Uhlalutyo lweCerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Umxholo

• Zithathwa njani iisampulu ze-CSF
• Iinkqubo ezinxulumene noko
• Umngcipheko wokugqobhoza empontshwa
• Kutheni uvavanyo luyalelwe
• Izifo ezifunyenwe luhlalutyo lweCSF
• Izifo ezosulelayo
• Ukopha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo yomzimba
• Amathumba
• Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF kunye ne-multiple sclerosis
• Ukuvavanywa kweelebhu kunye nohlalutyo lwe-CSF
• Ukutolika iziphumo zakho zovavanyo
• Ukulandela emva kohlalutyo lwe-CSF

Luthini uhlalutyo lwe-CSF?

Uhlalutyo lweCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yindlela yokujonga iimeko ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nomqolo wakho. Kuluhlu lweemvavanyo zaselebhu ezenziwa kwisampulu ye-CSF. I-CSF lulwelo olucacileyo olwenza imithambo kwaye ihambise izondlo kwinkqubo yakho ye-nervous system (CNS). I-CNS inengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo.

I-CSF iveliswa yiplexus ye-choroid kwingqondo emva koko iphinde yangena kwigazi lakho. Ulwelo lutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Ukongeza ekuhambiseni izondlo, i-CSF ihamba ujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo womqolo, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokuhambisa inkunkuma.

Isampulu ye-CSF iqokelelwa rhoqo ngokwenza i-lumbar puncture, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimpompo yomqolo. Uhlalutyo lwesampulu lubandakanya umlinganiso woviwo lwe:

• uxinzelelo lolwelo
• iiproteni
• iswekile
• iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• imichiza
• iintsholongwane
• iintsholongwane
• ezinye izinto eziphilayo okanye izinto zangaphandle

Uhlalutyo lunokubandakanya:

• ukulinganiswa kweempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nokubonakala kwe-CSF
• Uvavanyo lweekhemikhali kwizinto ezifumaneka kulwelo lwakho lomqolo okanye uthelekiso kumanqanaba ezinto ezifanayo ezifumaneka egazini lakho
• ukubalwa kweseli kunye nokuchwetheza kwazo naziphi na iiseli ezifumaneka kwi-CSF yakho
• Ukuchongwa kwazo naziphi na iintsholongwane ezingabangela izifo ezosulelayo

I-CSF inxibelelana ngqo nengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Ke uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lusebenza ngakumbi kunovavanyo lwegazi lokuqonda iimpawu ze-CNS.Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ngakumbi ukufumana isampuli yomgogodla kunesampulu yegazi. Ukungena kumjelo womqolo ngenaliti kufuna ulwazi lweengcali ngomqolo womzimba kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo kwayo nayiphi na imeko engaphantsi kwengqondo okanye yomqolo enokuthi inyuse umngcipheko weengxaki ezivela kwinkqubo.

Zithathwa njani iisampulu ze-CSF

Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar ngokubanzi kuthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Yenziwa ngugqirha oqeqeshelwe ngokukodwa ukuqokelela i-CSF.

I-CSF ihlala ithathwa kwindawo yakho engezantsi, okanye kumqolo obuhlungu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uzolile ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lenkqubo. Ngale ndlela unqanda ukubekwa kwenaliti engachanekanga okanye ukwenzakala kumqolo wakho.

Unokuhlala phantsi kwaye ucelwe ukuba uncike ukuze umqolo wakho ujikeleze phambili. Okanye ugqirha wakho unokuba ulele ngecala lakho kunye nomqolo wakho ugobile kwaye amadolo akho afakwe esifubeni. Ukuguqula umqolo wakho kwenza indawo phakathi kwamathambo akho kumqolo osezantsi.

Emva kokuba usesikhundleni, umqolo wakho uhlambulukile ngesisombululo esinyumba. Iodine isetyenziselwa ukucoca. Indawo engenabungozi igcinwa kuyo yonke inkqubo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Isithambisi okanye isipreyi esikalisayo sisetyenziswa kulusu lwakho. Ugqirha wakho emva koko utofa i-anesthetic. Nje ukuba isiza sibe ndindisholo ngokupheleleyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka inaliti encinci yomqolo phakathi kweethambo zomqolo ezimbini. Uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweX-ray ekuthiwa yifluoroscopy ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziselwa ukukhokela inaliti.

Okokuqala, uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi lulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-manometer. Zombini uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolusezantsi lwe-CSF inokuba luphawu lweemeko ezithile.

Iisampulu zolwelo zithathwa emva kwenaliti. Xa ingqokelela yolwelo igqityiwe, inaliti iyasuswa. Indawo yokuhluza iyahlanjwa kwakhona. Ibhandeji iyasetyenziswa.

Uya kucelwa ukuba uhlale ulele malunga neyure enye. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wentloko, into echaphazelekayo yenkqubo.

