Unyango olutsha lweNyango lweSifo seSwekile

Umxholo

• Amayeza amatsha eswekile
• Amachiza amatsha omlomo
• Xigduo XR
• Ungqinelwano
• UGlyxambi
• Mncedisi
• Segluromet
• Steglatro
• Inaliti ezitsha
• UTresiba
• I-Basaglar kunye neToujeo
• Xultophy
• Soliqua
• Ozempic
• Adlyxin
• I-Ryzodeg
• Amayeza eswekile kuphuhliso
• Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iziyobisi zeswekile
• Amayeza omlomo
• IiBiguanides ezinje nge-metformin
• I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)
• Meglitinides
• Isodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)
• Isulfonylureas
• Uyenazididioniones
• Ukudibanisa amayeza
• Amayeza afakiweyo
• I-insulin
• Amylin analogu
• I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 agonists)
• Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ichiza

Ngo-Meyi ka-2020, kucetyiswa ukuba abanye abenzi be-metformin bandise ukukhutshwa kwezinye zeetafile zabo kwintengiso yase-US. Kungenxa yokuba inqanaba elingamkelekanga le-carcinogen enokubakho (iarhente ebangela umhlaza) yafunyanwa kwezinye iipilisi ze-metformin ezandisiweyo. Ukuba ngoku uthatha eli chiza, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo. Baza kukucebisa malunga nokuba kufuneka uqhubeke na ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye ukuba ufuna iphepha elitsha.

Xa unesifo seswekile, umzimba wakho unengxaki yokulawula i-insulin. I-insulin yinto eveliswa yipancreas enceda umzimba wakho usebenzise iswekile (iswekile) ekutyeni okutyayo. I-insulin ihambisa iswekile egazini lakho iye kwiiseli zakho, eziyisebenzisela amandla. Kodwa ukuba umzimba wakho awuyenzi ngokwaneleyo i-insulin okanye ungayisebenzisi kakuhle, iswekile ihlala egazini lakho. Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu eglucose ixesha elide kunokonakalisa amalungu omzimba wakho.

Zimbini iintlobo zeswekile: uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sokuqala abanako ukuzenzela eyabo i-insulin. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokwenza i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo ayinako ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngelixa inye kuphela yeyeza esetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abanesifo seswekile i-insulin, iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2, kwelinye icala, banoluhlu olukhulu lokukhetha amayeza. Ngapha koko, banokufuna ukuthatha ngaphezulu kohlobo olunye lwamayeza ukunyanga imeko yabo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngeendlela ezintsha zesifo seswekile kunye neziyobisi ezisaphuhliswayo ngoku, kunye namayeza aqhele ukusetyenziswa kuzo zombini iintlobo zeswekile.

Amayeza amatsha eswekile

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwaveliswa iziyobisi ezitsha zeswekile. Oku kubandakanya iziyobisi zomlomo kunye nezitofu.

Amachiza amatsha omlomo

Ngaphandle kweSteglatro, equlathe ichiza elinye kuphela, amachiza amatsha asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2 zonke zidityanisiwe. Badibanisa amayeza amabini asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2.

La mayeza onke amachiza anegama lophawu angenazo iifom zohlobo oluqhelekileyo.

Xigduo XR

IXigduo XR, eza njengethebhulethi yomlomo ekhutshwe iiyure ezingama-24, yavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe ngo-2014. Xigduo XR idibanisa i-metformin nedapagliflozin. I-Metformin inceda ukwenza izicubu zomzimba zibuthathaka ngakumbi kwi-insulin. I-Dapagliflozin ibhloka enye yeswekile kwinkqubo yakho ekubuyiseleni igazi lakho kwizintso zakho. Ikwabangela ukuba umzimba wakho ulahle iswekile eninzi kumchamo wakho.

Ungqinelwano

I-Synjardy, eza njengecwecwe lomlomo, yavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe ngo-2015. Idibanisa amayeza e-metformin kunye ne-empagliflozin. I-Empagliflozin isebenza ngendlela efanayo nedapagliflozin.

UGlyxambi

IGlyxambi, ekwavela njengecwecwe lomlomo, yavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe ngo-2015. Idibanisa iziyobisi linagliptin kunye ne-empagliflozin. I-Linagliptin ibhloka ukonakala kwehomoni ethile emzimbeni wakho exelela iipancreas zakho ukuba zenze kwaye zikhuphe i-insulin. Ikwacothisa ukwetyisa ukutya, okucothisa ukukhutshwa kweglucose egazini lakho.

