Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngobumfama Bombala

Umxholo

• Yintoni ubumfama bombala?
• Kuqheleke kangakanani ukungaboni ngamehlo?
• Zithini iimpawu zobumfama bombala?
• Zithini iintlobo zobumfama bombala?
• Umbala oyimfama
• Ukufumana umbala ongaboniyo
• Yintoni ebangela ubumfama bombala?
• Ilifa
• Izifo
• Amayeza
• Ezinye izinto
• Ufumanisa njani ubumfama bombala?
• Iyintoni imbonakalo yabantu abanemfama engumbala?

Yintoni ubumfama bombala?

Umbala wobumfama wenzeka xa iingxaki zombala woluvo kumbala zibangela ubunzima okanye ukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-colorblind abakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kobomvu nohlaza. Ukwahlula i-yellows kunye ne-blues kunokuba yingxaki, nangona olu hlobo lokungaboni kakuhle kunqabile.

Imeko yeendawo ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima. Ukuba umbala we-blindbind ngokupheleleyo, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-achromatopsia, ubona kuphela kumbala ongwevu okanye omnyama nomhlophe. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inqabile kakhulu.

Uninzi lwabantu abanombala wobumfama babona le mibala ilandelayo kwiitshathi zemibala kunokuba kubomvu, imifuno, kunye neetal ezibonwa ngabanye:

• lubhelu
• ngwevu
• beige
• luhlaza

Kuqheleke kangakanani ukungaboni ngamehlo?

Umbala wobumfama uqheleke emadodeni.Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba baphathe i-chromosome enesiphene enoxanduva lokudlulisa ubumfama bombala, kodwa amadoda kunokwenzeka ukuba ayifumane le meko.

Ngokwe-American Optometric Association, malunga neepesenti ezisi-8 zamadoda amhlophe azalwa enesiphene sombono xa kuthelekiswa ne-0.5 pesenti yabasetyhini bazo zonke izizwe.

Ngo-2014 kwimbala yobumfama kwizikolo zabasaqalayo zase-California zase-California bafumanisa ukuba ukusilela kombono kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abamhlophe abanga-Hispanic kunye nokuncinci kubantwana abaMnyama.

I-Achromatopsia ichaphazela umntu omnye kwabangama-30,000 kwihlabathi liphela. Kwezi, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezili-10 abawuboni umbala kwaphela.

Zithini iimpawu zobumfama bombala?

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lobumfama bombala lutshintsho kumbono wakho. Umzekelo, kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kobomvu nohlaza kwirobhothi. Imibala inokubonakala ngathi ikhanya kancinci kunangaphambili. Imibala eyahlukeneyo inokubonakala ifana.

Umbala wobumfama uhlala ubonakala esemncinci xa abantwana befunda imibala yabo. Kwabanye abantu, ingxaki ayifunyanwa kuba bafundile ukudibanisa imibala ethile kunye nezinto ezithile.

Umzekelo, bayazi ukuba ingca iluhlaza, kungoko babiza umbala abayibona iluhlaza. Ukuba iimpawu zincinci kakhulu, umntu unokungaqondi ukuba akaboni imibala ethile.

Kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ngumbala wobumfama. Baya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokulawula ezinye izinto ezinzulu kakhulu zezempilo.

Zithini iintlobo zobumfama bombala?

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zokungaboni umbala.

Kuhlobo olunye, umntu unengxaki yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kobomvu noluhlaza. Kwelinye uhlobo, umntu unobunzima bokwahlula okumthubi naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lubizwa ngokuba yi-achromatopsia. Umntu onale fomu akakwazi ukubona nayiphi na imibala kwaphela - yonke into ibonakala ingwevu okanye emnyama namhlophe. I-Achromatopsia yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokungaboni.

Umbala wobumfama unokuzuzwa njengelifa okanye ukufunyanwa.

Umbala oyimfama

Umbala ongafumanekiyo uqhelekile. Kungenxa yesiphene semfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba imeko iyadlula kusapho. Umntu onamalungu osapho asondeleyo angama-colorblind kunokwenzeka ukuba abe nayo imeko.

Ukufumana umbala ongaboniyo

Ukufumana ubumfama obunombala kukhula kamva ebomini kwaye kunokuchaphazela amadoda nabasetyhini ngokulinganayo.

Izifo ezonakalisa imithambo-luvo okanye i-retina yamehlo zinokubangela umbala ongaboniyo. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kufuneka uqaphele ugqirha wakho ukuba umbala wakho wombala utshintsha. Inokubonisa eyona ngxaki iphambili.

Yintoni ebangela ubumfama bombala?

Iliso liqulethe iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza i-retina, umaleko obuthathaka ekukhanyeni wethishu ngasemva kweliso lakho, ukuze ibone imibala.

Iindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zeekhowuni zifunxa ubude beemitha ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye luphendula kubomvu, luhlaza, okanye luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iicones zithumela ulwazi kwingqondo ukwahlula imibala.

Ukuba enye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi cones kwi-retina yakho yonakele okanye ayikho, uya kuba nobunzima ekuyiboneni imibala ngokufanelekileyo.

Ilifa

Uninzi lokusilela kombala kunelifa. Ihlala isuka kumama iye kunyana. Umbala oyimfuza ongafumanekiyo awubangeli ubumfama okanye okunye ukulahleka kombono.

Izifo

Unokuba nemfama ngombala ngenxa yesifo okanye ukwenzakala kwi-retina yakho.

Nge-glaucoma, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lweliso, okanye uxinzelelo lwe-intraocular, luphezulu kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lonakalisa imithambo-luvo ye-optic, ethwala imiqondiso esuka esweni iye kwingqondo ukuze ukwazi ukubona. Ngenxa yoko, amandla akho okwahlula imibala anokuncipha.

Ngokutsho kwiphephancwadi elithi Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, ukungakwazi kwabantu abaneglaucoma ukwahlula umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthubi kuye kwaphawulwa ukusukela ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Ukwehla kwe-Macular kunye neswekile yesifo seswekile kubangela ukonakala kwi-retina, kulapho kukho khona ii-cones. Oku kunokubangela ubumfama bombala. Kwezinye iimeko, kubangela ukungaboni.

Ukuba une-cataract, ilensi yeliso lakho ngokuthe ngcembe iyatshintsha ukusuka ekuhleni ize iye kwi-opaque. Umbala wakho wombala unokufiphala njengesiphumo.

Ezinye izifo ezinokuchaphazela umbono zibandakanya:

• isifo seswekile
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo se-Alzheimer
• isifo sokugubhuka

Amayeza

Amayeza athile anokubangela utshintsho kumbono wombala. Oku kubandakanya amayeza antipsychotic chlorpromazine kunye ne-thioridazine.

I-antibiotic ethambutol (iMyambutol), enyanga isifo sephepha, inokubangela iingxaki zemithambo-luvo kunye nobunzima bokubona imibala ethile.

Ezinye izinto

Ubumfama bombala bunokubangelwa zezinye izinto. Enye into kukwaluphala. Ukuphulukana nombono kunye nokusilela kombala kunokwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nobudala. Ukongeza, iikhemikhali eziyityhefu ezinje ngestyrene, ezikhoyo kwezinye iiplastikhi, zinxulunyaniswa nokuphulukana nokubona umbala.

Ufumanisa njani ubumfama bombala?

Ukubona imibala kukuthobela. Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuba ubona i-reds, imifino, kunye neminye imibala ngendlela efanayo nabantu abanombono ogqibeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wamehlo wakho unokuyivavanya imeko ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwamehlo.

Uvavanyo luya kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba ziipseudoisochromatic plate. Le mifanekiso yenziwe ngamachaphaza anemibala aneenombolo okanye iisimboli ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngabantu abanombono oqhelekileyo kuphela abanokubona la manani kunye neesimboli.

Ukuba u-colorblind, ngekhe ulibone inani okanye ungabona inani elahlukileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bavavanywe ngaphambi kokuba baqale isikolo kuba uninzi lwezixhobo zemfundo zobuntwana zibandakanya ukuchonga imibala.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yabantu abanemfama engumbala?

Ukuba ubumfama bombala benzeka ngenxa yokugula okanye yokwenzakala, ukunyanga oyena nobangela kunokunceda ekuphuculeni ukufunyanwa kombala.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho lunyango lokungaboni umbala ozuzwe njengelifa. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukunika iiglasi ezinombala okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano ezinokukunceda ukwahlula imibala.

Abantu abangaboniyo bahlala besebenzisa iindlela ezithile okanye basebenzise izixhobo ezithile ukwenza ubomi bube lula. Umzekelo, ukukhumbula ukucwangciswa kwezibane ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwirobhothi kususa isidingo sokwahlula imibala yaso.

Ukuphawula iimpahla kunokunceda kwimibala ehambelana ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye ii-aplikeshini zesoftware ziguqula imibala yeekhompyuter zenze ezo zibonwa ngabantu abane-colorblind.

Imfama eyimfuza eyimfama ngumceli mngeni wobomi bonke. Ngelixa inokuthintela amathuba emisebenzi ethile, njengokusebenza njengombane ekufuneka axele umahluko phakathi kweentambo ezinemibala, uninzi lwabantu lufumana iindlela zokuziqhelanisa nemeko.