Izizathu ezi-5 eziphambili ze-Alzheimer kunye nendlela esenziwa ngayo isifo

Umxholo

• 1. Imfuzo
• 2. Ukwakhiwa kweeproteni kwingqondo
• 3. Ukuhla kwe-acetylcholine ye-neurotransmitter
• 4. Ubungozi bendalo
• 5. Intsholongwane yeHerpes
• Indlela yokuchonga
• Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.
• Unyango lwe-Alzheimer's

Isifo se-Alzheimer luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esibangela ukonakala okuqhubekekayo kwengqondo ye-neuron kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yokuqonda, enjengememori, ingqalelo, ulwimi, ukuqhelanisa, ukuqonda, ukuqiqa kunye nokucinga. Ukuqonda ukuba zintoni iimpawu, jonga iimpawu ezilumkisayo zesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kukho iingcinga ezizama ukubonisa ukuba sibangelwa yintoni esi sifo, kwaye zichaza uninzi lweempawu ezivela ngexesha lokukhula kwaso, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba i-Alzheimer inxulumene nokudityaniswa kwezizathu ezininzi ezibandakanya ufuzo kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi njengokuguga , ukungasebenzi, ukwenzakala entloko kunye nokutshaya, umzekelo.

Ke ezona zinto zibangela isifo se-Alzheimer zezi:

1. Imfuzo

Utshintsho lubonakalisiwe kwezinye iintlobo zemfuza, ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo, ezinje nge-APP, apoE, PSEN1 kunye nePSEN2 zofuzo, umzekelo, ezibonakala ngathi zinxulumene nezilonda ezikwi-neurons ezikhokelela kwisifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa kunjalo akukaziwa ngokuchanekileyo emisela utshintsho.

Ngaphandle koku, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha samatyala esi sifo singunobangela welifa, Oko kukuthi, sidluliselwa ngabazali bomntu okanye umakhulu notatomkhulu, osapho lwe-Alzheimer, olwenzeka kubantu abancinci, abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50, ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abachaphazeleka koku kungafaniyo kwe-Alzheimer banethuba elingama-50% lokusasaza esi sifo ebantwaneni babo.

Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo, nangona kunjalo, yi-Alzheimer's sporadic, engahambelaniyo nosapho kwaye eyenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, kodwa kusekho ubunzima ekufumaneni unobangela wale meko.

2. Ukwakhiwa kweeproteni kwingqondo

Kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer banokuqokelelwa okungaqhelekanga kweeproteni, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Beta-amyloid protein kunye ne-Tau protein, ebangela ukudumba, ukungalungelelani kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli ze-neuronal, ngakumbi kwimimandla yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yihippocampus kunye necortex.

Kuyaziwa ukuba olu tshintsho luphenjelelwa yimfuza esele ikhankanyiwe, nangona kunjalo, ayikafumaniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela olu qokelelo, nokuba yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukunqanda, kwaye ke, unyango lwe-Alzheimer's alukabikho ifunyenwe.

3. Ukuhla kwe-acetylcholine ye-neurotransmitter

I-Acetylcholine yi-neurotransmitter ebalulekileyo ekhutshwe zii-neurons, enendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekudluliseni iimpembelelo zengqondo kwingqondo kunye nokuyivumela ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Kuyaziwa ukuba, kwisifo se-Alzheimer, i-acetylcholine iyancipha kwaye ii-neurons eziyivelisayo ziyawohloka, kodwa unobangela awukaziwa.Ngaphandle koku, unyango lwangoku olukhoyo kwesi sifo kukusetyenziswa kwamachiza anticholinesterase, anje ngeDonepezila, iGalantamina kunye neRivastigmina, esebenza ukwandisa ubungakanani bento, ethi, ngaphandle kokunyanga, ilibazise ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kwaye iphucula iimpawu .

