Yintoni uSulelo lwe-COVID-19 oluQhelekileyo?

Umxholo

• Zithini izifo zosulelo?
• Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba izitofu azisebenzi?
• Ziqheleke kangakanani iimeko zoPhuculo?
• Yintoni ongayenza ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo esosulelayo
• Uphengululo lwe

Kunyaka ophelileyo, abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba ihlobo lowama-2021 linokubonakala njani emva komqala wobhubhane we-COVID-19. Kwilizwe eligonywe emva kokugonywa, iindibano ezingenamakhonkco nabantu obathandayo ziya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye nezicwangciso zokubuyela eofisini ziya kuqhubeka. Kwaye okwethutyana, kwezinye iindawo, yayiyinyani leyo. Ukuqhubela phambili ukuya ku-Agasti ka-2021, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kuvakala ngokungathi iglowubhu ithathe inyathelo elikhulu ukubuyela umva ekulweni inoveli coronavirus.

Nangona abantu abazizigidi ezili-164 eUnited States begonyelwe i-COVID-19 kukho iimeko ezinqabileyo apho abantu abagonywe ngokupheleleyo banokufumana inoveli coronavirus, ebizwa ngokuba "ziimeko zokuphumelela" ngamaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo. (Idibeneyo: UCatt Sadler uyagula nge-COVID-19 ngaphandle kokuba ugonyiwe ngokupheleleyo)

Kodwa yintoni intsingiselo yosulelo lwe-COVID-19, ngokuchanekileyo? Kwaye ziqheleke kangakanani-kwaye ziyingozi-zinjani? Masingene ngaphakathi.

Zithini izifo zosulelo?

Usulelo oluqhawukayo lwenzeka xa umntu ogonywe ngokupheleleyo (kwaye ebeneentsuku ezili-14 ubuncinci) efumana intsholongwane, ngokutsho kweCDC. Abo bafumana ityala eliphumeleleyo ngaphandle kokuba begonyelwe i-COVID-19 banokuba neempawu ezibuthathaka okanye banokuba ne-asymptomatic, ngokwe-CDC. Ezinye zeempawu ezinxulunyaniswa nokuqhekeka kosulelo lwe-COVID-19, ezinje ngeempumlo ezibalekayo, azikho qatha kuneempawu ezibonakalayo ezidla ngokudityaniswa ne-COVID-19, njengokuphefumla kancinci kunye nokuphefumla nzima, ngokwe-CDC.

Kwelo nqaku, nangona kwenzeka amatyala okuphumelela, inani leziganeko zokuphumelela ezibangela ukugula okunzima, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, okanye ukufa kusezantsi kakhulu, ngokweCleveland Clinic- kuphela malunga neepesenti ze-0.0037 zabantu baseMelika abagonyiweyo, ngokwezibalo zabo.

Ngelixa ingaqwalaselwa njengetyala lempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuba umntu wosulelwe yi-COVID-19 ngaphambi okanye kwakamsinya nje emva kokugonywa, kusekho ithuba lokuba bahle nale ntsholongwane, ngokweCDC. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba umntu khange abenalo ixesha elaneleyo lokwakha ukhuseleko kwisitofu sokugonya - aka iprotein ye-antibody eyenziwa ngumxokomelwano wakho wokugonyeka, othatha malunga neeveki ezimbini. — basenokugula.

Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba izitofu azisebenzi?

Ngokwenyani, iimeko zokuphumelela kulindeleke ukuba zenzeke phakathi kwabantu abagonyiweyo. Kungenxa yokuba akukho sitofu lihlala lisebenza nge-100 lepesenti ekuthinteleni ukugula kwabo bagonyiweyo, ngokweCDC. Kwezilingo zeklinikhi, iyeza lokugonya le-Pfizer-BioNTech lafunyanwa linama-95 eepesenti asebenzayo ekuthinteleni usulelo; iyeza lokugonya laseModerna lafunyaniswa ukuba lisebenza ngokukuko ekuthinteleni usulelo; kwaye iyeza lokugonya likaJohnson & Johnson / Janssen lafunyanwa lisebenza ngokukuko i-66.3%, konke ngokwe-CDC.

Oko kwathiwa, njengokuba intsholongwane iqhubeka iguquka, kunokubakho iintlobo ezintsha ezingathintelwanga ngokufanelekileyo sisitofu sokugonya, esifana nokwahluka kwe-Delta (ngakumbi kuloo sec), ngokwe-WHO; nangona kunjalo, utshintsho akufuneki luze luwenze angasebenzi ngokupheleleyo izitofu, kwaye kufuneka zisabonelela ngokhuseleko oluthile. (Idibeneyo: Ukusebenza kukaPfizer kwiDosi yesithathu ye-COVID-19 Vaccine ethi 'Yomelele' yokuKhusela)

Ziqheleke kangakanani iimeko zoPhuculo?