Mncedisi

I-Steglujan, eza njengecwecwe lomlomo, yamkelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Idibanisa i-ertugliflozin kunye ne-sitagliptin.

I-Ertugliflozin isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-empagliflozin. I-Sitagliptin ibhloka ukonakala kwehomoni ethile emzimbeni wakho exelela iipancreas zakho ukuba zenze kwaye zikhuphe i-insulin. Ikwacothisa ukwetyisa ukutya, okucothisa ukufunxwa kweglucose egazini lakho.

Segluromet

I-Segluromet, eza njengepilisi yomlomo, yavunywa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Idibanisa i-ertugliflozin kunye ne-metformin.

Steglatro

I-Steglatro, eza njengecwecwe lomlomo, yamkelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Yifom yegama legama le-ertugliflozin. Isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-empagliflozin. Njengamayeza adityanisiweyo kolu luhlu, uSteglatro usetyenziselwa ukunyanga uhlobo lwesifo seswekile.

Inaliti ezitsha

La machiza amatsha e-brand-brand akafumaneki njengeziyobisi. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokuba luhlobo lwesibini lweswekile, okanye zombini uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

La machiza aqulathe uhlobo lwe-insulin, i-GLP-1 agonist, okanye zombini. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin ejoyiweyo zithatha indawo ye-insulin engenziwanga ngumzimba wakho okanye ongenakuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 (GLP-1) i-receptor agonists inceda iipancreas zakho zikhuphe i-insulin engaphezulu xa inqanaba lakho le-glucose liphezulu. Banciphisa nokufakwa kweglucose ngexesha lokwetyisa.

UTresiba

UTresiba, owavunywa ngo-2015, ligama loshicilelo lwegama leyeza le-insulin. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga zombini uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

UTresiba yi-insulin esebenza ixesha elide eya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-42. Oku kukude kune-insulin esetyenziswa rhoqo. Ingenwe kanye yonke imihla.

I-Basaglar kunye neToujeo

I-Basaglar kunye neToujeo ziindlela ezimbini ezintsha ze-insulin glargine. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga zombini uhlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, kwaye zombini zitofelwe kanye yonke imihla.

I-Basaglar sisiyobisi se-insulin esisebenza ixesha elide esivunyiweyo ngo-2015. Iyafana nenye ichiza le-insulin glargine ebizwa ngokuba yiLantus. I-Toujeo yeyona fomu ijolise ngakumbi kwi-insulin glargine. Kwavunywa ukuba isetyenziswe ngo-2015.

Xultophy

IXultophy yamkelwe ngo-2016. Isetyenziswa kuphela ekunyangeni isifo seswekile yohlobo lwe-2. Xultophy isitofu kanye ngosuku.

I-Xultophy idibanisa i-insulin degludec, i-insulin esebenza ixesha elide, kunye ne-liraglutide, i-GLP-1 agonist.

Soliqua

I-Soliqua yavunywa ngo-2016. Isetyenziswa kuphela ekunyangeni udidi lwesibini lweswekile. Ingenwe kanye ngemini.

I-Soliqua idibanisa ichiza le-insulin glargine kunye ne-lixisenatide, i-GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Ozempic

I-Ozempic yamkelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2017. Isetyenziswa kuphela ukunyanga uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2. I-Ozempic ligama elingu-brand ye-GLP-1 agonist ebizwa ngokuba yi-semaglutide. Ingenwe kanye ngeveki.

Adlyxin

I-Adlyxin yavunywa ngo-2016. Isetyenziswa kuphela ukunyanga uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2. I-Adlyxin ligama elingu-brand ye-GLP-1 agonist ebizwa ngokuba lixisenatide. Ingenwe kanye yonke imihla.

I-Ryzodeg

I-Ryzodeg yamkelwa ngo-2016 kodwa ayikafumaneki. Yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziselwe ukunyanga zombini uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile. I-Ryzodeg idibanisa i-insulin degludec kunye ne-insulin aspart. Yenzelwe ukuba itofwe kanye okanye kabini yonke imihla.