4. Ubungozi bendalo

Nangona kukho umngcipheko ngenxa yemfuza, i-Alzheimer's sporadic iyazibonakalisa ngenxa yeemeko ezichaphazeleka yimikhwa yethu, kwaye oko kubangela ukudumba engqondweni, njenge:

• Ukugqithisa okukhululekileyo, eqokelela emzimbeni wethu ngenxa yokungonelanga kwesondlo, ukutyeba iiswekile, amafutha kunye nokutya okucutshungulwayo, ukongeza kwimikhwa enjengokutshaya, ukungazilolongi izinto zomzimba kunye nokuphila phantsi koxinzelelo;
• Cholesterol ephezulu kwandisa amathuba okuba ne-Alzheimer's, ke kubalulekile ukuba usilawule esi sifo ngamayeza e-cholesterol, njenge-simvastatin kunye ne-atorvastatin, ukongeza ekubeni sesinye isizathu sokukhathalela ukutya kunye nokwenza umthambo rhoqo;
• I-atherosclerosisKukuqokelelwa kwamafutha kwimithambo ebangelwa ziimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, icholesterol ephezulu kunye nokutshaya, kunokunciphisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ukuya kwingqondo kunye nokwenza lula ukukhula kwesi sifo;
• Ubudala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ngumngcipheko omkhulu kuphuhliso lwesi sifo, kuba, ngokuguga, umzimba awukwazi ukulungisa utshintsho olunokuthi luvele kwiiseli, ezonyusa umngcipheko wezifo;
• Ukulimala kwengqondo, eyenzeka emva koxinzelelo lwentloko, kwiingozi okanye kwezemidlalo, umzekelo, okanye ngenxa yokubetha, kwandisa amathuba okutshatyalaliswa kwe-neuron kunye nophuhliso lwe-Alzheimer's.
• Ukubonakaliswa kwizinyithi ezinzima, ezifana ne-mercury kunye ne-aluminiumnanjengoko zizinto ezinetyhefu ezinokuqokelelana kwaye zenze umonakalo kumalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, kubandakanya nengqondo.

Ngezi zizathu, indlela ebalulekileyo yokuthintela isifo se-Alzheimer kukuba neendlela zokuphila ezisempilweni, ukhetha ukutya okunotye imifuno, kunye neemveliso ezimbalwa zeshishini, ukongeza kulwazelelo lomsebenzi. Jonga ukuba zeziphi izimo zengqondo onazo ukuze uphile ubomi obude nobunempilo.

5. Intsholongwane yeHerpes

Izifundo zamva nje zichaze ukuba enye into enokubangela i-Alzheimer yintsholongwane ejongene nezilonda ezibandayo, i-HSV-1, enokungena emzimbeni ngexesha lobuntwana kwaye ihlale ilele kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo, ivuselelwa kuphela ngexesha loxinzelelo kunye nokwenza buthathaka kwenkqubo ye-immunological .

Oososayensi babonisa ukuba abantu abane-APOE4 gene kunye ne-HSV-1 virus kunokwenzeka ukuba babe ne-Alzheimer's. Ukongeza, ukwaluphala kuya kubangela buthathaka amajoni omzimba, anokunceda ukufika kwentsholongwane kwingqondo, yenziwe isebenze ngexesha loxinzelelo okanye ukwehla kwamajoni omzimba, kwaye kukhokelele ekuqokelelekeni kwe-beta engaqhelekanga -iiproteni ze-amyloid kunye ne-tau, ezizimpawu ze-Alzheimer's. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu one-HSV-1 virus eya kuthi ikhule i-Alzheimer's.

Ngenxa yokufumanisa ubudlelwane obunokwenzeka phakathi kwentsholongwane ye-herpes kunye nokukhula kwe-Alzheimer's, abaphandi bebefuna iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda ukulibazisa iimpawu ze-Alzheimer okanye ukunyanga isifo ngokusebenzisa amayeza antiviral, njenge-Acyclovir, umzekelo.

Indlela yokuchonga

I-Alzheimer ikrokreleka xa kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukukhubazeka kwememori, ngakumbi inkumbulo yamva nje, enxulunyaniswa nolunye utshintsho ekuqiqeni nasekuziphatheni, okuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, njenge:

• Ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Ubunzima ekukhunjuleni ukufunda ulwazi olutsha;
• Ukuphindaphinda intetho;
• Ukwehla kwesigama;
• Ukucaphuka
• Ubundlongondlongo;
• Kunzima ukulala;
• Ukuphulukana nokulungelelaniswa kweemoto;
• Ukungakhathali;
• Ukungahambi kakuhle komchamo kunye nelindle;
• Ungabaqapheli abantu obaziyo okanye usapho;
• Ukuxhomekeka kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ukuhlamba, ukusebenzisa umnxeba okanye ukuthenga.

Ukuchongwa kwe-Alzheimer's kunyanzelekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqiqa olufana noVavanyo oluNcinci lwesimo sengqondo, uyilo lwewotshi, ukuvavanywa kwempembelelo yomlomo kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwe-Neuropsychological, olwenziwe yi-neurologist okanye i-geriatrician.

