Icholesterol

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni icholesterol?
• Yintoni i-HDL, i-LDL, kunye ne-VLDL?
• Yintoni ebangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Yintoni enokuphakamisa umngcipheko wecholesterol ephezulu?
• Zeziphi iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-cholesterol ephezulu?
• Ndingayithoba njani icholesterol yam?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni icholesterol?

Ikholesterol yinyibilikisi, into efana namanqatha efumaneka kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba wakho. Umzimba wakho ufuna icholesterol ethile ukwenza iihomoni, ivithamin D, kunye nezinto ezikunceda ukwetyisa ukutya. Umzimba wakho wenza yonke i-cholesterol eyifunayo. Ikholesterol ikwafumaneka nasekutyeni okuvela kwizilwanyana, ezinje ngezikhupha zamaqanda, inyama kunye netshizi.

Ukuba une-cholesterol eninzi egazini lakho, inokudibana nezinye izinto ezisegazini ukwenza ipleyiti. Iplaque inamathela kwiindonga zemithambo yakho. Eli litye lesakhiwo laziwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis. Ingakhokelela kwisifo se-coronary disease, apho imithambo yakho ye-coronary iyancipha okanye ivalwe.

Yintoni i-HDL, i-LDL, kunye ne-VLDL?

I-HDL, i-LDL, kunye ne-VLDL zii-lipoproteins. Yindibaniselwano yamafutha (lipid) kunye neprotein. Iip lipids kufuneka zincanyathiselwe kwiiproteni ukuze zihambe egazini. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeepoprotein zineenjongo ezahlukeneyo:

• I-HDL imele uxinizelelo oluphezulu lweepoprotein. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba "ilungile" i-cholesterol kuba ithwala i-cholesterol esuka kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho ibuyela esibindini sakho. Isibindi sakho sisusa i-cholesterol emzimbeni wakho.
• I-LDL imele i-lipoprotein exineneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi" kuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-LDL likhokelela ekwakhiweni kweplagi kwimithambo yakho.
• I-VLDL imele i-lipoprotein esezantsi kakhulu. Abanye abantu bakwabiza i-VLDL "nge-cholesterol" embi kuba nayo inegalelo kulwakhiwo lweplaki kwimithambo yakho. Kodwa i-VLDL ne-LDL zahlukile; I-VLDL ikakhulu ithwala i-triglycerides kunye ne-LDL ikakhulu ithwala i-cholesterol.

Yintoni ebangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo se-cholesterol ephezulu yindlela yokuphila engenampilo. Oku kunokubandakanya

• Ukutya okungenampilo, njengokutya amafutha amaninzi amabi. Uhlobo olunye, amafutha atyebileyo, afumaneka kwezinye iinyama, iimveliso zobisi, itshokholethi, izinto ezibhakiweyo, kunye nokutya okucoliweyo kunye nokwenziwe. Olunye uhlobo, i-trans fat, ikukutya okuthosiweyo nokwenziweyo. Ukutya la mafutha kunokunyusa i-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL (embi).
• Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yomzimba, ngokuhlala okuninzi kunye nokuzilolonga okuncinci. Oku kunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (elungileyo).
• Ukutshaya, eyehlisa i-cholesterol ye-HDL, ngakumbi kubafazi. Ikonyusa ne-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL.

Imfuza inokubangela ukuba abantu babe ne-cholesterol eninzi. Umzekelo, i-hypercholesterolemia yosapho (i-FH) luhlobo lwe-cholesterol ephezulu. Ezinye iimeko zonyango kunye namayeza athile anokubangela ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Yintoni enokuphakamisa umngcipheko wecholesterol ephezulu?

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko we-cholesterol ephezulu:

• Ubudala. Amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol ahlala enyuka njengoko usiba mdala. Nangona ingaqhelekanga, abantu abancinci, kubandakanya abantwana kunye nolutsha, banokuba ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ilifa. I-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi inokuhamba kwiintsapho.
• Ubunzima. Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu kuphakamisa inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol.
• Uhlanga. Iintlanga ezithile zinokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo we-cholesterol ephezulu. Umzekelo, ama-Afrika aseMelika anezinga eliphezulu le-HDL kunye ne-LDL ye-cholesterol kunabamhlophe.

Zeziphi iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangela i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Ukuba uneedipozithi ezinkulu zepleyiti kwimithambo yakho, indawo yepleyiti inokuqhekeka (ivuleke). Oku kunokubangela ukuba ihlwili legazi lenziwe kumphezulu wepleyiti. Ukuba iqokobhe liba likhulu ngokwaneleyo, linokuthintela ubukhulu becala ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-coronary artery.

Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi eline-oksijini eya entliziyweni yakho kuncitshisiwe okanye kuthintelwe, kunokubangela i-angina (iintlungu zesifuba) okanye isifo sentliziyo.

Iplaque nayo inokwakha kweminye imithambo emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya imithambo ezisa igazi eline-oksijini kwingqondo nakwimilenze yakho. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjenge-carotid artery disease, stroke, kunye ne-peripheral arterial disease.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-cholesterol ephezulu?

Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho miqondiso okanye impawu yokuba une-cholesterol ephezulu. Kukho uvavanyo lwegazi ukulinganisa inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol. Ulufumana nini kwaye kangaphi olu vavanyo kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho, izinto ezinobungozi, kunye nembali yosapho. Iingcebiso ngokubanzi zezi:

Kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-19 nangaphantsi:

• Uvavanyo lokuqala kufuneka lube phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 ukuya kwe-11
• Abantwana kufuneka benze uvavanyo kwakhona rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Abanye abantwana banokuba novavanyo oluqala kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuba kukho imbali yosapho ye-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ukubetha

Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu:

• Abantu abadala abancinci kufuneka babe novavanyo rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-5
• Amadoda aneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kuma-65 kunye nabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-65 kufuneka babe nayo yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2

Ndingayithoba njani icholesterol yam?

Unokunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho ngokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila esempilweni. Babandakanya isicwangciso sokutya esisempilweni sentliziyo, ulawulo lobunzima, kunye nokusebenza rhoqo komzimba.

Ukuba indlela ophila ngayo iyatshintsha ayiyithobi ngokwaneleyo i-cholesterol yakho, kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokunciphisa amayeza e-cholesterol, kubandakanya ii-statins. Ukuba uthatha amayeza ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yakho, kusafuneka uqhubeke notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo.

Abanye abantu abane-hypercholesterolemia yosapho (FH) banokufumana unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-lipoprotein apheresis. Olu nyango lusebenzisa umatshini wokuhluza ukususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini. Emva koko umatshini ubuyisela elinye igazi emntwini.

I-NIH: Intliziyo yeSizwe, iMiphunga kunye neZiko leGazi

• Imeko yemfuza ifundisa ulutsha ukubaluleka kwempilo yentliziyo
• Into oyenzayo ngoku inokuthintela isifo sentliziyo kamva