Ngaba Unokufa Ngenxa Yomkhuhlane?

Umxholo

• Basweleka njani abantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?
• Ngubani osengozini yokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane?
• Uthintela njani iingxaki kumkhuhlane
• Umgca wezantsi

Bangaphi abantu ababulawa ngumkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane wexesha lonyaka ulosuleleko lwentsholongwane oludla ngokuqala ukusasazeka ekwindla kwaye lubethe phezulu ngexesha leenyanga zobusika. Inokuqhubeka ukuya entwasahlobo- kude kube ngoMeyi- kwaye ithambekele ekupheliseni kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni. Ngelixa uninzi lweziganeko zomkhuhlane zisombulula ngokwazo, umkhuhlane unokuba sengozini yobomi ukuba iingxaki ezinjenge-pneumonia zivela ecaleni kwawo.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) aqikelela ukuba kukho irekhodi eliphezulu e-United States kwisizini ka-2017-2018.

Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukulandelela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba mangaphi amatyala omkhuhlane nyaka ngamnye akhokelela ekufeni ngenxa yeengxaki. Amazwe akudingeki ukuba axele ukuxilongwa komkhuhlane kubantu abadala kwi-CDC, ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukufa kwabantu abadala okunxulunyaniswa nomkhuhlane kuhamba phantsi kwengxelo.

Ngaphezulu, abantu abadala abahlali bavavanyelwa umkhuhlane xa begula, kodwa endaweni yoko bafumaneke benemeko enxulumene noko.

Basweleka njani abantu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Abantu bahlala benze impazamo kumkhuhlane ombi, kuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane zilinganisa ukubanda. Xa ubamba umkhuhlane, unokufumana ukukhwehlela, ukuthimla, impumlo egudileyo, ilizwi elirhawuzelelayo, kunye nomqala obuhlungu.

Kodwa umkhuhlane unokuqhubela phambili kwiimeko ezinje nge-pneumonia, okanye wenze mandundu eminye imiba engapheliyo njengesifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo okuxineneyo, okunokusongela ubomi ngokukhawuleza.

Umkhuhlane ungakhokelela ngqo ekufeni xa intsholongwane ibangela ukudumba okukhulu emiphungeni. Xa oku kusenzeka, kunokubangela ukusilela okukhawulezileyo kokuphefumla kuba imiphunga yakho ayinakuthutha ioksijini eyaneleyo kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Umkhuhlane unokubangela ukuba ingqondo yakho, intliziyo, okanye izihlunu zivuthe. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-sepsis, imeko engxamisekileyo enokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa kwangoko.

Ukuba uhlakulela usulelo lwesibini ngelixa unomkhuhlane, oko kunokubangela ukuba izitho zakho zingaphumeleli. Iibhaktheriya ezivela kulolu sulelo zingangena kwigazi lakho kwaye zibangele i-sepsis, ngokunjalo.

Kubantu abadala, iimpawu zobungozi obusongela ubomi bomkhuhlane zibandakanya:

• ndiziva ndiphefumla kancinci
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• ukudideka
• ndiziva ngesiyezi ngesiquphe
• iintlungu zesisu eziqatha
• iintlungu esifubeni
• ukugabha kakhulu okanye okuqhubekayo

Iimpawu ezisongela ubomi kwiintsana zibandakanya:

• iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kune-100.3˚F (38˚C) kwiintsana kwiinyanga ezintathu okanye ngaphantsi
• ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komchamo (kungamanzisi amanabukeni amaninzi)
• ukungakwazi ukutya
• ukungakwazi ukuvelisa iinyembezi
• ukuxhuzula

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane ongxamisekileyo kubantwana abancinci zibandakanya:

• ukucaphuka nokwala ukubanjwa
• ukungakwazi ukusela ngokwaneleyo, kukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni
• ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• ukuqina okanye iintlungu entanyeni
• intloko engancitshiswa kukunciphisa iintlungu ekhawuntareni
• ingxaki yokuphefumla
• iblue tinge kulusu, esifubeni, okanye ebusweni
• ukungakwazi ukusebenzisana
• ubunzima bokuvuka
• ukuxhuzula

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki- kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba bafe - ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Xa amajoni akho omzimba ebuthathaka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iintsholongwane kunye nosulelo ngendlela ebukhali. Kwaye umzimba wakho uya kuba nexesha elinzima kungekuphela nje ukulwa nabo, kodwa nokulwa naluphi na usulelo olulandelayo olunokuthi lukhule.

