Yintoni ityhefu yeCyanide?

Umxholo

• Yintoni icyanide?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yecyanide?
• Ityhefu yecyanide oyingozi
• Ityhefu engapheliyo yecyanide
• Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yecyanide kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Ichongwa njani ityhefu yecyanide?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?
• Ngaba i-cyanide ityhefu ingakhokelela nakwezinye iingxaki?
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Uyithintela njani ityhefu yecyanide

Yintoni icyanide?

ICyanide yenye yezona tyhefu zidumileyo- ukusuka kwiinoveli zokuhlola ukuya kwiimfihlakalo zokubulala, kuye kwaphuhliswa igama lokuba kubangele ukufa phantse kwangoko.

Kodwa kubomi bokwenyani, i-cyanide inzima ngakumbi. I-Cyanide inokubhekisa kuyo nayiphi na ikhemikhali enebhondi ye-carbon-nitrogen (CN), kwaye inokufumaneka kwezinye iindawo ezimangalisayo.

Umzekelo, ifunyanwa kwindawo ezininzi ukutya ukutya okutyayo okutyayo, kubandakanya iiamangile, iimbotyi zelima, isoya kunye nesipinatshi.

Unokufumana kwakhona i-cyanide kwizinto ezithile ze-nitrile ezisetyenziswa njenge-citalopram (Celexa) kunye ne-cimetidine (Tagamet). IiNitriles azinetyhefu kuba azikhuphi ngokulula i-carbon-nitrogen ion, eyinto esebenza njengetyhefu emzimbeni.

I-Cyanide yinto eyenziwayo yemetabolism emzimbeni womntu. Ikhutshwe ngamanani asezantsi ngawo wonke umphefumlo.

Iifom ezibulalayo zecyanide zibandakanya:

• Isodium cyanide (NaCN)
• I-potassium cyanide (KCN)
• ihydrogen cyanide (HCN)
• icyanogen chloride (CNCl)

Ezi fom zinokuvela njengezinto eziqinileyo, ulwelo, okanye iigesi. Kungenzeka ukuba udibane nenye yezi fomu ngexesha lomlilo wokwakha.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde indlela yokuqonda iimpawu zetyhefu yecyanide, ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu, kwaye loluphi unyango olufumanekayo.

Ziintoni iimpawu zetyhefu yecyanide?

Iimpawu zokuchazwa kwe-cyanide enetyhefu zinokubonakala kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu eliqela emva kokuvezwa.

Unokufumana:

• ubuthathaka ngokubanzi
• isicaphucaphu
• ukudideka
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukuxhuzula
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac

Indlela ochaphazeleka ngayo yityhefu yecyanide ixhomekeke:

• ithamo
• uhlobo lwecyanide
• Uvezwe ixesha elingakanani

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo onokufumana ukubonakaliswa kwe-cyanide. Ityhefu ye-cyanide enobungozi inemiphumela esoloko isongela ubomi. Iziphumo zetyhefu yecyanide ezingapheliyo ziveliswa kwizixa ezincinci ngexesha.

Ityhefu yecyanide oyingozi

I-cyanide yetyhefu enqabileyo ayinqabile, kwaye uninzi lwamatyala avela ekuchaseni ngokungazi.

Xa isenzeka, iimpawu ngequbuliso kwaye zinzima. Unokufumana:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukuxhuzula
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unetyhefu ye-cyanide, funa unyango olukhawulezileyo. Le meko isisongela ubomi.

Ityhefu engapheliyo yecyanide

Ityhefu engapheliyo yecyanide inokwenzeka ukuba uvezwa yi-hydrogen cyanide gas ngaphezulu kwexesha elininzi.

Iimpawu zihlala zihamba kancinci kwaye zonyuka ngamandla njengoko ixesha lihamba.

Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukozela
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• i-vertigo
• umbala obomvu oqaqambileyo

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zingabandakanya:

• abafundi abaxubileyo
• ulusu lweclammy
• icothisa, iphefumla kancinci
• buthathaka, ukubetha ngokukhawuleza okukhulu
• ukuxhuzula

Ukuba imeko ihlala ingafunyaniswanga kwaye inganyangwa, inokukhokelela ku:

• kukucotha, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga
• ukunciphisa ubushushu bomzimba
• imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuso, kunye namacala
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Yintoni ebangela ityhefu yecyanide kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Ityhefu yecyanide yile. Xa isenzeka, ngesiqhelo sisiphumo sokusezela umsi okanye ityhefu yengozi xa usebenza kunye okanye ujikeleze icyanide.

Unokuba semngciphekweni wokuvezwa ngengozi ukuba usebenza kwiindawo ezithile. Uninzi lweetyuwa zecyanide ezingaphiliyo zisetyenziswa kwezi mveliso zilandelayo:

• intsimbi
• imveliso yeplastiki
• ukufutha
• ukufota

Amachiza nawo angaba semngciphekweni, njengoko i-potassium kunye ne-sodium cyanides zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiilebhu.

Unokuba semngciphekweni wetyhefu yecyanide ukuba:

• Sebenzisa izixa ezigqithisileyo zesikhonkwane sokukhipha isikhonkwane esinee-organic cyanide iikhompawundi ezinje ngeasetonitrile (methyl cyanide)
• ukungenisa izixa zokutya okutya okusekwe kwizityalo, ezinje ngee-apricot kernels, amatye eetsheri kunye nemingxuma yeepesika

Ichongwa njani ityhefu yecyanide?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zetyhefu yecyanide, khangela unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zetyhefu engapheliyo ye-cyanide, jonga ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Emva kokuxoxa ngeempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba.

Kananjalo baya kuqhuba ukuvavanya eyakho:

• Inqanaba leMethemoglobin. I-Methemoglobin ilinganiswa xa kukho inkxalabo yomonzakalo wokuphefumla umsi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi lekhabhoni ye-monoxide (inqanaba le-carboxyhemoglobin). Uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho lwekhabhon monoksayidi lunokubonisa ukuba ungakanani umsi wokuphefumla okwenzekileyo.
• Inqanaba lePlasma okanye legazi. Ukuxinana kwegazi leCyanide kuhlala kungafumaneki ngexesha ukunceda ukufumanisa nokunyanga ityhefu yecyanide, kodwa banokunika ubungqina betyhefu kamva.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo?

Inyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga imeko ekrokrelwayo yetyhefu yecyanide kukuchonga umthombo wokubhengeza. Oku kuya kunceda ugqirha wakho okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo ukuba anqume indlela efanelekileyo yokuhlanjululwa.

Kwimeko yomlilo okanye esinye isehlo esingxamisekileyo, abasebenzi bezokuhlangula baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela njengemaski yobuso, izikhuselo zamehlo, kunye neiglavu eziphindwe kabini ukungena kuloo ndawo kwaye bakuse kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Ukuba utyile i-cyanide, unokunikwa amalahle asebenzayo ukunceda ukufunxa ityhefu kwaye uyicime ngokukhuselekileyo emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvezwa kweCyanide kunokuchaphazela ukungeniswa kweoksijini, ke ugqirha wakho unokulawula iipesenti ezili-100 zeoksijini ngesigqumathelo okanye ityhubhu endotracheal.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, ugqirha wakho unokulawula enye yezi zinto zimbini:

• Ikhithi yecyanide antidote kit
• ihydroxocobalamin (iCyanokit)

Ikhithi ye-cyanide antidote kit inamayeza amathathu anikwe kunye: i-amyl nitrite, isodium nitrite, kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate. I-amyl nitrite inikwa ngokuphefumla imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30, ngelixa i-nitrite yesodium ilawulwa ngemithambo ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. I-sodium thiosulfate efakwa ngaphakathi ilawulwa kangangemizuzu engama-30.

I-Hydroxocobalamin iya kuyikhupha i-cyanide ngokuzibophelela kuyo ukuze ivelise i-vitamin B-12 engenabungozi. Eli yeza lithomalalisa i-cyanide ngesantya esaneleyo ukuvumela i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-rhodanese ukuba iqhubeke nokucutha i-cyanide esibindini.

Ngaba i-cyanide ityhefu ingakhokelela nakwezinye iingxaki?

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangeki, i-cyanide yetyhefu engapheliyo okanye engapheliyo inokubangela:

• ukuxhuzula
• ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac
• ikhoma

Ngamanye amaxesha ityhefu yecyanide inokubangela ukufa.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu obathandayo uhlangabezana neempawu zetyhefu yecyanide, funa unyango kwangoko.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Umbono wakho uya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-cyanide ekhoyo, idosi, kunye nokuba utyhileke ixesha elingakanani.

Ukuba ufumene amanqanaba asezantsi okanye ukubonakaliswa okungapheliyo, imbonakalo ihlala ilungile. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengxaki.

Amanqanaba aphakathi okuvezwa kakhulu okanye okungapheliyo anokuconjululwa ngokuxilongwa okukhawulezileyo kunye nonyango.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, iimpawu zihlala zixakekile kwaye zisongela ubomi. Unyango lukaxakeka olukhawulezileyo luyimfuneko.

Uyithintela njani ityhefu yecyanide

Kukho iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwecyanide. Unga:

• Thatha amanyathelo okulumkisa xa kutshe umlilo wasekhaya. Faka kwaye ugcine izixhobo zokujonga umsi. Gwema ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zesibane kunye nezibane ze halogen, kwaye uphephe ukutshaya ebhedini.
• Khusela ikhaya lakho kwikhaya. Ukuba unabantwana abancinci, ukukhusela abantwana kwikhaya lakho kubalulekile - ngakumbi ukuba usengozini yokuvezwa emsebenzini. Gcina izikhongozeli ezibambe imichiza enetyhefu ikhuselekile kwaye iikhabhathi zigcinwe zitshixiwe.
• Landela imigaqo yokhuseleko emsebenzini. Ukuba usebenza ne-cyanide, sebenzisa iphepha elinokususwa elifunxayo ukuya kumgca wokusebenza. Gcina ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani beekhonteyina kwindawo yomsebenzi encinci kangangoko. Kuya kufuneka kwakhona uqiniseke ukuba ushiya zonke iikhemikhali kwilebhu okanye kumzi-mveliso. Musa ukuzisa iimpahla ezinokungcoliseka ekhaya okanye izixhobo zokusebenza.