Ubumfama ebusuku: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu kunye nezizathu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Ubumfama basebusuku, ngokwenzululwazi obubizwa ngokuba yi-nictalopia, kunzima ukubona kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuphantsi, njengoko kusenzeka ebusuku, xa kumnyama kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesi sifo banokufumana umbono oqhelekileyo emini.

Nangona kunjalo, ukungaboni ebusuku ayisosifo, kodwa luphawu okanye ingxaki yenye ingxaki, enje nge-xerophthalmia, cataract, glaucoma okanye isifo seswekile. Ke, kusoloko kubalulekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha wamehlo ukuvavanya ubukho besinye isifo samehlo kunye nokuqala unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ke, ukungaboni ebusuku kuyanyangeka, kuxhomekeka kwisizathu sayo, ngakumbi xa unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesizathu esifanelekileyo.

Iimpawu kunye nezizathu eziphambili

Olona phawu luphambili lobumfama ebusuku kunzima ukubona kwindawo emnyama, ngakumbi xa usuka kwindawo eqaqambileyo uye emnyama, njengaxa ungena endlwini okanye xa kutshona ilanga, umzekelo. Ke, abantu abangaboniyo ebusuku benganyangekiyo kufuneka bakuphephe ukuqhuba ekupheleni kwemini okanye ebusuku, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo.

Obu bunzima bokubona benzeka xa amanqanaba e-pigment kwii-retinal receptors, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-rhodopsin, anciphile, echaphazela ukubanakho kwamehlo kokuqhubekeka kwezinto ekukhanyeni okuphantsi.

Ezi receptors zihlala zichaphazeleka kukuswela ivithamin A, ebangela i-xerophthalmia, kodwa zinokutshintshwa kwimeko zezinye izifo zamehlo ezinjenge-glaucoma, i-retinopathy, i-myopia okanye i-retinitis pigmentosa, umzekelo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuchonga nokunyanga i-xerophthalmia.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lobumfama ebusuku luxhomekeke kwisizathu esibangela utshintsho kwi-retinal receptors. Ke ngoko, ezinye zeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zibandakanya:

• Iiglasi kunye neelensi zonxibelelwano: zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwimeko ye-myopia ukuphucula umbono;
• Amehlo wamehlovumela ukulawula uxinzelelo kwiso kwiimeko zeglaucoma, ukuphucula iimpawu;
• IiVithamini A Izixhobo: Kucetyiswa kwiimeko ze-xerophthalmia ngenxa yokuswela i-vitamin A;
• Ugqirha: isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunyanga iliso kubantu abadala kunye nokuphucula umbono.

Ukongeza, ukuba sikhona nasiphi na isifo se-retinal esichongiweyo, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinje nge-optical tomography okanye i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelanisa unyango, olunokuthatha ixesha elide.