Yintoni i-radiation, iintlobo kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Umxholo

• Iindidi zemitha kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela
• 1. Imitha yelanga
• 2. Imisebe yelanga
• 3. Imitha engasebenziyo

Imitha luhlobo lwamandla asasazeka kwindalo esingqongileyo ngezantya ezahlukileyo, ezinokuthi zingene kwezinye izinto kwaye zifunxwe sisikhumba kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, zinokuba yingozi kwimpilo, zibangele izifo ezifana nomhlaza.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zemitha yimitha yelanga, ionizing kunye non-ionizing, kwaye kuhlobo ngalunye kwezi ntlobo amandla anokuveliswa ngamashishini okanye afunyenwe kwindalo.

Iindidi zemitha kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Imitha inokuhlelwa kwiindidi ezintathu, ezinje:

1. Imitha yelanga

Imitha yelanga, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimitha ye-ultraviolet, ikhutshwa lilanga kwaye imitha ye-ultraviolet inokuba ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje:

• Imitha ye-UVA: zibuthathaka kuba zinamandla amancinci kwaye zibangela ukonakala okuphezulu kulusu, njengemibimbi;
• Imitha ye-UVB: ziimitha ezinamandla kwaye zinokonakalisa iiseli zolusu ngakumbi, zibangele ukutsha kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza;
• Imitha ye-UVC: lolona hlobo lomeleleyo, kodwa alufikeleli kulusu, njengoko lukhuselwe ngumaleko weozone.

Imitha yelanga ifikelela kulusu ngamandla amakhulu phakathi kweeyure ezilishumi kusasa kunye nezine emva kwemini, kodwa nkqu nasemthunzini abantu banokuvezwa yimitha yelanga.

Ukuhlala elangeni ixesha elide kunokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga kunye nokubethwa bubushushu, kuxa kulapho ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ifiva, ukugabha kwanokufa isiqaqa. Ukongeza, ukubonakaliswa okugqithileyo kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kungakhokelela ekubonakaleni komhlaza wolusu obangela amanxeba, iintsumpa, okanye amabala kulusu. Nantsi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu.

Indlela yokuzikhusela: eyona ndlela yokuzikhusela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kukusebenzisa i-sunscreen yemihla ngemihla ubuncinci bokukhusela i-30, ukunxiba iminqwazi ukukhusela ubuso bakho kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nokuthintela ukususwa okungaxutywanga. Kwaye okwangoku, kubalulekile ukunqanda ilanga phakathi emini, xa ubukhulu bemitha bukhulu kakhulu.

2. Imisebe yelanga

Imitha ye-Ionizing luhlobo lwamandla aphezulu aveliswa kwizityalo zamandla, ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zeradiotherapy nakwiimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje ngecomputer tomography.

Ukuboniswa kolu hlobo lwemitha kufuneka kungabi ncinane, kuba abantu abachanabeke kulo ixesha elide, banokuphuhlisa iingxaki zempilo, ezinjengokugabha, ukugabha, ukuba buthathaka kunye nokutsha eluswini kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi ukubonakaliswa kolunye uhlobo womhlaza.

Indlela yokuzikhusela: ukusebenza kovavanyo olukhupha imitha ye-ionizing, kufuneka kwenziwe ngesalathiso sonyango, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, azibangeli ngxaki kwezempilo, njengoko zihlala zikhawuleza.

Nangona kunjalo, iingcali eziye zavezwa kolu hlobo lwemitha ixesha elide, ezinje ngabasebenzi abasebenza kwicandelo le-radiotherapy kunye nabasebenzi bezityalo zamandla enyukliya, kufuneka basebenzise iidosiimitha zemitha kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela, ezinje ngevesti yelothe.

3. Imitha engasebenziyo

Imitha ye-non-ionizing luhlobo lwamandla asezantsi asasazeka ngamaza ombane, kwaye anokuvela kwimithombo yendalo okanye engaqhelekanga. Eminye imizekelo yolu hlobo lwemitha ngamaza akhutshwa ngoonomathotholo, iiselfowuni, ii-eriyali zeTV, izibane zombane, iinethiwekhi ze-wi-fi, ii-microwave kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane.

Ngokubanzi, imitha ye-non-ionizing ayibangeli monakalo empilweni kuba ithwala amandla amancinci, nangona kunjalo, abantu abasebenza ngeenkqubo zombane, ezinje ngombane kunye neinsimbi, basemngciphekweni wokufumana ingozi kunye nokufumana umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu wamandla kwaye kukutsha emzimbeni.

Indlela yokuzikhusela: Imitha enganyangiyo ayibangeli ukugula okunzulu, ke ngoko akukho mfuneko yamanyathelo okhuseleko athile. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi abanxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neentambo zombane kunye neejenereyitha kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zabo zokukhusela ukuthintela iingozi ezinokwenzeka.