Umsebenzi weKhonkrithi wokuSebenza koPhuculo lwengqondo

Umxholo

• Lithini inqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi?
• Kwenzeka nini isigaba sokusebenza sekhonkrithi?
• Iimpawu zenqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi
• Ukwahlulahlula
• Ulondolozo
• Ulawulo
• Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona
• Uluhlu
• Intlalontle
• Imizekelo yenqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi
• Ulondolozo
• Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokwabela abaphantsi amagunya
• Intlalontle
• Imisebenzi yenqanaba lokusebenza lekhonkrithi
• Funda kwitafile yesidlo sangokuhlwa
• Thelekisa iilekese
• Yakha ngeebhloko
• Bhaka ii-cookies
• Xelela amabali
• Dlala ebhafini
• Cwangcisa itheko
• Yise kude

Xa umntwana wakho oneminyaka engama-7 ubudala engavumiyo ukukhwela ihashe kuba ibenza bathimle, yima kwaye ucinge. Ngaba benze unxibelelwano oluphosileyo? Rhoxisa iklasi kwaye ubhiyozele! Umntwana wakho uyakubonisa ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba elitsha lokukhula: Banokwenza ikhonkco elisengqiqweni phakathi kweziganeko ezingafaniyo.

Ngokwengcali yezengqondo yaseSwitzerland uJean Piaget, kukho amanqanaba amane okuphuhla kwengqondo (ukucinga nokuqiqa) esihamba kuwo njengoko sikhula sisiba ngabantu abadala. Eli nqanaba lesithathu libizwa ngokuba linqanaba lokusebenza lekhonkrithi.

Lithini inqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi?

Uzibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kweli nqanaba? Ingcebiso: Ikhonkrithi kuthetha izinto ezibonakalayo kunye ukusebenza kuthetha indlela yokuqiqa yokusebenza okanye ukucinga. Ukukubeka ngokudibeneyo konke, umntwana wakho uqala ukucinga ngokufanelekileyo nangokwengqiqo, kodwa bathambekele ekuthinteleni ekucingeni ngezinto zomzimba.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokukhula, umntwana wakho uya kuqonda kwakhona ingcinga engaqondakaliyo, kwaye uya kuba nakho ukwenza ifilosofi kunye.

Kwenzeka nini isigaba sokusebenza sekhonkrithi?

Isigaba sokusebenza sekhonkrithi sihlala siqala xa umntwana wakho ebetha i-7 yeminyaka kwaye sihlala de afike kwi-11. Cinga ngalo njengenqanaba lotshintsho phakathi kwamanqanaba amabini okuqala ophuhliso (i-sensorimotor kunye ne-preoperational) kunye nenqanaba lesine (inqanaba lokusebenza ngokusesikweni).

Abanye abaphandi babuza umda wexesha likaPiaget. Babonakalisile ukuba abantwana abancinci njengama-6 kunye neminyaka emi-4 ubudala, bayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuqonda ebonakalisa eli nqanaba (okanye ubuncinci ezinye zeempawu zeli nqanaba.) Ke sukumangaliswa xa umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-4 ubudala yalatha into esengqiqweni ongakhange uyicinge kuqala.

Iimpawu zenqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi

Ke yintoni egcinelwe nina nobabini kule minyaka ili-4 izayo? Nalu uluhlu lweempawu eziphambili zeli nqanaba libalulekileyo lophuhliso. Ukuzonwabisa nje, sidwelise ngokulandelelana koonobumba. (Hayi, konke oku malunga nengcinga esengqiqweni!)

Ukwahlulahlula

Kukho amacandelo amabini kuhlelo. Omnye uhlela izinto ngokwamacandelo. Umntwana wakho sele eqokelele iintyatyambo nezilwanyana zibe ngamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo.

Okwangoku, banokuhamba inyathelo elinye ukuya phambili. Bayayiqonda into yokuba kukho iindidi eziphantsi kweqela, njengeentyatyambo ezityheli nezibomvu okanye izilwanyana ezibhabhayo kunye nezilwanyana ezidadayo.

