Placenta: yintoni, imisebenzi kunye notshintsho olunokwenzeka

Umxholo

• Yenziwa njani i-placenta
• Iingxaki ezi-6 eziqhelekileyo kwi-placenta
• 1. Iplacenta yangaphambili
• 2. Ukhuseleko lweplacental
• 3. Iplacenta accreta
• 4. I-placenta ebalulwe okanye ekhulile
• 5. I-infarction ye-Placental okanye i-placental thrombosis
• 6. Ukuqhekeka kwesibeleko

Indawo yokuma kwendalo lilungu elenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, eyona ndima yakhe iphambili kukukhuthaza unxibelelwano phakathi kukamama nomntwana ongekazalwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe iimeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso lomntwana.

Imisebenzi ephambili ye-placenta yile:

• Ukubonelela ngezondlo kunye neoksijini emntwaneni;
• Ukukhuthaza imveliso yehomoni eyimfuneko ekukhulelweni;
• Ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lwe-immunological kusana;
• Khusela umntwana kwiimpembelelo esiswini sikanina;
• Susa inkunkuma eveliswa lusana, efana nomchamo.

I-placenta ibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana, nangona kunjalo, ngexa lokukhulelwa, inokufumana utshintsho olungafunekiyo, izise umngcipheko kunye neengxaki kumama emntwaneni.

Yenziwa njani i-placenta

Ukubunjwa kwe-placenta, ngokukhawuleza ukufakwa kwisibeleko, kwenziwa ngamaseli avela kwisibeleko kunye nosana. Ukukhula kwe-placenta kukhawuleza kwaye sele kwikota yesithathu yokukhulelwa, inkulu kunomntwana. Malunga neeveki ezili-16 zokumitha, isibeleko kunye nosana zilingana ngokulinganayo, kwaye ukuphela kokukhulelwa umntwana sele sele enzima malunga namaxesha ama-6 kune-placenta.

I-placenta iyacocwa ngexesha lokuhanjiswa, nokuba kukuyeka okweqanda okanye kwendalo. Ngexesha lokubeleka eliqhelekileyo, i-placenta ihamba ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-4 ukuya kwe-5 yeengcungcutheko zesibeleko, ezingabalulekanga kangako kunaleyo yesibeleko yenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba komntwana.

Iingxaki ezi-6 eziqhelekileyo kwi-placenta

Umgangatho ofanelekileyo kukuba i-placenta ihlale ihleli kakuhle ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuze ukukhula komntwana kwenzeke ngesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokubakho utshintsho kwi-placenta ngexa lokukhulelwa, okunokuba neziphumo kumama nakusana ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo akathathwanga. Olunye utshintsho olunokuchaphazela i-placenta zezi:

1. Iplacenta yangaphambili

I-placenta previa, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-placenta esezantsi, yenzeka xa i-placenta ikhula ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kumazantsi esibeleko, anokuthintela ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo. I-placenta previa ixhaphakile ekukhulelweni kwasekuqaleni kwaye ayikhathazi kakhulu, kuba ngokukhula kwesibeleko, ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-placenta ifuduselwe kwindawo efanelekileyo, ivumela ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa i-placenta previa iqhubeka de ikota yesithathu yokukhulelwa, inokuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana kunye nokuhanjiswa. Olu tshintsho luhlala luhamba rhoqo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngamawele, abanamava esibeleko, abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala okanye abaneplasenta yangaphambili.

Ukuvela kweplasenta esezantsi kunokubonwa ngokuphuma kwegazi kwilungu lobufazi, kubalulekile ukuba ubonane nodokotela wezifo zabasetyhini kunye / okanye ugqirha obelekisayo ukwenza uxilongo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye neengxaki ngexesha lokubeleka. Jonga ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo se-placenta previa kwaye lunjani unyango.

2. Ukhuseleko lweplacental

Ukuchongwa kwe-placenta kungqinelana nemeko apho i-placenta yahlulwe eludongeni lwesibeleko, kwaye ukopha kwilungu lobufazi kunye nesisu esibuhlungu kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwahlulwa kweplasenta, kukho ukwehla kwenani lezakhamzimba kunye neoksijini ethunyelwe umntwana, iphazamisa ukukhula kwayo.

Ukukhutshwa kweplacental kunokuvela rhoqo emva kweveki ye-20 yokukhulelwa kwaye kunokubangela ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwexesha. Yazi ukuba wenzeni ukuba i-placenta ihamba.

3. Iplacenta accreta

I-placenta accreta yimeko apho i-placenta inokulungiswa okungaqhelekanga kwisibeleko, ukuxhathisa ukushiya ngexesha lokuhanjiswa. Le ngxaki inokubangela ukopha okufuna utofelo-gazi kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwesibeleko, ukongeza ekubekeni ubomi bomfazi emngciphekweni.

4. I-placenta ebalulwe okanye ekhulile

Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwaye inxulumene nenqanaba lokukhula kweplasenta. Olu tshintsho luyingxaki kuphela ukuba i-placenta ihlelwe njengebanga lesi-III ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-34, njengoko inokubangela ukuba umntwana ongezantsi akhule. Ngokubanzi, umfazi akanazimpawu kwaye le ngxaki ichongwa ngugqirha kwii-ultrasound eziqhelekileyo.

Funda ngakumbi ngamanqanaba okuvuthwa kweplacenta.

5. I-infarction ye-Placental okanye i-placental thrombosis

I-infarction ye-Placental yenzeka xa kukho isitya segazi esivaliweyo kwi-placenta, ebonisa isifo se-thrombosis kunye nesiphumo sokwehla kwenani legazi eliya emntwaneni. Nangona le ngxaki inokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu, ayinakubangela iingxaki zokukhulelwa kwaye ingabonakali. Jonga ukuba wenze ntoni xa usiya kwi-placental thrombosis.

6. Ukuqhekeka kwesibeleko

Kukuphazamiseka kwezihlunu zesibeleko ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka, elinokubangela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokufa komama okanye komntwana. Ukuqhekeka kwesibeleko yinto enqabileyo, inyangwa ngoqhaqho ngexesha lokubeleka, kwaye iimpawu zalo ziintlungu eziqatha, ukopha kwilungu lobufazi kunye nokwehla kwentliziyo yomntwana.

Ukuthintela kunye nokuchonga utshintsho kwi-placenta ngaphambi kokuqala kweengxaki ezinzulu, kufuneka kuboniswane neengcali zokubelekisa kunye neemvavanyo eziyimfuneko ze-ultrasound ezenziwe kwinqanaba ngalinye lokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko zokopha kwilungu lobufazi okanye iintlungu ezinzima zesibeleko, ugqirha kufuneka kuboniswane naye.