Ukusukela nge-28 kaMeyi, ngo-2021, li-10,262 lilonke lamatyala e-COVID-19 aye axelwa kumazwe angama-46 ase-US nakwimimandla, ngeepesenti ezingama-27 ekuxelwe ukuba asymptomatic, ngokwedatha yeCDC. Kula matyala, iipesenti ezilishumi zabaguli ezibhedlele kwaye iipesenti ezi-2 zafa. Idatha entsha yeCDC (ehlaziyiweyo yokugqibela ngoJulayi 26, 2021), ibalile inani elipheleleyo le-6,587 yokuqhekeka kwamatyala e-COVID-19 apho abaguli babelaliswe esibhedlele okanye besweleka, kubandakanya ukufa kwabantu abayi-1,263; nangona kunjalo, umbutho awuqinisekanga nge-100 ekhulwini ukuba mangaphi amatyala okuphumelela akhoyo. Inani le-COVID-19 losulelo olwenziweyo lokuchaphazeleka oluchazwe kwi-CDC kunokwenzeka ukuba "lixabiso eliphantsi lazo zonke izifo ze-SARS-CoV-2 phakathi" kogonyo olupheleleyo, ngokwe-org. Iimpawu ezinikiweyo zosulelo olwenziweyo zinokudideka kunye nokubanda okuqhelekileyo-kwaye unikwe inyani yokuba iimeko ezininzi zokuphumelela zinokuthi zibonakalise- abantu banokuziva bengafuneki kuvavanywa okanye bafune unyango.

Kutheni, kanye, iimeko zempumelelo zenzeka? Kwelinye, umahluko weDelta ubangela ingxaki ethile. Olu hlobo lutsha lwentsholongwane lubonakala lusasazeka ngokulula kwaye luza nomngcipheko omkhulu wokulaliswa esibhedlele, ngokutsho kweAmerican Society for Microbiology. Ngapha koko, uphando lokuqala lubonisa ukuba izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA (Pfizer neModerna) ziipesenti ezingama-88 kuphela ezisebenzayo ngokuchasene neempawu zeDelta umahluko xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwawo kweepesenti ezingama-93 ngokuchasene nokwahluka kweAlfa.

Qwalasela olu phononongo olukhutshwe yi-CDC ngoJulayi luchaza ukuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 kwamatyala angama-470 eProvincetown, Massachusetts: Ikota yesithathu yabo bosulelekileyo baye bagonywa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukwahluka kweDelta kwafunyanwa uninzi lweesampulu ezihlalutywe ngokwemfuza, ngokutsho Idatha yombutho. "Imithamo ephezulu yentsholongwane [ubungakanani bentsholongwane umntu osulelekileyo anokuba nayo egazini lakhe] abonisa ukwanda kwengozi yokosulela kunye nokuphakamisa inkxalabo yokuba, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo, abantu abagonyelwe iDelta banokudlulisela intsholongwane, utshilo uRochelle Walensky, MD , Kunye nomlawuli weCDC, ngolwesiHlanu, ngokweINew York Times. Ewe, uphononongo lwaseTshayina lubanga ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane egazini we-delta uphezulu ngokuphindwe kali-1,000 kuneentlobo zangaphambili ze-COVID, kwaye okukhona uphezulu umthamo wentsholongwane egazini, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu asasaze intsholongwane kwabanye.

Ngenxa yezi ziphumo, i-CDC isandula ukuzalisekisa isikhokelo semaski esihlaziyiweyo sogonyo olupheleleyo, icebisa abantu ukuba bazinxibe ngaphakathi ezindlini kwiindawo apho usulelo luphezulu, kuba abantu abagonyiweyo basenako ukugula kwaye basasaze intsholongwane, ngokweCDC.

Yintoni ongayenza ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo esosulelayo

Ke, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ubutyhilelwe umntu ovavanywe une-COVID-19 kodwa wena ugonywe ngokupheleleyo? Kulula; kuvavanywe. I-CDC icebisa ukuba kuvavanywe iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokuvezwa, nokuba awunampawu. Kwiphepha le-flip, ukuba uziva ugula-nokuba iimpawu zakho ziphakathi kwaye ucinga ukuba kuyabanda nje-kusafuneka ukuba uvavanywe.

Nangona i-COVID-19 isavela-kwaye, ewe, iimeko zokuphumelela zinokwenzeka - izitofu zokugonya zihlala zingabakhuseli abakhulu ekulweni ubhubhane. Oko, kunye nokwenza ucoceko lomntu (ukuhlamba izandla, ukugubungela ukuthimla kwakho kunye nokukhohlela, ukuhlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula, njl.

Ulwazi kweli bali luchanekile ngexesha lokushicilelwa. Njengoko uhlaziyo malunga ne-coronavirus ye-COVID-19 luqhubeka nokuvela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nezindululo kweli bali zitshintshile ukusukela ekupapashweni kwayo. Siyakukhuthaza ukuba ujonge rhoqo ngezixhobo ezinjenge-CDC, i-WHO, kunye nesebe lezempilo likarhulumente kwindawo yakho yokufumana olona lwazi lwanamhlanje kunye neengcebiso.

Uphengululo lwe