Iinkqubo ezinxulumene noko

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu akanakuba nokugqabhuka empontshwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka ngasemva, usulelo, okanye ubuchwephesha bobuchopho obunokwenzeka. Kwezi meko, indlela yokuqokelela ye-CSF ehlaselayo efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele inokusetyenziswa, njengenye yezi zilandelayo:

• Ngexesha lokugqobhoza i-ventricular, ugqirha wakho ugqobhoza umngxunya kukhakhayi lwakho kwaye ufake inaliti ngqo kwenye yeentsimbi zengqondo yakho.
• Ngexesha lokugqobhoza komgqomo, ugqirha wakho ufaka inaliti ngasemva kwekhakhayi lakho.
• I-ventricular shunt okanye idreyini inokuqokelela i-CSF kwityhubhu ebekwa ngugqirha kwingqondo yakho. Oku kwenzelwa ukukhupha uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi.

Ukuqokelelwa kwe-CSF kuhlala kudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo. Umzekelo, idayi inokufakwa kwi-CSF yakho kwi-myelogram. Le yi-X-ray okanye i-CT yokuskena kwengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo.

Umngcipheko wokugqobhoza empontshwa

Olu vavanyo lufuna ukukhutshwa okusayiniweyo okuchaza ukuba uyabuqonda ubungozi benkqubo.

Umngcipheko ophambili onxulunyaniswa nokugqobhoza empontshwa kubandakanya:

• ukopha kwindawo yokuhlatywa ungene kulwelo lomqolo, olubizwa ngokuba yimpompo eyenzakalisayo
• ukungahambi kakuhle ngexesha nasemva kwenkqubo
• ukungaphenduli komzimba kwi-anesthetic
• usulelo kwindawo yokubhoboza
• intloko emva kovavanyo

Abantu abathatha abacoci gazi banomngcipheko ophakamileyo wokopha. Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar kuyingozi kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki zokujiya ezifana nenani eliphantsi leplatelet, ekuthiwa yi-thrombocytopenia.

Kukho umngcipheko owongezelelekileyo ukuba unobunzima bengqondo, ithumba okanye ithumba. Ezi meko zibeka uxinzelelo kwingqondo yakho. Ukugqobhoza i-lumbar kunokubangela ukuba i-herniation yengqondo yenzeke. Oku kunokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo okanye nokufa.

I-Brain herniation kukutshintsha kobume bengqondo. Ihlala ihamba noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi. Imeko ekugqibeleni inciphisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwingqondo yakho. Oku kubangela umonakalo ongenakulungiswa. Uvavanyo alunakwenziwa ukuba kukrokreleka ubunzima bengqondo.

Iindlela zokungena kunye nokungena ngaphakathi kubungozi obuninzi. Ezi ngozi zibandakanya:

• umonakalo kwintambo yakho yomgogodla okanye kwingqondo
• ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesithintelo segazi nengqondo

Kutheni uvavanyo luyalelwe

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunoku-odolwa ukuba unengxaki ye-CNS. Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona ukuba unomdlavuza kwaye ugqirha wakho ufuna ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwi-CNS.

Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunoku-odolwa ukuba unenye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• kakhulu, intloko engapheliyo
• Intamo elukhuni
• ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukudideka, okanye isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo
• ukuxhuzula
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane eziqhubekayo okanye ezomeleleyo
• ukudinwa, ukudinwa, okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha
• utshintsho olwazini
• isicaphucaphu
• umkhuhlane okanye irhashalala
• ubuntununtunu bokukhanya
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukungcangcazela
• isiyezi
• ubunzima bokuthetha
• ukuhamba nzima okanye ukungahambelani kakuhle
• Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kakhulu
• ukudakumba okunganyangekiyo kweklinikhi

Izifo ezifunyenwe luhlalutyo lweCSF

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF luyakwazi ukwahlula ngokuchanekileyo phakathi kuluhlu olubanzi lwezifo ze-CNS ezinokuthi kube nzima ukuzifumanisa. Imiqathango efunyenwe luhlalutyo lwe-CSF ibandakanya:

Izifo ezosulelayo

Iintsholongwane, ibhaktiriya, ifungi, kunye neparasites zinokuchaphazela i-CNS. Usulelo oluthile lunokufunyanwa ngohlalutyo lwe-CSF. Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-CNS lubandakanya:

• meningitis
• encephalitis
• isifo sephepha
• usulelo lomngundo
• Intsholongwane yeNayile
• Intsholongwane ye-equine encephalitis virus (EEEV)

Ukopha

Ukopha ngaphakathi kungenziwa ngohlalutyo lwe-CSF. Nangona kunjalo, ukwahlula oyena nobangela wokopha kunokufuna iskena okanye iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukubetha, okanye i-aneurysm.

Ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo yomzimba

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunokubona ukuphazamiseka kwempendulo yomzimba. Amajoni omzimba anokubangela ukonakala kwi-CNS ngokudumba, ukutshabalalisa i-myelin sheath ejikeleze imithambo-luvo, kunye nemveliso ye-antibody.

Izifo eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo zibandakanya:

• Isifo seGuillain-Barré
• sarcoidosis
• neurosyphilis
• isifo sokugubhuka

Amathumba

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunokubona amathumba aphambili kwingqondo okanye emqolo. Ikwanokubona umhlaza we-metastatic osasazeke kwi-CNS yakho kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF kunye ne-multiple sclerosis

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ekufumaneni isifo se-multiple sclerosis (MS). I-MS yimeko engapheliyo apho amajoni akho omzimba atshabalalisa ukhuselo lweemvakalelo zakho, olubizwa ngokuba yi-myelin. Abantu abane-MS banokuba neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo okanye ezizayo. Babandakanya ukuba ndindisholo okanye iintlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, iingxaki zombono, kunye nengxaki yokuhamba.

Uhlalutyo lwe-CSF lunokwenziwa ukulawula ezinye iimeko zonyango ezineempawu ezifanayo ne-MS. Ulwelo lunokubonisa imiqondiso yokuba amajoni akho omzimba akasebenzi ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya amanqanaba aphezulu e-IgG (uhlobo lwe-antibody) kunye nobukho beeproteni ezithile ezenzeka xa i-myelin isophuka. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-85 ukuya kuma-90 zabantu abane-MS banokufumana okungaqhelekanga kwi-cerebral spinal fluid.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-MS ziqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokusongela ubomi kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga. Ukujonga iiproteni kwi-CSF kunokubangela ukuba oogqirha bakhulise "izitshixo" ezibizwa ngokuba zii-biomarkers. I-Biomarkers inokunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo lwe-MS onalo ngaphambili kwaye ngokulula. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunokuvumela ukuba ufumane unyango olunokwandisa ubomi bakho ukuba unefom ye-MS eqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuvavanywa kweelebhu kunye nohlalutyo lwe-CSF

Oku kulandelayo kuhlala kulinganiswa kuhlalutyo lwe-CSF:

• ubalo lweeseli ezimhlophe
• ubalo lweseli ebomvu
• ikloride
• iswekile, okanye iswekile yegazi
• glutamine
• I-lactate dehydrogenase, eyi-enzyme yegazi
• iintsholongwane
• iantigen, okanye izinto ezinobungozi eziveliswa ziintsholongwane ezihlaselayo
• Iiproteni zizonke
• ii-oligoclonal band, ezizezinye iiproteni
• iiseli zomhlaza
• Intsholongwane yeDNA
• izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene neentsholongwane

Ukutolika iziphumo zakho zovavanyo

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba akukho nto ingaqhelekanga ifunyenwe kumqolo womqolo. Onke amanqanaba alinganisiweyo ezinto ze-CSF afunyanwa ekwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa koku kulandelayo:

• ithumba
• umhlaza wemastastatic
• ukopha
• i-encephalitis, kukudumba kwengqondo
• usulelo
• ukudumba
• Isifo iReye's syndrome, esisifo esinqabileyo, esihlala sibulala sichaphazela abantwana abanxulunyaniswa nosulelo lwentsholongwane kunye nokufakwa kwe-aspirin
• i-meningitis, onokuyifumana kwifungi, isifo sephepha, intsholongwane, okanye intsholongwane
• iintsholongwane ezinjenge-West Nile okanye i-Eastern equine
• Isifo seGuillain-Barré, esisimo sokuzimela komzimba esibangela ukukhubazeka kwaye kwenzeka emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane
• I-sarcoidosis, imeko ye-granulomatous yesizathu esingaziwayo esichaphazela amalungu amaninzi (ikakhulu imiphunga, amalungu kunye nolusu)
• I-neurosyphilis, eyenzekayo xa usulelo lwe-syphilis lubandakanya ingqondo yakho
• sclerosis, sisifo sokuzimela komzimba esichaphazela ingqondo nomqolo wakho

Ukulandela emva kohlalutyo lwe-CSF

Ukulandela kunye nembono yakho kuya kuxhomekeka kwinto ebangele ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwe-CNS lungalingani. Ukuvavanywa ngakumbi kuya kufuneka kakhulu ukuze kufunyaniswe isifo. Unyango kunye neziphumo ziya kwahluka.

I-Meningitis ebangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lwe-parasitic ngonyango olungxamisekileyo. Iimpawu ziyafana ne-viral meningitis. Nangona kunjalo, i-viral meningitis ayisoyikisi ubomi.

Abantu abane-bacterial meningitis banokufumana i-antibiotics ebanzi kude kube yinto echaphazelekayo. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile ukusindisa ubomi bakho. Inokuthintela nomonakalo osisigxina we-CNS.