Unoku-odola iimvavanyo ezinje ngengqondo ye-MRI ukubona utshintsho lobuchopho, kunye novavanyo lweklinikhi kunye negazi, ezinokuthi zikhuphe ezinye izifo ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwememori, ezinje nge-hypothyroidism, uxinzelelo, ukusilela kwe-vitamin B12, hepatitis okanye i-HIV, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, ukuqokelelwa kweeproteni ze-beta-amyloid kunye ne-Tau protein kungaqinisekiswa ngokuvavanya ingqokelela ye-cerebrospinal fluid, kodwa, kuba iyabiza, ayisoloko ifumaneka ukwenziwa.

Thatha uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo ngoku ngokuphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo enokukunceda uchonge umngcipheko we-Alzheimer (ungathathi indawo yovavanyo lukagqirha wakho):

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Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-Alzheimer's. Thatha uvavanyo okanye ufumanise ukuba ngowuphi umngcipheko wokuba nesi sifo.

Qalisa uvavanyo Ngaba inkumbulo yakho ilungile?

• Ndinenkumbulo elungileyo, nangona kukho ukulibala okuncinci okungaphazamisiyo kubomi bam bemihla ngemihla.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiyazilibala izinto ezinjengombuzo abandibuze wona, ndiyazilibala izibophelelo kwaye ndizishiye phi izitshixo.
• Ndidla ngokulibala into ebendiyenza ekhitshini, kwigumbi lokuhlala, okanye kwigumbi lokulala kunye nento endiyenzayo.
• Andikhumbuli ulwazi olulula nolutsha njengegama lomntu endisandula ukudibana naye, nokuba ndizama nzima.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhumbule apho ndikhona kwaye ngoobani abantu abandingqongileyo.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba loluphi usuku?

• Ndihlala ndikwazi ukubona abantu, iindawo kunye nokwazi ukuba loluphi usuku.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba loluphi usuku namhlanje kwaye ndinobunzima bokugcina imihla.
• Andiqinisekanga ukuba yeyiphi inyanga, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukubona iindawo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ndibhidekile kwiindawo ezintsha kwaye ndingalahleka.
• Andikhumbuli kakuhle ukuba ngubani amalungu osapho lwam, apho ndihlala khona kwaye andikhumbuli kwanto kwixa elidlulileyo.
• Into endiyaziyo ligama lam, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ndikhumbula amagama abantwana bam, abazukulwana okanye ezinye izalamane

Usenako ukwenza izigqibo?

• Ndiyakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla kwaye ndijongana kakuhle nemicimbi yobuqu kunye neyezezimali.
• Ndinobunzima bokuqonda ezinye izinto ezingaqondakaliyo ezinje ngesizathu sokuba umntu abe lusizi, umzekelo.
• Ndiziva ndingazithembanga kwaye ndiyoyika ukwenza izigqibo yiyo loo nto ndikhetha abanye ukuba bandenzele isigqibo.
• Andiziva ndikwazi ukusombulula nayiphi na ingxaki kwaye isigqibo endisithathayo yile nto ndifuna ukuyitya.
• Andikwazi ukwenza naziphi na izigqibo kwaye ndixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuncedo lwabanye.

Ngaba usenobomi obusebenzayo ngaphandle kwekhaya?

• Ewe ndingasebenza ngokwesiqhelo, ndiyothenga, ndibandakanyeka eluntwini, ecaweni nakwamanye amaqela oluntu.
• Ewe, kodwa ndiyaqala ukuba nobunzima ekuqhubeni kodwa ndiziva ndikhuselekile kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ndingamelana njani neemeko zikaxakeka okanye ezingacwangciswanga.
• Ewe, kodwa andikwazi ukuba ndedwa kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhapha kwizibophelelo zentlalo ukuze ndikwazi ukubonakala njengomntu "oqhelekileyo" kwabanye.
• Hayi, andiyishiyi ndodwa indlu kuba andinawo amandla kwaye ndihlala ndifuna uncedo.
• Hayi, andikwazi ukushiya indlu ndedwa kwaye ndiyagula kakhulu ukuba ndingenza njalo.

Zinjani izakhono ekhaya?

