Intliziyo enkulu (i-cardiomegaly): yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Izizathu ezinokubangela isifo senhliziyo
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza
• 2. Ukubekwa pacemaker
• 3. Utyando lwentliziyo
• 4. Uqhaqho ngokudlula kwiCoronary
• 5. Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo
• Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka
• Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango

I-Cardiomegaly, eyaziwa ngokuba yintliziyo enkulu, ayisosifo, kodwa luphawu lwesinye isifo sentliziyo esifana nokwehluleka kwentliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, iingxaki zezivalo zentliziyo okanye i-arrhythmia, umzekelo. Ezi zifo zingenza izihlunu zentliziyo ziqine okanye amagumbi wentliziyo abe banzi, yenze ukuba intliziyo ibenkulu.

Olu hlobo lotshintsho entliziyweni lwenzeka rhoqo kubantu abadala, kodwa lunokwenzeka nakwabantu abadala abancinci okanye kubantwana abaneengxaki zentliziyo kwaye, kwinqanaba lokuqala, isenokungabonakali mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokukhula kwentliziyo, ukumpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba kuyaphazamiseka, okubangela ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane, umzekelo.

Nangona imeko enzulu enokubangela ukufa, i-cardiomegaly inokunyangwa ngugqirha wezifo zonyango okanye unyango, kwaye iyanyangeka xa ichongwa ekuqaleni.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-cardiomegaly ngokubanzi ayibonisi zimpawu, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubeka kwengxaki, intliziyo iqala ukuba nobunzima obukhulu ekumpompa igazi emzimbeni ngokufanelekileyo.

Kumanqanaba aphambili, iimpawu eziphambili ze-cardiomegaly zibandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomthambo, ekuphumleni okanye xa ulele ngomqolo;
• Ukuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga;
• Iintlungu zesifuba;
• Khohlela, ngakumbi xa ulele phantsi;
• Isiyezi nokufa isiqaqa;
• Ukuba buthathaka nokudinwa xa usenza iinzame ezincinci;
• Ukudinwa rhoqo;
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngexesha lomthambo, ekuphumleni okanye xa ulele ngomqolo;
• Ukudumba emilenzeni, emaqatheni okanye ezinyaweni;
• Ukudumba okugqithisileyo esiswini.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nodokotela wezifo zentliziyo kamsinya nje zakuvela ezi mpawu, okanye ufune isebe elikhawulezileyo lexakeka ukuba ufumana iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo esifana nentlungu esifubeni kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Yazi indlela yokuqonda imiqondiso yokuqala yeengxaki zentliziyo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwe-cardiomegaly kwenziwa ngokusekwe kwimbali yeklinikhi kunye novavanyo olunje ngee-x-reyi, i-electrocardiograms, i-echocardiograms, ikhomputha ye-tomography okanye i-magnetic resonance yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zegazi zinokuyalelwa ukuba kukhangelwe amanqanaba ezinye izinto egazini ezinokubangela ingxaki yentliziyo.

Ezinye iintlobo zovavanyo ezinokuthi zi-odolwe zii-cardiologist zi-catheterization, ekuvumela ukuba ujonge intliziyo ngaphakathi kunye ne-biopsy yentliziyo, enokuthi yenziwe ngexesha le-catheterization yokuvavanya ukonakala kweeseli zentliziyo. Fumanisa ukuba yenziwa njani na into yokubulala iintlungu ngentliziyo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela isifo senhliziyo

I-Cardiomegaly ihlala isisiphumo sezifo ezinje:

• Inkqubo yoxinzelelo lwegazi;
• Iingxaki ze-Coronary ezifana nokukhubazeka kwe-coronary;
• Ukungoneli kwentliziyo;
• Ukucwangciswa kwentliziyo;
• Cardiomyopathy;
• Isuntswana lomfanekiso
• Isifo sentliziyo ngenxa yesifo samathambo okanye isifo sentliziyo esifana ne-endocarditis;
• Isifo seswekile;
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi pulmonary;
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga;
• Ukungabikho kwezintso;
• Anemia;
• Iingxaki kwi-thyroid gland njenge-hypo okanye i-hyperthyroidism;
• Amanqanaba aphezulu esinyithi egazini;
• Isifo seChagas;
• Utywala.