Umzekelo, ukuba sele unayo i-asthma, isifo seswekile, isifo se-autoimmune, isifo semiphunga, okanye umhlaza, ukufumana umkhuhlane kunokubangela ukuba iimeko zibe mandundu. Ukuba unesifo sezintso, ukufumana i-dehydrated kumkhuhlane kunokuyonakalisa umsebenzi wakho wezintso.

Ngubani osengozini yokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 (ngakumbi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2) kunye nabantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinzima kumkhuhlane, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nokufa. Abanye abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokubulawa ngumkhuhlane kubandakanya:

• abantwana abaneminyaka eli-18 nangaphantsi abathatha amayeza asetyenziselwa i-aspirin- okanye i-salicylate
• Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abangaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini emva kokubeleka
• nabani na oba nesifo esinganyangekiyo
• abantu abaye baxhathisa amajoni omzimba
• abantu abahlala kwinkathalelo yexesha elide, indawo yokuhlala encedisiweyo, okanye amakhaya abalupheleyo
• abantu abane-BMI engama-40 okanye ngaphezulu
• Abaxhamli beenkonzo ezithatha amayeza okuthintela ukwaliwa
• abantu abahlala kwigumbi elikufutshane (njengamalungu omkhosi)
• abantu abane-HIV okanye i-AIDS

Abantu abadala abangama-65 nangaphezulu, kubandakanya abantu abadala, kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nezifo ezinganyangekiyo okanye amajoni omzimba abuthathaka kwaye bathambekele ekubeni sesichengeni sokosuleleka njenge-pneumonia. Kwelinye icala, abantwana bakholisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba babe ne-immune over-reaction kwi-flu strains abangakhange babhence kuyo ngaphambili.

Uthintela njani iingxaki kumkhuhlane

Abantu abagula ngumkhuhlane banokuwanciphisa amathuba abo okuba neengxaki ngokuqaphela ngakumbi iimpawu abahlangabezana nazo. Umzekelo, ukuziva uphefumla kancinci ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo yomkhuhlane.

Ukuba unomkhuhlane kwaye uqhubeka usiba mbi endaweni yokuba ngcono, eso sisalathiso esihle lixesha lokuba ubone ugqirha wakho.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane kufuneka zihlale iveki kuphela, kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba uzinciphise ngonyango ekhaya. Ukuthatha amayeza e-counter-counter-counter for fever, ama-body aches, kunye nokudibanisa kufuneka kusebenze. Nangona kunjalo, akusoloko kunjalo.

Ngelixa uninzi lweentsholongwane ziqhuba ikhosi yazo ngokwazo, akufuneki uzame ukulinda iimpawu ezisiya zisiba mandundu. Ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo kumkhuhlane ngamanye amaxesha kufuna unyango, kunye nolwelo oluninzi kunye nokuphumla.

Ukuba umkhuhlane ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza antiviral anciphisa ixesha lweempawu zakho.

Umgca wezantsi

Ngelixa umkhuhlane uhlala ungoyikisi ubomi, kungcono ube kwicala elikhuselekileyo.

Unokuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kumkhuhlane, njengokuhlamba izandla ngamanzi ashushu anesepha. Gwema ukuthinta umlomo, amehlo, okanye impumlo, ngakumbi xa ubuphandle esidlangalaleni ngexesha lomkhuhlane.

Elona thuba lakho lihle ekuthinteleni umkhuhlane kukufumana isitofu sokugonya minyaka le, nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lomkhuhlane.

Eminye iminyaka isebenza ngakumbi kuneminye, kodwa ayikaze ibenzakalise ukuba nomaleko okhuselekileyo wokhuselo kwinto ebonakalisa ukuba sisifo esisongela ubomi kumawakawaka abantu minyaka le. Qho ngonyaka, kufikelela kwizintlobo ezine ezibandakanyiweyo kwisitofu sokugonya.

Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane kuyanceda ukukhusela abantu obathandayo ekubambeni umkhuhlane kuwe. Ngelixa usenokuba sempilweni, unokuwubamba umkhuhlane kwaye ngokungazi uwudlulisele kumntu ongafakwanga kwisifo.

I-CDC icebisa izitofu zokugonya umkhuhlane kuye wonke umntu ongaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6. Okwangoku zikhona iifom zesitofu sokutofa kunye nesitshizi sempumlo esiphefumlelweyo.