• Kakhulu. Ndisenayo imisebenzi yasekhaya, ndinezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Andisaziva ndifuna ukwenza nantoni na ekhaya, kodwa ukuba bayanyanzelisa, ndingazama ukwenza into.
• Ndiyishiye ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yam, kunye nezinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo.
• Into endiyaziyo kukuhlamba ndedwa, ukunxiba nokubukela umabonwakude, kwaye andikwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi endlini.
• Andikwazi ukwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna uncedo ngayo yonke into.

Injani impilo yakho?

• Ndiyakwazi ukuzikhathalela, ukunxiba, ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba kunye nokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekunyamekeleni ucoceko lwam.
• Ndifuna abanye bandikhumbuze ukuba kufuneka ndiye kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kodwa ndiyakwazi ukujongana neemfuno zam ndedwa.
• Ndidinga uncedo lokunxiba nokuzicoca kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ndichamela iimpahla zam.
• Andinakwenza nantoni na ndedwa kwaye ndifuna umntu oza kundikhathalela.

Ngaba indlela oziphatha ngayo iyatshintsha?

• Ndinendlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo ekuhlaleni kwaye akukho lutshintsho kubuntu bam.
• Ndineenguqu ezincinci kwindlela yam yokuziphatha, ubuntu kunye nolawulo lweemvakalelo.
• Ubuntu bam buyatshintsha kancinci kancinci, ngaphambi kokuba ndibenobuhlobo kakhulu kwaye ngoku ndonwabile.
• Athi nditshintshe kakhulu andisenguye kwalomntu kwaye sele ndiphetshwa ngabahlobo bam bakudala, abamelwane kunye nezihlobo ezikude.
• Indlela endiziphethe ngayo yatshintsha kakhulu ndaye ndangumntu onzima nongathandekiyo.

Ngaba uyakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle?

• Andinangxaki ekuthetheni okanye ekubhaleni.
• Ndiqala ukuba nobunzima ekufumaneni amagama afanelekileyo kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba indlela endiqiqa ngayo.
• Kuya kusiba nzima ukufumana amagama afanelekileyo kwaye bendinengxaki yokubiza amagama kwaye ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba ndinamagama amancinci.
• Kunzima kakhulu ukunxibelelana, ndinobunzima kumagama, ukuqonda ukuba bathini na kum kwaye andikwazi kufunda okanye ukubhala.
• Andikwazi ukunxibelelana, ndithetha phantse akukho nto, andibhali kwaye andiqondi kakuhle ukuba bathini na kum.

Injani imood yakho?

• Ngokwesiqhelo, andiqapheli lutshintsho kwiimvakalelo zam, umdla okanye inkuthazo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ndiziva ndilusizi, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile, kodwa ndingenaxhala lanto ebomini.
• Ndibuhlungu, ndinovalo okanye ndinexhala yonke imihla kwaye oku kuye kwanda rhoqo.
• Yonke imihla ndiziva ndibuhlungu, ndisoyika, ndinexhala okanye ndidandathekile kwaye andinamdla okanye inkuthazo yokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi.
• Usizi, uxinzelelo, unxunguphalo kunye novalo ngamaqabane am emihla ngemihla kwaye ndiye ndaphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto kwaye andisashukunyiselwa nantoni na.

Ngaba unako ukugxila kwaye unake?

• Ndijonge ngokugqibeleleyo, ukugxila okuhle kunye nokunxibelelana okukhulu nayo yonke into ejikeleze mna.
• Ndiqala ukuba nexesha elinzima lokunikela ingqalelo kwinto ethile kwaye ndiyozela emini.
• Ndinobunzima ekuqwalaseleni nasekugxininiseni okuncinci, ke ndinokuhlala ndikhangele kwinqanaba okanye ndivale amehlo ixesha elithile, ngaphandle kokulala.
• Ndichitha ixesha elimnandi lokulala, andihoyanga kwanto kwaye xa ndithetha ndithetha izinto ezingenangqiqo okanye ezingenanto yakwenza nesihloko sencoko.
• Andinakho ukuhoya nantoni na kwaye andijolisanga kwaphela.

Edlulileyo Elandelayo

Unyango lwe-Alzheimer's

Unyango lwe-Alzheimer kukunciphisa iimpawu zesi sifo, nangona kunjalo esi sifo asikabinalo unyango. Kunyango kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe amayeza, anje ngeDonepezila, iGalantamina, iRivastigmina okanye iMemantina, ukongeza kwisishukumisi sonyango lwe-physiotherapy, unyango lomsebenzi kunye nonyango lwengqondo.

Fumanisa okuninzi malunga nokuba lwenziwa njani unyango lwe-Alzheimer's.