Ukongeza, amanye amayeza anyanga umhlaza, njenge-doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin okanye i-cyclophosphamide, nayo inokubangela ukubonakala kwe-cardiomegaly.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-cardiomegaly kufuneka ikhokelwe yi-cardiologist kwaye ihlala ibandakanya:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza

Amachiza anokuchazwa yi-cardiologist ukunyanga i-cardiomegaly zezi:

• Womchamo njenge-furosemide okanye i-indapamide: banceda ukususa ulwelo oluninzi emzimbeni, ukubathintela ekuqokelelekeni kwimithambo kunye nokuphazamisa ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukongeza ukunciphisa ukudumba esiswini nasemilenzeni, iinyawo kunye namaqatha;
• Iziyobisi ezichasayo njenge-captopril, i-enalapril, i-losartan, i-valsartan, i-carvedilol okanye i-bisoprolol: banceda ekuphuculeni ukwanda kweenqanawa, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nokwenza lula umsebenzi wentliziyo;
• Iintsholongwane njenge-warfarin okanye i-aspirin: ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, ukuthintela ukuvela kwamahlwili anokubangela ukubola okanye ukubetha;
• Ulwaphulo lomculo Njenge-digoxin: yomeleza imisipha yentliziyo, iququzelele ukusikwa kwaye ivumele ukupompa kwegazi okusebenzayo

Ukusetyenziswa kwala machiza kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso lwe-cardiologist kunye namayeza athile kumntu ngamnye.

2. Ukubekwa pacemaker

Kwezinye iimeko ze-cardiomegaly, ngakumbi kwizigaba eziphambili, i-cardiologist ingabonisa ukubekwa kwe-pacemaker ukulungelelanisa iimpembelelo zombane kunye nokunciphisa isisu senhliziyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuququzelela umsebenzi wentliziyo.

3. Utyando lwentliziyo

Utyando lwentliziyo lunokwenziwa ngugqirha wezifo zentliziyo ukuba unobangela we-cardiomegaly sisiphene okanye utshintsho kwiipavini zentliziyo. Utyando lukuvumela ukuba ulungise okanye ubeke enye ivelufa echaphazelekayo.

4. Uqhaqho ngokudlula kwiCoronary

Utyando lwe-Coronary bypass lunokuboniswa yi-cardiologist ukuba i-cardiomegaly ibangelwa ziingxaki zemithambo yegazi ejongene nokunkcenkceshela intliziyo.

Olu tyando luvumela ukulungisa nokulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi echaphazelekayo kwaye kunceda ukulawula iimpawu zesifo esifubeni kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

5. Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo

Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kunokwenziwa ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi kulawulo lweempawu zentliziyo, lukhetho lokugqibela lonyango. Fumanisa ukuba ukufakelwa kwentliziyo kwenziwa njani.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yi-cardiomegaly zezi:

• Isuntswana lomfanekiso
• Ukuqulunqwa kwamahlwili egazi;
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac;
• Ukufa ngesiquphe.

Ezi ngxaki zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yentliziyo eyandisiweyo kunye nonobangela we-cardiomegaly. Ke ngoko, nanini na xa kurhanelwa ingxaki yentliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo lonyango.

Ukunyamekela ngexesha lonyango

Amanyathelo athile abalulekileyo ngexesha lonyango lwe-cardiomegaly yile:

• Musa ukutshaya;
• Gcina ubunzima obuphilileyo;
• Gcina amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ephantsi kolawulo kwaye uthathe unyango lweswekile olucetyiswe ngugqirha wakho;
• Ngaba ukubeka iliso kwezonyango ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu;
• Gwema iziselo ezinxilisayo kunye ne-caffeine;
• Sukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezinje ngecocaine okanye amphetamines;
• Yenza imithambo yomzimba ekhuthazwa ngugqirha;
• Ukulala ubuncinci iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-9 ngobusuku.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba ulandele ugqirha wezinto zentliziyo ekufuneka akhokele utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nokutya ukutya okunezakha mzimba okunamafutha, iswekile okanye ityuwa. Jonga uluhlu olupheleleyo lokutya olulungele intliziyo.