kuzo zombini ii-chromosomes zamabhinqa, nakwi-X enye ye-chromosome kumadoda.

Imfuza yacacisa

• umntwana ozelwe engumfazi uya kudinga ilifa ii-chromosomes ezimbini ze-X kunye nomphathi ophetheyo oza kuzalwa enemibala
• umntwana ozelwe eyindoda kufuneka alidle ilifa enye X chromosome kunye nomphathi ophetheyo oza kuzalwa enemibala

Umbala wobumfama awuqhelekanga kubantu basetyhini kuba kukho amathuba amancinci okuba umntu obhinqileyo azuze ilifa zombini zofuzo ezifunekayo kwimeko. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni inye kuphela imfuza efunekayo kumbala obomvu oluhlaza kumadoda, ixhaphake kakhulu.

Kutheni le nto isenzeka?

Kubantu abanombono oqhelekileyo wombala, kukho iifotoreceptor emehlweni, ezibizwa ngokuba ziicones, ezinombala oxanduva lokujonga ubude bamaza okukhanya. Le mibala yokujonga ukukhanya inceda amehlo ahlule phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo.

Kubantu abangaboniyo ngombala, ukunqongophala kweebala ezithile kuthetha ukuba amehlo awanako ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala eqaqambileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zobumfama bombala, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye luchongwa ziicones ezichaphazelekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukungaboni kakuhle ngombala kubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemvakalelo kwiicones. Ngamanye amaxesha, enye yee-cones ayinabuthathaka bokukhanya, ishiya kuphela ii-cones ezimbini ezisebenzayo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zontathu ii-cones zilahlekile kwimvakalelo yokukhanya, zikhokelela kumbono ngaphandle kombala.

Ngenxa yezi mpawu zahlukileyo zobumfama bombala, iintlobo eziphambili zobumfama bombala zibandakanya:

• Umbala obomvu oluhlaza obomvu. Le yeyona fomu iqhelekileyo, ibangela inkathazo yokwahlula phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza.
  • Protanomaly kuxa umbala obomvu ubonakala ufana noluhlaza.
  • I-Deuteranomaly kuluhlaza xa kujongeka kubomvu.
  • Protanopia kwaye mzantsiocop kuxa ungeke ukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza.
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mthubi. Le yeyona fomu iqhelekileyo, ibangela ingxaki ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala emininzi, kubandakanya iblue, luhlaza, tyheli, nobomvu.
  • Tritanomaly kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza kubonakala kufana, naxa umbala omthubi nobomvu ufana.
  • I-Tritanopia kuxa unengxaki yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kwee-shades ezininzi ezinxulunyaniswa nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephuzi (luhlaza, mfusa, bomvu, pinki, njl.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lokungaboni umbala lukhona, olubizwa ngokuba yimfama epheleleyo yombala, okanye i-achromatopsia. Le meko inqabile ngokumangalisayo kwaye ikhokelela kumbono we-monochromatic, okanye umbono ongenambala. Le fomu yeyona inqabileyo kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa.

Indlela yokuziqhelanisa

Ukuba unemibala engaboniyo, kuya kufuneka wenze utshintsho kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ukuze uvumelane nemeko yakho.

Ukubeka phambili ukukhanya okuhle

Iicones emehlweni zisebenza kuphela emini, oko kuthetha ukuba xa ukukhanya kungalunganga kunzima ukubona umbala. Ukuba unobumpumputhe bombala, ukukhanya okungalunganga kunokwenza kube nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala. Kubalulekile ukuba uqiniseke ukuba ikhaya lakho kunye nendawo yokusebenza ilayite ngokwaneleyo.

Faka ilebheli kwimpahla yakho

Imisebenzi elula, njengokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi impahla oza kuyinxiba, kunokuba nzima ukuba uyimbala yobumfama. Ukuba uthenga iimpahla ezintsha, ukuthenga nomhlobo onokuhlukanisa imibala kuluncedo xa usakha ikhabethe. Ukufakwa kweekhowudi imibala kunye neelebheli okanye amacandelo kunokwenza kube lula ukwahlula phakathi kweempahla osele unazo.

Pheka ngezinye iindlela

Kukangaphi uvile, "pheka inkukhu ide ingabi pinki" okanye "bhaka iimuffin zide zibe mdaka"? Abanye abantu abanemfama engumbala, kunzima (okanye akunakwenzeka) ukulandela imikhomba ebonakalayo enje.

Ukuba u-colorblind, ukuthembela kubushushu, ukuchukumisa, kunye nesandi ngelixa upheka kunokukunceda kwiindawo apho umbono ungenako.

Sebenzisa iindlela zokufikelela

Uninzi lwe-elektroniki zale mihla, ezinje ngeefowuni, iilaptops, kunye neeTV, zibonelela ngokufikelela kubantu abakhubazekileyo.

Ukuba ungumbala wobumfama, unokufumana ithuba lokuseta imibala eyahlukeneyo kwezi zixhobo. Oku kunokwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngaphandle kokubona imibala yoqobo.

Sebenzisa iiapps

Kukho ezinye iiapps ezinokunika ukufikelela kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, Umbala we-Blind Pal yinkqubo ye-iPhone enceda abasebenzisi be-colorblind ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo kwimifanekiso.

Ungasebenzisa ii -apps zoncedo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efuna umahluko wemibala, njengokukhetha iimpahla oza kuzinxiba okanye ukukhetha imveliso esitsha oza kuyitya.

Ezinye iinyani

Ukuba nemfama ngombala kunokuchaphazela ubomi bakho bobuchwephesha. Iindlela ezithile zomsebenzi ezixhomekeke kubuqaqawuli bemibala, ezinje ngokuba ngumlungisi weenwele okanye umyili wezinto zangaphakathi, kunzima ngakumbi kubantu abenza imibala ngebala.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho imisebenzi emininzi eya kukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokusemandleni akho ngaphandle kombala opheleleyo.

Ngelixa lungekho unyango lokungaboni umbala, kusenokubakho izisombululo ezinokunceda ukuphucula indlela abanye abantu ababona ngayo imibala. Ungenelelo olunokubakho lokungaboni ngombala usebenzisa izixhobo ezibonakalayo njengeiglasi kunye neelensi zonxibelelwano.

Ngelixa iilensi ezikhethekileyo zingenako "ukwenza" imibala engabonwa ngumntu ongumbala, inokunceda ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala ebonakalayo.

Umgca wezantsi

Umbala wobumfama yimeko yelifa. Ihlala idluliswa isuka kumama iye kunyana, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu ababhinqileyo babebalbind, ngokunjalo.

Zininzi iintlobo zobumfama obunokubakho ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni yeyiphi na imibala yeso echaphazelekayo.Ngelixa okwangoku kungekho lonyango lokungaboni umbala, uhlengahlengiso kwindlela yokuphila kunye nongenelelo lonyango olunokunceda ekufikelelekeni kwemihla ngemihla kwabantu abakule meko.