Leukemia yobuntwana

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni ileukemia?
• Zeziphi iintlobo ze-leukemia ebantwaneni?
• Yintoni ebangela leukemia ebantwaneni?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni weleukemia ebantwaneni?
• Zithini iimpawu zeleukemia ebantwaneni?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-leukemia ebantwaneni?
• Luthini unyango lwe-leukemia ebantwaneni?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni ileukemia?

Ileukemia ligama elinomhlaza kwiiseli zegazi. Ileukemia iqala kwizicwili ezenza igazi ezinje ngomongo wethambo. Umongo wakho wethambo wenza iiseli eziza kukhula zibe ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi owahlukileyo:

• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihambisa ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho ukuya kwizicwili nakwizitho zakho
• Iiplatelets zinceda amahlwili ayeke ukopha

Xa une-leukemia, umongo wakho wethambo wenza inani elikhulu leeseli ezingaqhelekanga. Le ngxaki ihlala isenzeka ngeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zakha umongo kunye negazi lakho. Zixinanisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni kwaye zenza kube nzima kwiiseli zakho kunye negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.

Zeziphi iintlobo ze-leukemia ebantwaneni?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Ezinye iintlobo zinzima (ukukhula ngokukhawuleza). Zidla ngokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ukuba azinyangwa. Uninzi lweeukemias zobuntwana zinzima:

• Ileukemia eyi-lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE), lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweleukemia ebantwaneni kunye nomhlaza oqhelekileyo ebantwaneni. KUKHO konke, umongo wethambo wenza ii-lymphocyte ezininzi, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi.
• I-leukemia ye-myeloid efanelekileyo (AML), eyenzekayo xa umongo wethambo wenza i-myeloblast engaqhelekanga (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi), iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia azinyangeki (ukukhula kancinci). Zihlala zisiba mbi ngaphezulu kwexesha elide. Banqabile ebantwaneni:

• Ileukemia enganyangekiyo ye-lymphocytic (CLL), apho umongo wethambo wenza ii-lymphocyte ezingaqhelekanga (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi). Kuqheleke kakhulu kulutsha kunakubantwana.
• Leukemia enganyangekiyo ye-myeloid (CML), apho umongo wethambo wenza ii-granulocytes ezingaqhelekanga (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi). Inqabile kakhulu ebantwaneni.

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezinqabileyo ze-leukemia ebantwaneni, kubandakanya i-juelile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).

Yintoni ebangela leukemia ebantwaneni?

Ileukemia yenzeka xa kukho utshintsho kwizinto zemvelo (DNA) kwiiseli zomongo wethambo. Unobangela wezi nguqu zemfuza awaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile eziphakamisa umngcipheko we-leukemia yabantwana.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni weleukemia ebantwaneni?

Izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko we-leukemia yabantwana zibandakanya

• Ukuba nomntakwenu okanye udade, ngakumbi amawele, one-leukemia
• Unyango lwangaphambili ngekhemotherapy
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimisebe, kubandakanywa unyango lwe-radiation
• Ukuba neemeko ezithile zofuzo, ezinje
  • I-Ataxia telangiectasia
  • Isifo esiphantsi
  • I-Fanconi anemia
  • Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
  • Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1

Kukho ezinye izinto ezinokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokufumana enye okanye ezininzi zeentlobo ezithile ze-leukemia yobuntwana.

Zithini iimpawu zeleukemia ebantwaneni?

Ezinye zeempawu ze-leukemia zinokubandakanya

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukubila ebusuku
• Ukutyumza ngokulula okanye ukopha
• Ukuthoba umzimba okanye ukulahleka kwesidlo
• I-Petechiae, amachaphaza amancinci abomvu phantsi kolusu. Zibangelwa kukopha.

Ezinye iimpawu ze-leukemia zingahluka kuhlobo kuhlobo. I-leukemia engapheliyo ayinakubangela iimpawu ekuqaleni.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-leukemia ebantwaneni?

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukufumanisa i-leukemia:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC)
• Uvavanyo lomongo wethambo. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili - umnqweno wethambo kunye nomongo wethambo. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zibandakanya ukususa isampulu yomongo wethambo kunye nethambo. Iisampulu zithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic ukukhangela i-gene kunye ne-chromosome changes

Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-leukemia, kungenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-imaging kunye ne-lumbar puncture, eyinkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokuvavanya ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Luthini unyango lwe-leukemia ebantwaneni?

Unyango lwe-leukemia luxhomekeke ekubeni luhlobo luni na, ukuba namandla kangakanani i-leukemia, ubudala bomntwana, kunye nezinye izinto. Unyango olunokubakho lunokubandakanya

• ichemotherapy
• unyango lwemitha
• I-Chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweseli
• Unyango ekujoliswe kulo, olusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto ezihlasela iiseli ezithile zomhlaza ngokungonzakalisi kangako kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo

Unyango lwe-leukemia yobuntwana ihlala iphumelela. Kodwa unyango lunokubangela iingxaki kwangoko okanye kamva ebomini. Abantwana abasinde kwi-leukemia baya kudinga ukhathalelo olulandelayo ubomi babo bonke ukuze babukele kwaye baphathe naziphi na iingxaki abanokuba nazo.

NIH: IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza