Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-Thyroid kunye neengxaki

Umxholo

• Hyperthyroidism
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hyperthyroidism kunye nonyango
• IHypothyroidism
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hypothyroidism kunye nonyango
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kukaHashimoto
• Isifo samangcwaba
• Amangcwaba ’ukufumanisa isifo kunye nonyango
• Goiter
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-Goiter kunye nonyango
• Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid
• Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid
• Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid kubantwana
• IHypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism
• Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid
• Umhlaza wedlala lengqula
• Ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid

Ushwankathelo

Idlala lengqula yincindi encinci, emile okwibhabhathane ebekwe emazantsi entamo yakho ezantsi nje kweapile lika-Adam. Inxalenye yothungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwamadlala abizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-endocrine. Inkqubo ye-endocrine inoxanduva lokulungelelanisa izinto ezininzi zomzimba wakho. Idlala lengqula lenza iihomoni ezilawula imetabolism yomzimba wakho.

Ukuphazamiseka okuninzi kunokuvela xa i-thyroid yakho ivelisa i-hormone eninzi (hyperthyroidism) okanye ayanele (hypothyroidism).

Iziphazamiso ezine eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid yiHashimoto's thyroiditis, isifo se-Graves, i-goiter kunye ne-thyroid nodules.

Hyperthyroidism

Kwi-hyperthyroidism, i-thyroid gland iyasebenza. Ivelisa kakhulu i-hormone yayo. Hyperthyroidism ichaphazela malunga neepesenti enye yabasetyhini. Akuqhelekanga emadodeni.

Isifo se-Graves sisona sizathu esiqhelekileyo se-hyperthyroidism, esichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zabantu abane-thyroid engasebenzi. Amaqhuqhuva kwi-thyroid - imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-nodular goiter okanye i-multinodular goiter-inokubangela ukuba i-gland ivelise i-hormone yayo.

Ukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni yehomoni kukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje:

• ukungazinzi
• uvalo
• intliziyo ebalekayo
• ukucaphuka
• ukwanda kokubila
• ndingcangcazela
• ixhala
• ingxaki yokulala
• ulusu olubhityileyo
• iinwele ezaphukileyo kunye neenzipho
• ubuthathaka bemisipha
• ukuhla ukusinda
• Amehlo aqumbileyo (kwisifo seGraves)

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hyperthyroidism kunye nonyango

Amanqanaba ovavanyo lwegazi kumanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid (thyroxine, okanye T4) kunye nehomoni ekhuthaza idlala lengqula (TSH) egazini lakho. Idlala lengqula likhupha i-TSH ukukhuthaza idlala lengqula ukuba livelise iihomoni zalo. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-thyroxine kunye namazinga asezantsi e-TSH abonisa ukuba i-thyroid gland iyasebenza.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika iodine eqhumayo ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti, kwaye ulinganise ukuba ingakanani ithambo lakho lengqula elithathayo. Idlala lengqula lakho lithatha iodine ukuvelisa iihomoni zalo. Ukuthatha iodine eninzi ene-radioactive luphawu lokuba i-thyroid yakho iyasebenza. Inqanaba eliphantsi le-radioactivity lisombulula ngokukhawuleza kwaye alinabungozi kubantu abaninzi.

Unyango lwe-hyperthyroidism lutshabalalisa idlala lengqula okanye liyinqande ekuveliseni iihomoni zayo.

• Amachiza e-Antithyroid anje nge methimazole (Tapazole) athintela idlala lengqula ukuvelisa iihomoni zalo.
• Umthamo omkhulu we-iodine eqhumayo yonakalisa idlala lengqula. Uyithatha njengepilisi ngomlomo. Njengoko i-thyroid gland ithatha iodine, iphinda ikhuphe iodine e-radioactive, eyonakalisa i-gland.
• Utyando lunokwenziwa ukususa i-thyroid gland.

Ukuba unyango lwe-iodine ene-radioactive okanye utyando olonakalisa i-thyroid gland, uya kuphuhlisa i-hypothyroidism kwaye kufuneka uthathe i-hormone ye-thyroid imihla ngemihla.

IHypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism ichasene ne-hyperthyroidism. Idlala lengqula alisebenzi, kwaye alinako ukuvelisa ngokwaneleyo iihomoni zalo.

I-Hypothyroidism ihlala ibangelwa Hashimoto's thyroiditis, utyando ukususa i-thyroid gland, okanye ukonakala kunyango lwe-radiation. E-United States, ichaphazela malunga neepesenti ezingama-4.6 zabantu abaneminyaka eli-12 ubudala nangaphezulu. Uninzi lweziganeko ze-hypothyroidism ziphakathi.

Imveliso encinci yehomoni ye-thyroid ikhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje:

• ukudinwa
• isikhumba esomileyo
• ukwanda kokuziva kubanda
• iingxaki zememori
• ukuqhina
• ukudakumba
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ubuthathaka
• ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci
• ikhoma

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hypothyroidism kunye nonyango

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukulinganisa i-TSH yakho kunye namanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid. Inqanaba eliphezulu le-TSH kunye ne-thyroxine ephantsi kunokuthetha ukuba i-thyroid yakho ayisebenzi. La manqanaba angabonisa ukuba i-pituitary gland yakho ikhupha i-TSH ngaphezulu ukuzama ukukhuthaza i-thyroid gland ukwenza i-hormone yayo.

Unyango oluphambili kwi-hypothyroidism kukuthatha iipilisi zehomoni yedlala lengqula. Kubalulekile ukufumana idosi ngokufanelekileyo, kuba ukuthatha i-hormone ye-thyroid eninzi kunokubangela iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

IHashimoto's thyroiditis ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytic thyroiditis engapheliyo. Yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-hypothyroidism e-United States, ichaphazela malunga nezigidi ezili-14 zaseMelika. Inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abaphakathi. Esi sifo senzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela ngempazamo kwaye ngokuthe chu etshabalalisa idlala lengqula kunye namandla alo okuvelisa iihomoni.

Abanye abantu abaneemeko ezinobuzaza zeHashimoto's thyroiditis abanokuba neempawu ezibonakalayo. Esi sifo sinokuhlala sizinzile iminyaka, kwaye iimpawu zihlala zibuqili. Azikacaci, oko kuthetha ukuba bayalinganisa iimpawu zezinye iimeko ezininzi. Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukudakumba
• ukuqhina
• ukutyeba kancinci
• isikhumba esomileyo
• iinwele ezomileyo, ezicothayo
• bubala, ubuso obukhukhumeleyo
• ukuya exesheni okunzima nokungaqhelekanga
• ukunganyamezelani kubanda
• i-thyroid eyandisiweyo, okanye i-goiter

Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kukaHashimoto

Ukuvavanya inqanaba le-TSH ihlala inyathelo lokuqala xa ujonga naluphi na uhlobo lwesifo se-thyroid. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela amanqanaba anyukayo e-TSH kunye namanqanaba asezantsi ehomoni ye-thyroid (T3 okanye T4) ukuba ufumana ezinye zeempawu ezingasentla. IHashimoto’s thyroiditis sisifo sokuzimela, ngoko ke uvavanyo lwegazi luza kubonisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuthi zihlasele idlala lengqula.

Akukho lonyango lwazi lweHashimoto's thyroiditis. Amayeza athatha indawo yeHormone ahlala esetyenziselwa ukunyusa amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid okanye amanqanaba asezantsi e-TSH. Inokukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zesi sifo. Utyando lunokuba yimfuneko ukususa icandelo okanye yonke i-thyroid gland kwiimeko ezinqabileyo eziphambili zeHashimoto's. Esi sifo sihlala sifunyanwa kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye sihlala sizinzile iminyaka ngenxa yokuba sihamba kancinci.

Isifo samangcwaba

Isifo se-Graves sabizwa ngokuba ngugqirha owaqala ukusichaza ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-150 eyadlulayo. Ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo wehyperthyroidism eUnited States, ichaphazela umntu om-1 kwabangama-200.

Amangcwaba 'sisifo esibuhlungu esenzeka xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela ngempazamo idlala lengqula. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-gland ivelise ngokugqithiseleyo i-hormone ejongene nokulawula imetabolism.

Esi sifo sivela kwilifa kwaye sinokuphuhliswa nakweyiphi na iminyaka emadodeni nakwabasetyhini, kodwa kuxhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, ngokuka. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya uxinzelelo, ukukhulelwa kunye nokutshaya.

Xa kukho inqanaba eliphezulu lehomoni yegazi egazini lakho, iinkqubo zomzimba wakho zikhawulezisa kwaye zibangele iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwihyperthyroidism. Oku kubandakanya:

• ixhala
• ukucaphuka
• ukudinwa
• ukungcangcazela kwezandla
• ukwanda okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• ukubila okugqithisileyo
• ubunzima bokulala
• urhudo okanye ukuhamba kwamathumbu rhoqo
• utshintsho kumjikelo wokuya exesheni
• ukuvuza
• Amehlo aqumbe kunye neengxaki zombono

Amangcwaba ’ukufumanisa isifo kunye nonyango

Uvavanyo lomzimba olulula lunokubonisa i-thyroid eyandisiweyo, amehlo akhulayo, kunye neempawu zokunyuka kwemetabolism, kubandakanya ukubetha ngokukhawuleza kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho uya ku-odola iimvavanyo zegazi ukujonga amanqanaba aphezulu e-T4 kunye namanqanaba asezantsi e-TSH, zombini ezo zimpawu zesifo se-Graves. Uvavanyo lokuthatha iodine olunokusasazeka ngemitha nalo lunokulawulwa ukulinganisa ukuba i-thyroid yakho ithatha iodine ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Ukuthathwa okuphezulu kwe-iodine kuyahambelana nesifo seMangcwaba.

Akukho lunyango lokuphelisa amajoni omzimba ekuhlaseleni i-thyroid gland kwaye ibangele ukuba ivelise kakhulu iihomoni. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zesifo se-Graves zingalawulwa ngeendlela ezininzi, zihlala zidityaniswa nonyango:

• I-beta-blockers yokulawula ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo kunye nokubila
• amayeza e-antithyroid ukukhusela i-thyroid yakho ekuveliseni i-hormone eninzi
• iodine enemitha yokutshabalalisa yonke into okanye inxenye yedlala lengqula
• utyando lokususa idlala lengqula, ukhetho olusisigxina ukuba awukwazi ukunyamezela iziyobisi ze-antithyroid okanye iodine ene-radioactive

Unyango oluphumeleleyo lwe-hyperthyroidism luhlala lukhokelela kwi-hypothyroidism. Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubuyisela i-hormone ukusuka apho ukuya phambili. Isifo se-Graves singakhokelela kwiingxaki zentliziyo kunye namathambo aphukileyo ukuba ashiywanga enganyangwa.

Goiter

I-Goiter yinto yokwandisa i-thyroid gland. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sokudamba kwe-goiter kwihlabathi liphela kukusilela kwe-iodine ekutyeni. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba i-goiter ichaphazela izigidi ezingama-200 kwizigidi ezingama-800 zabantu abaswele i-iodine kwihlabathi liphela.

Kwelinye icala, i-goiter ihlala ibangelwa-kunye neempawu ze-hyperthyroidism e-United States, apho ityuwa ene-ayodini ibonelela nge-iodine eninzi.

I-Goiter inokuchaphazela nabani na nangaliphi na ubudala, ngakumbi kwiindawo zehlabathi apho ukutya okunotye kakhulu kwi-iodine kunqongophala. Nangona kunjalo, i-goiters ixhaphake kakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-40 nakwabasetyhini, abanamathuba okuba neengxaki ze-thyroid. Eminye imingcipheko ibandakanya imbali yonyango yosapho, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, ukukhulelwa, kunye nokuvezwa kwemitha.

Kungangabikho mpawu ukuba i-goiter ayinamandla. I-goiter inokubangela enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ukuba ikhula ngokwaneleyo, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo:

• ukudumba okanye ukuqina entanyeni yakho
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• ukukhohlela okanye ukuvuthisa
• Ukugquma kwelizwi

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Goiter kunye nonyango

Ugqirha wakho uya kuziva indawo yakho yentamo kwaye uginye ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba oluqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kutyhila amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid, i-TSH, kunye ne-antibodies kwigazi lakho. Oku kuyakuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yegilo edla ngokuba ngunobangela wokudumba. I-ultrasound ye-thyroid inokujonga ukuvuvukala okanye amaqhuqhuva.

