I-diuretics: ziyintoni, zeziphi iintlobo kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo

Umxholo

• 1. I-Thiazide diuretics
• 2. I-Loure diuretics
• 3. I-potassium-sparing diuretics
• 4. I-Osmotic diuretics
• 5. I-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics

I-diuretics ngamayeza anokusetyenziswa yedwa okanye enxulunyaniswa nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, kunyango lwexinzelelo lwegazi, ukudumba okubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo, sezintso okanye sesibindi, phakathi kwabanye.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-diuretics ezikhoyo, ezinjenge-thiazides, i-loop, i-potassium-sparing, i-osmotic okanye i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza nokusebenza kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yezintso, ekufuneka imiselwe ngokuxhomekeke kwingxaki eza kunyangwa.

1. I-Thiazide diuretics

Ezi diuretics zinendlela yazo yokusebenza yokuthintela ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwesodiyamu kwinxalenye yokuqala yesifo sezintso sezintso, ukwandisa ukuphuma kwayo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweekloride kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elincinci, le potassium kunye nemagnesium, ethi ikhokelele ukupheliswa kwamanzi. La mayeza asebenza ngokulingeneyo.

Amagama enzala / generic: Eminye imizekelo ye-thiazide diuretics yi-indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), i-hydrochlorothiazide (i-Diurix, i-Hidromed) kunye ne-chlorothalidone (i-Higroton).

Iimpawu zonyango: Ngokubanzi, i-diuretics kule klasi ibonakalisiwe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nonyango olungapheliyo lwe-edema enxulunyaniswa nokusilela kwentliziyo, isibindi sokuqina kwesifo kunye nesifo sezintso.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo: Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngexesha lonyango ngala machiza sesiyezi, intloko ebuthathaka, ubuthathaka, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, iicramps, urhudo, ukuqhina, cholecystitis, pancreatitis kunye negazi kunye nokuphazamiseka kolusu.

2. I-Loure diuretics

I-Loop diuretics isebenza ngokuthintela ukubuyiselwa kwe-sodium kwisebe elinyukayo le-Henle, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi kwakhona. Ukongeza, la mayeza anegalelo ngqo ekuhambeni kwegazi, okubangela i-vasodilation kunye nokunciphisa ukunganyangeki kwe-vascular renal. La mayeza anefuthe elinamandla lokuchama, ngokuqala ngokukhawuleza kwexesha elifutshane

Amagama aqhelekileyo / okuthengisa: I-Furosemide (i-Lasix, i-Neosemid) ngumzekelo we-loop diuretic esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Funda indlela yokusebenzisa kunye naziphi na izinto ezichasene ne-furosemide.

Iimpawu zonyango: I-Loure diuretics ibonakalisiwe kulawulo lwe-edema ye-pulmonary edema kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-edema, ukusilela kwe-renal kunye ne-arterial hypertension. Ukongeza, banokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hypercalcemia ebukhali, njengoko bekhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-calcium yokuchama.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo: Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho ngexesha lonyango kukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte, ukomisa amanzi emzimbeni, i-hypovolemia, ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-creatinine kunye ne-triglycerides egazini, ukuhlaselwa yi-gout kunye nokunyusa umthamo we-urinary.

3. I-potassium-sparing diuretics

Olu nyango luthintela ukukhutshwa kwe potassium kwinqanaba lesiphelo sethubhu edlulayo kunye nakwityhubhu yokuqokelela, enokuthi okanye ingenayo inyathelo lokuchasa i-aldosterone.

I-Spironolactone sisichasi esithile se-aldosterone, esisebenza ikakhulu kwindawo yokutshintshiselana nge-aldosterone kunye ne-potassium ion exchange, ebekwe kwi-tubule echaziweyo yezintso kwaye ikhokelela ekwandeni kweesodium kunye namanzi ekufuneka ekhutshiwe, ngelixa i-potassium igcinwe.

Amagama aqhelekileyo / okuthengisa: Eminye imizekelo ye-potassium-sparing diuretics yi-amiloride, enxulunyaniswa kuphela nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo, kunye ne-spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua). Bona ezinye izikhombisi zonyango ze-spironolactone.

Iimpawu zonyango: I-Potassium-sparing diuretics inesenzo esibuthathaka sokwenza umchamo kwaye, ke, kunqabile ukuba isetyenziswe yodwa kunyango lwe-edema okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye ngokubanzi inxulunyaniswa nezinye i-diuretics. Ulawulo lwayo lwentsebenziswano lwonyusa isiphumo se-diuretic kunye neempendulo ezichasayo kwi-thiazide kunye ne-loop diuretics.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo: Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kukwandiswa kwevolumu yeeseli, ukuphuma emzimbeni kunye nehipernatremia.

4. I-Osmotic diuretics

La machiza andisa i-osmolarity ye-glomerular filtrate, ebangela ukuhamba kwamanzi angaphakathi kwintsholongwane kunye ne-vascular space, ekunciphiseni i-diuresis ephawulweyo, ngenxa yoko kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-intracranial kunye ne-edema kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-intraocular.

Amagama aqhelekileyo / okuthengisa: Iipesenti ezingama-20 zeMannitol. Fumanisa ukuba isetyenziswa njani i-mannitol.

Iimpawu zonyango: I-20% ye-mannitol ibonakalisiwe kunyango lwe-edema yobuchopho, i-glaucoma ebukhali, ukusilela okunamandla kwezintso kunye nokulungiselela utyando lwamehlo.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo: Ezinye zezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo zinokubakho sisicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukunxanwa, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukungcangcazela, ifiva, ukonyusa izinga lentliziyo, iintlungu esifubeni, ihipernatremia, ukomisa, ukungaboni kakuhle, ukungaboni kakuhle okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.

5. I-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics

La machiza athintela i-anhydrase ye-carbonic, eyi-enzyme ebangela ukuphendulwa kwemichiza ebandakanya i-hydrate ye-carbon dioxide kunye ne-carbonic acid. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwehla kwe-carbonic acid, ekhokelela kwi-alkalinization yomchamo, ukukhuthaza i-diuresis.

Amagama aqhelekileyo / okuthengisa:i-acetazolamide (iDiamox). Fumanisa ukuba ungayisebenzisa njani kwaye zeziphi izinto ezichasene neDiamox.

Iimpawu zonyango: I-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ibonakalisiwe kunyango lwe-glaucoma, i-alkalinization yomchamo, i-alkalosis ye-metabolic kunye nesifo sentaba ebukhali.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo: Ezinye zeziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho yi-metabolic acidosis, ukwanda komthamo we-extracellular fluid, hyponatremia, intloko ebuhlungu, ukozela, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.