Umhlaza webele emadodeni: iimpawu eziphambili, ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele wesilisa
• Ngaba lukhona unyango lomhlaza wamabele emadodeni?
• Indlela yokuchonga
• Iindidi zomhlaza wamabele emadodeni
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umhlaza webele unokukhula emadodeni, njengoko enesifo se-mammary kunye nehomoni yabasetyhini, nangona zincinci rhoqo. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunqabile kwaye luxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-65, ngakumbi xa kukho iimeko zomhlaza wamabele okanye we-ovari kusapho.

Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesifuba oyindoda kulibazisekile, njengoko amadoda engahlali esiya kugqirha xa iimpawu zithambile. Ke, iiseli zethumba ziyaqhubeka ukwanda, kwaye isifo senziwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lesi sifo. Ke ngoko, umhlaza webele unesifo esibi kakhulu emadodeni xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini.

Unyango lomhlaza wamabele wamadoda luyafana nokunyanga komhlaza wabasetyhini, kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwesisu kunye neyeza lokunyanga ngamayeza. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isifo sifunyenwe, kwiimeko ezininzi, emva kwexesha, izinga lempumelelo kunyango liyancitshiswa.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele wesilisa

Iimpawu zomhlaza wamabele wamadoda zibandakanya:

• Isigaxa okanye iqhuma esifubeni, ngasemva kwengono okanye ngaphantsi nje kwe-areola, elingabangeli zintlungu;
• Ingono yajika yangena;
• Ubuhlungu kwindawo ethile yesifuba ebonakala kudala emva kokuvela kwe-nodule;
• Isikhumba esishwabeneyo okanye esijijayo
• Phuma kwegazi okanye ulwelo ngengono;
• Ubomvu okanye ukuxobuka kwesikhumba sebele okanye ingono;
• Utshintsho kumthamo webele;
• Ukudumba kwamakhwapha emakhwapheni.

Uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza wamabele azinazo iimpawu ekulula ukuzichonga kwaye, ke ngoko, amadoda anezifo zomhlaza webele kusapho kufuneka alumkise i-mastologist ukuba ibe neemviwo rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-50 yokufumanisa utshintsho olunokubonisa umhlaza.

Nangona inqabile, umhlaza wamabele emadodeni unokuthandwa zizinto ezithile ukongeza kwimbali yosapho, njengokusebenzisa ii-estrogens, iingxaki zesibindi ezinzima, utshintsho kumatyhalarha, ukwanda kwethishu yamabele ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza kunye nokuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha. Yazi ezinye izizathu zentlungu yesifuba emadodeni.

Ngaba lukhona unyango lomhlaza wamabele emadodeni?

Kukho amathuba amakhulu onyango xa umhlaza ufunyaniswe ekuqaleni, nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa kuxhaphake kakhulu kwinqanaba elihambele phambili kwaye, ke ngoko, unyango luyancitshiswa. Ubungakanani be-nodule kunye ne-ganglia echaphazelekayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, kuhlala kukho ithuba elikhulu lokufa xa i-nodule ingaphezulu kwe-2.5 cm kunye ne-ganglia eliqela lichaphazelekayo. Njengabafazi, amadoda amnyama kunye nabo banotshintsho kwi-BRCA2 yemfuza kunqabile ukuba baphilise.

Indlela yokuchonga

Ukuchongwa kweempawu kunye neempawu zesifo somhlaza wamabele kungenziwa ngokuzihlola ngokwakho, ngendlela efanayo naleyo yenziwa ngayo kubafazi, ukuze indoda ichonge ubukho beqhuma elinzima esifubeni, ukongeza ubukho bezinye iimpawu ezinjengokopha kwingono kunye nentlungu. Fumanisa ukuba kwenziwa njani ukuba uzihlole amabele.

Ukuchongwa komhlaza wamabele emadodeni kufuneka kwenziwe yi-mastologist ngokusebenzisa iimviwo ezinje nge-mammography, i-ultrasound yebele elandelwa yi-biopsy. Ukongeza, ugqirha usenokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi, ngakumbi ufuzo, isifuba X-reyi, iscintigraphy yesifuba kunye nesifuba kunye nesisu somatshini ukujonga ubungakanani besi sifo, oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho imiqondiso ebonisa imastastasis.

Ezi mvavanyo zikwabalulekile ukujonga ukuba ngaba utshintsho oluchongwe yindoda ngokwenene ngumhlaza wamabele, njengoko zinokuba lutshintsho olubi, njengoko kunjalo nge-gynecomastia, apho kukho ukukhula okukhulu kwezicubu zesifuba samadoda. Ukongeza, inokubonisa kwakhona ubukho bamathumba amabi, anje nge-fibroadenoma, edla ngokuvalelwa kwinyama yamabele, engabonisi mngcipheko, kwaye ayichongwa ngokufuthi emadodeni.

Iindidi zomhlaza wamabele emadodeni

Iindidi zesifo somhlaza wamabele zinokuba:

• IDuctal Carcinoma kwiSitu: iiseli zomhlaza ezikwimibhobho yamabele, kodwa musa ukungena okanye usasaze ngaphandle kwebele kwaye zihlala ziphiliswa ngotyando;
• Ukuhlasela kweCarcinoma yeDuctal: ifikelela eludongeni lwendlela kwaye ikhule ngeethisisi yamadlala ebele. Inganwenwela kwamanye amalungu kunye neakhawunti ye-80% yamathumba;
• Uhlaselo lweLobular Carcinoma: ikhula kwi-lobe yesifuba kwaye ihambelana nohlobo olunqabileyo emadodeni;
• Isifo sikaPaget: iqala kwimingxunya yesibeleko kwaye ibangele ukuqina kwengono, izikali, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba, ukuba bomvu nokopha. Isifo sikaPaget sinokudityaniswa ne-ductal carcinoma endaweni yokuhlala okanye nge-ductal carcinoma ehlaselayo;
• Ukudumba komhlaza webele: kunqabile kakhulu emadodeni kwaye kubandakanya ukudumba kwebele okubangela ukudumba, ukuba bomvu kunye nokutsha, ngokuchaseneyo nokwenza iqhuma;

Ayaziwa ncam ukuba yintoni enokubangela umhlaza wamabele emadodeni, kodwa ezinye izinto ezibonakala ngathi ziyasebenzisana kukwaluphala, isifo sesifuba ebesikade sinjalo, isifo samatyhalarha kunye nokutshintsha kwe-chromosomal, ezinje ngeKlinefelter Syndrome, ukongeza ekusebenziseni ii-anabolics okanye ii-estrogens, Imitha, utywala kunye nokutyeba kakhulu.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lomhlaza wamabele emadodeni luyahluka ngokwenqanaba lesifo, kodwa sihlala siqala ngotyando ukususa zonke izicwili ezichaphazelekayo, kubandakanya ingono kunye ne-areola, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mastectomy, kunye nolwimi oluvuvukayo.

Xa umhlaza uphuhle kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ususe zonke iiseli zomhlaza kwaye, ngenxa yesi sizathu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza olunye unyango olunjenge-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy okanye unyango lwe-hormonal, kunye ne-tamoxifen, umzekelo. Funda kabanzi malunga nendlela umhlaza webele uphathwa ngayo.