I-Goiter ihlala inyangwa kuphela xa isiba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibangele iimpawu. Unokuthatha iidosi ezincinci ze-iodine ukuba i-goiter sisiphumo sokusilela kwe-iodine. Iodine ye-radioactive inganciphisa i-thyroid gland. Utyando luya kususa yonke into okanye inxenye yelungu. Unyango luhlala ludlula kuba i-goiter ihlala iluphawu lwehyperthyroidism.

IiGoiters zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kakhulu kwe-thyroid, njengesifo se-Graves. Nangona i-goiters ingaqhelekanga ingunobangela wokukhathazeka, inokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu ukuba ziyekwe zinganyangwa. Ezi ngxaki zinokubandakanya ukuphefumla nzima kunye nokuginya.

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid akhula kwi-thyroid gland. Phantse iipesenti ezili-1 zamadoda kunye neepesenti ezi-5 zabasetyhini abahlala kumazwe anele ngokwaneleyo nge-iodine banezilonda ze-thyroid ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuziva. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-50 zabantu baya kuba namaqhuqhuva amancinci kakhulu ukuba angavakalelwa.

Izizathu azihlali zaziwa kodwa zingabandakanya ukusilela kwe-iodine kunye neHashimoto's thyroiditis. Amaqhuqhuva anokuqina okanye agcwalise ulwelo.

Uninzi lunobungozi, kodwa banokuba nomhlaza kwipesenti ezincinci zamatyala. Njengakwezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-thyroid, amaqhuqhuva aqheleke kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda, kwaye umngcipheko kuzo zombini izini uyonyuka kunye nobudala.

Uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid alubangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zikhula ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo, zinokubangela ukudumba entanyeni yakho kwaye zikhokelele ekuphefumleni nasekuginyeni ubunzima, iintlungu, kunye nesifo sokudumba.

Amanye amaqhuqhuva avelisa idlala lengqula, nto leyo ebangela amanqanaba aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga egazini. Xa oku kusenzeka, iimpawu ziyafana nezo ze-hyperthyroidism kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• izinga ukubetha eliphezulu
• uvalo
• ukwanda kwesidlo
• ukungcangcazela
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ulusu lweclammy

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iimpawu ziya kufana ne-hypothyroidism ukuba amaqhuqhuva adibene nesifo sikaHashimoto. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukulahleka kweenwele
• isikhumba esomileyo
• ukunyamezelana okubandayo

Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid

Uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva lubonwa ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lomzimba. Banokufunyanwa ngexesha le-ultrasound, CT scan, okanye iMRI. Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe i-nodule, ezinye iinkqubo-uvavanyo lwe-TSH kunye nokuskena kwe-thyroid-kunokujonga i-hyperthyroidism okanye i-hypothyroidism. I-biopsy ye-aspiration aspiration isetyenziselwa ukuthatha isampuli yeeseli kwi-nodule kwaye ichonge ukuba i-nodule inomhlaza.

Iimpawu zeBenign ze-thyroid azikho ubomi obusongela ubomi kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azidingi unyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, akukho nto yenziwayo ukususa i-nodule ukuba ayitshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza enye i-biopsy kwaye acebise iodine ene-radioactive ukunciphisa amaqhuqhuva ukuba ayakhula.

Amaqhuqhuva omhlaza ayinqabile- ngokweZiko likaZwelonke loMhlaza, umhlaza wedlala lengqula uchaphazela ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-4 zabemi. Unyango olucebiswa ngugqirha luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwethumba. Ukususa i-thyroid ngokuhlinzwa ngokuqhelekileyo unyango olukhethiweyo. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-radiation lusetyenziswa kunye okanye ngaphandle kotyando. I-Chemotherapy ihlala ifuneka ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Iimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid kubantwana

Abantwana banokufumana iimeko ze-thyroid, kuquka:

• hypothyroidism
• hyperthyroidism
• amaqhuqhuva edlala lengqula
• umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana bazalwa benengxaki ye-thyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando, isifo, okanye unyango lwenye imeko luyibanga.