Ulondolozo

Oku kukuqonda ukuba into inokuhlala ngokufanayo kubungakanani nangona ijongeka yahlukile. Ibhola yokudlala intlama ikwangumlinganiso nokuba uyayifaka isikwati okanye uyisongele kwibhola.

Ulawulo

Oku kubotshelelwe kulondolozo. Umntwana wakho kufuneka afumane ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ukuze akwazi ukugcina ngokuchanekileyo.Konke malunga nokugxila kwizinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

Uluhlu lweephepha eziqhotyoshelwe ezintlanu luluhlu lweephepha ezi-5 zephepha, nokuba ungazibeka kude kangakanani. Okwangoku umntwana wakho uyakuqonda oku kuba banokusebenzisa amanani kunye nobude ngaxeshanye.

Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona

Oku kubandakanya ukuqonda ukuba amanyathelo anokubuyiselwa umva. Uhlobo lwee-gymnastics zengqondo. Apha, umntwana wakho unokufumanisa ukuba imoto yakho yi-Audi, i-Audi yimoto kwaye imoto iyisithuthi.

Uluhlu

Konke malunga nokuhlelwa ngengqondo iqela lezinto kuhlobo oluthile lokulandelelana. Ngoku umntwana wakho angahlela ukusuka kwelona lide ukuya kwelona lifutshane, okanye elona libhityileyo ukuya kwelona likhulu.

Intlalontle

Olu luphawu obukade ululindile! Umntwana wakho akasenantlonelo kwaye ugxile ngokupheleleyo kuye. Bayakwazi ukuqonda ukuba uMama uneengcinga zakhe, iimvakalelo kunye nexesha.

Ewe, uMama ufuna ukushiya ipaki ngoku. Hayi emva kwale mijikelezo mihlanu yokugqibela kwisilayidi.

Imizekelo yenqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi

Masenze iimpawu zeli nqanaba kube lula ukuziqonda.

Ulondolozo

Ugalela indebe ende yesoda kwikomityi emfutshane. Ngaba umntwana wakho uyayamkela ngoxolo indebe emfutshane? Mhlawumbi kunjalo. Kweli nqanaba bafumanise ukuba isixa esikwindebe yokuqala asitshintshi kuba indebe entsha imfutshane kunale yokuqala. Uyifumene: oku malunga nolondolozo.

Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokwabela abaphantsi amagunya

Qhuba. Bonisa umntwana wakho iintyatyambo ezibomvu ezine nezimhlophe ezimbini. Emva koko babuze, "Ngaba zikhona iintyatyambo ezibomvu ngaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu?" Xa uneminyaka emi-5 ubudala, umntwana wakho uyakuthi athi, "Eminye ibomvu."

Kodwa xa befika kwinqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi, bayakwazi ukuba nesidima kwaye bagxile kwizinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye: inani kunye neklasi. Ngoku, bayakuqonda ukuba kukho iklasi kunye nodidi oluphantsi kwaye bayakwazi ukuphendula, "Iintyatyambo ezingakumbi." Umntwana wakho usebenzisa ubuchwephesha bohlelo kunye nokwabela abaphantsi amagunya.

Intlalontle

Xa ungaziva mnandi kwaye uphumle esofeni uvale amehlo, ngaba umntwana wakho uza nengubo oyithandayo? Kwinqanaba lokusebenza kwekhonkrithi, bayakwazi ukudlula ngaphaya kwento abayifunayo kwaye bacinge ngento efunwa ngomnye umntu.

Imisebenzi yenqanaba lokusebenza lekhonkrithi

Ulungele ukuthatha inyathelo? Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba indlela acinga ngayo umntwana wakho itshintsha njani, nolu uluhlu lwezinto ezimnandi onokuzenza kunye ukomeleza ezi zakhono zokuqonda.

Funda kwitafile yesidlo sangokuhlwa

Thatha ibhokisi encinci yobisi uyigalele kwiglasi ende, emxinwa. Thatha ibhokisi yesibini yobisi uyigalele kwiglasi emfutshane. Buza umntwana wakho ukuba yeyiphi iglasi enezinye.

Thelekisa iilekese

Hambisa kwimivalo yeelekese kwi dessert. Nawe ufumana enye! (Lo ngumsebenzi onzima kwaye kufanelekile ukuba uphathwe.) Yaphula ibha yeelekese ibe ngamaqhekeza, uzisasaze kancinci, kwaye ubuze umntwana wakho ukuba akhethe phakathi kweelekese ezimbini - enye yaphukile kwaye enye imile. Inkqubo yokubonakalayo yenza kube lula ukufunda ukuba ii-candy bar ziyafana. Imalunga nolondolozo.

Yakha ngeebhloko

Iziqwenga zeLego zingafundisa nolondolozo. Yakha inqaba enkulu. Kwaye ke mvumele umntwana wakho ukuba awaphule. (Ewe, iLegos isenokukrwela phantsi kwesingqengqelo.) Ngoku babuze, "Ngaba bekukho amanye amaqhekeza kwinqaba eyakhiweyo okanye kwindawo esasazekileyo?"

Bhaka ii-cookies

Izibalo zinokuba mnandi! Bhaka amaqebengwana etshokholethi kwaye usebenzise iikomityi zokulinganisa ukunika umntwana wakho ingqiqo yamaqhezu. Thetha malunga nokuba sisiphi isithako esibonisa isixa esikhulu. Cela umntwana wakho azidwelise ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kwaye ke ukhaliphe kwaye uphinde uphinde ufumane iresiphi yokuziqhelanisa. Njengoko umntwana wakho esiba nobuchule ngakumbi, qhubela phambili kwiingxaki zamagama. Oku kuyabanceda ukuba bakhulise ukucinga kwabo okungacacanga.

Xelela amabali

Ngaba unexesha elininzi? Thatha ibali lomntwana wakho alithandayo kwaye ulichwetheze. Emva koko lisike ibali libe kwiziqendu. Ngokudibeneyo, ninokubeka ibali ngokulandelelana. Thatha eli nyathelo ukuqhubela phambili kwaye ukhuthaze umntwana wakho ukuba abe ngomnye wabalinganiswa. Benza ntoni ngokulandelayo? Bavakalelwa njani? Banxiba ntoni kwitheko elinxitywayo?

Dlala ebhafini

Ukuba ungumlandeli wezenzululwazi, cela umntwana wakho ukuba adade izinto ezahlukeneyo ebhafini ukuze abone ukuba yeyiphi esinki kwaye yeyiphi edadayo. Umntwana wakho akazukuba nengxaki yokukhumbula amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kulingo. Ke bakhuthaze ukuba bagqithe kule kwaye baqwalasele izinto ezijikile. Ngaba banokukuxelela ukuba leliphi inyathelo lokugqibela? Kwaye leliphi inyathelo elize ngaphambi koko? Yonke indlela eya kwinqanaba lokuqala?

Cwangcisa itheko

Cela umntwana wakho akuncede ucwangcise itheko elothusayo likaMakhulu (okanye omnye umntu omthandayo). Kuya kufuneka bacinge ngokutya okuthandwayo nguMakhulu kwaye nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwesipho uMakhulu angasifuna. Konke malunga nokuhamba ngaphaya kwesangqa sabo se-egocentric. Kwaye ukhuphe ii-cookies zetshokholethi ozibhakiweyo. Ukuba uyiphindaphinde iresiphi, uya kuba nokuninzi.

Yise kude

Ungazingca kakhulu ngomntwana wakho ngokufikelela kula manqanaba ophuhliso. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba ukucinga komntwana wakho kuselukhuni kakhulu. Yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba usengxakini ngengqondo. Baza kufikelela kwezi milestone ngesantya sabo kwaye uya kubakho ukubonwabisa ngakumbi.