IHypothyroidism

Abantwana banokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zehypothyroidism:

• I-hypothyroidism ye-Congenital yenzeka xa idlala lengqula lingasebenzi’t zikhula kakuhle ngexesha lokuzalwa. Ichaphazela malunga no-1 kwabayi-2 500 ukuya kuma-3 000 abantwana abazelwe eUnited States.
• I-autoimmune hypothyroidism ibangelwa sisifo esizenzekelayo apho amajoni omzimba ahlasela isifo sedlala lengqula. Olu hlobo luhlala lubangelwa yi-lymphocytic thyroiditis engapheliyo. I-autoimmune hypothyroidism ihlala ibonakala ngexesha lokufikisa, kwaye kunjalo’zixhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe.
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism yenzeka ebantwaneni abanesifo sedlala esisuswe okanye esonakaliswe- ngotyando, umzekelo.

Iimpawu zehypothyroidism ebantwaneni zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukutyeba kwakho
• ukuqhina
• ukunganyamezelani kubanda
• iinwele ezomileyo, ezibhityileyo
• isikhumba esomileyo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci
• ilizwi elirhawuzelelayo
• ubuso obukhukhumeleyo
• ukwanda kokuhamba sexesheni kwabasetyhini abaselula

Hyperthyroidism

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zehyperthyroidism ebantwaneni:

• Isifo samangcwaba ayixhaphakanga ebantwaneni kunabantu abadala. Isifo samangcwaba sidla ngokubonakala ngexesha lokufikisa, kwaye sichaphazela amantombazana amaninzi kunamakhwenkwe.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid kukukhula kwincindi yedlala lengane evelisa idlala lengqula elininzi.
• Idlala lengqula Kubangelwa kukudumba kwithwele ledlala lengqula elenza ihomoni yegazi iphume iye egazini.

Iimpawu zehyperthyroidism ebantwaneni zibandakanya:

• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ndingcangcazela
• Amehlo aqumbileyo (kubantwana abanesifo seMangcwaba)
• ukungazinzi kunye nokucaphuka
• ukulala kakubi
• ukwanda kwesidlo
• ukuhla ukusinda
• ukwanda kokuhamba kwamathumbu
• ukunyamezelana nobushushu
• ukuvuza

Amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid

Amaqhuqhuva e-Thyroid anqabile ebantwaneni, kodwa xa zisenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nomhlaza. Uphawu oluphambili lwe-nodule ye-thyroid kumntwana yintlambo entanyeni.

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-endocrine ebantwaneni, ukanti isanqabe kakhulu. Kufunyaniswa ukuba kungaphantsi kwesi-1 kwisigidi esinye sabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ngonyaka. Isigameko siphezulu kancinci kulutsha, ngenqanaba le-15 yamatyala kwisigidi kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wedlala kubantwana zibandakanya:

• iqhuma entanyeni
• amadlala adumbileyo
• imvakalelo eqinileyo entanyeni
• ingxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukuginya
• ilizwi elirhawuzelelayo

Ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-thyroid

Kwiimeko ezininzi, awukwazi ukuthintela i-hypothyroidism okanye i-hyperthyroidism. Kumazwe asakhasayo, i-hypothyroidism ihlala ibangelwa kukusilela kwe-iodine. Nangona kunjalo, enkosi ukongezwa kwe-iodine kwitafile yetyuwa, oku kusilela kunqabile eMelika.

I-Hyperthyroidism ihlala ibangelwa sisifo seMangcwaba, isifo esizenzekelayo esingathintelekiyo. Unokumisela i-thyroid engapheliyo ngokuthatha i-hormone ye-thyroid eninzi. Ukuba umiselwe i-hormone ye-thyroid, qiniseka ukuthatha idosi echanekileyo. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, idlala lengqula linokusebenza kakhulu ukuba utya ukutya okuninzi okune-iodine, enje ngetafile yetyuwa, intlanzi kunye nolwandle.

Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukukhusela isifo se-thyroid, unokuthintela iingxaki zayo ngokufumana ukuxilongwa kwangoko kwaye ulandele unyango oluyalelwe ngugqirha.