Amayeza eswekile kuphuhliso

Ukongeza kula mayeza matsha, iziyobisi ezininzi zeswekile ngoku ziyaphuhliswa. La machiza abandakanya:

• Umlomo-Lyn. Eli chiza ligama lophawu liza njengokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwe-insulin yomlomo. Yenzelwe ukunyanga zombini uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.
• Umdaniso 501. Esi sixhobo se-aerosol sine-insulin engamanzi ekujongwe ukuba iphefumlelwe ngexesha lesidlo. Yenzelwe ukunyanga zombini uhlobo 1 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iziyobisi zeswekile

Ngoku ukuba uyazi malunga neziyobisi zeswekile ezintsha nezizayo, nolu uluhlu lwezinye iziyobisi zeswekile ezisetyenziswa ngoku. Amanye ala machiza ngamacandelo amayeza amdibanisayo amatsha adweliswe apha ngasentla, kunye nonyango lokudibanisa oludala oludweliswe ngezantsi.

Amayeza omlomo

La maqela alandelayo amachiza aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2. Zonke ziza njengeepilisi zomlomo. IMetformin iza njengesisombululo somlomo.

IiBiguanides ezinje nge-metformin

I-Metformin ihlala iyeza lokuqala elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2. Isebenza ngokunciphisa imveliso yeglucose kwisibindi sakho. Ikwenza ukuba izicwili zomzimba wakho zibuthathaka ngakumbi kwi-insulin. Oku kunceda izicwili zifunxe iswekile.

I-Metformin ikwadityaniswa namanye amayeza omlomo ukunciphisa inani leepilisi ekufuneka uzithathile.

I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

La machiza ayacotha okanye athintele ukonakala kweecarbohydrate emzimbeni wakho. IiCarbohydrate zikukutya okunesitatshi okanye okuneswekile. Eli nyathelo licothisa ukufunxwa kweglucose kwigazi lakho. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• acarbose
• miglitol

I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)

La machiza athintela ukonakala kwehomoni ethile emzimbeni wakho exelela iipancreas zakho ukuba zenze kwaye zikhuphe i-insulin. La machiza anciphisa ukwetyisa ukutya, okucothisa ukukhutshwa kweglucose egazini lakho. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• alogliptin
• imvelaphi
• sifumpa
• iseclipin

Meglitinides

La machiza axelela i-pancreas yakho ukuba ikhuphe i-insulin. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• yeza
• ipharamikhi

Isodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)

La machiza athintela iswekile eninzi kwinkqubo yakho ekubeni uphinde ufake igazi lakho kwizintso zakho. Ikwabangela ukuba umzimba wakho ulahle iswekile eninzi kumchamo wakho. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• canagliflozin
• dapagliflozin
• imvuliso
• ertugliflozin

Isulfonylureas

Ezi ziyobisi zibangela ukuba i-pancreas ikhuphe i-insulin engaphezulu. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• glimepiride
• glipizide
• glyburide

Uyenazididioniones

La machiza enza izicwili emzimbeni wakho zibuthathaka ngakumbi kwi-insulin. Oku kunceda umzimba wakho usebenzise iswekile eninzi egazini lakho. Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• mzantsiweb
• rosiglitazone

Ukudibanisa amayeza

Ukongeza kwezi zintsha zidweliswe apha ngasentla, amayeza aliqela okudibanisa afumaneka okwexeshana. Ukudibanisa amayeza amadala kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Duetact Ithebhulethi edibanisa i-pioglitazone kunye ne-glimepiride.
• IJanumet Ithebhulethi edibanisa i-sitagliptin kunye ne-metformin.
• Iyeza elenziwe lafana nelo livela njengecwecwe lokudibanisa metformin nge glipizide.
• Iziyobisi mzantsiweb kwaye rosiglitazone ziyafumaneka nganye kwifom yeethebhulethi ngokudibeneyo ne metformin.

Amayeza afakiweyo

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zamachiza ziza ngeendlela zokutofa.

I-insulin

I-insulin ejoyiweyo ithatha indawo ye-insulin engenziwanga okanye engenakusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga uhlobo 1 okanye udidi 2 lweswekile.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin ziyafumaneka. Ezinye iintlobo zisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ezi ntlobo zinceda ukulawula inqanaba leglucose yakho ngexesha lesidlo. Ezinye iintlobo zisebenza ixesha elide. Ezi ntlobo zilawula inqanaba leglucose yakho emini nasebusuku.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-insulin zibandakanya:

• Inxalenye ye-insulin
• I-insulin yentsimbi
• I-insulin glargine

Amylin analogu

I-analogue ye-amylin ebizwa ngokuba yi-pramlintide ithathwa ngaphambi kokutya. Kuyanceda ukunciphisa isixa se-insulin oyifunayo. Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga zombini uhlobo 2 kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile.

I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 agonists)

Ezi ziyobisi zinceda i-pancreas yakho ukuba ikhuphe i-insulin engaphezulu xa inqanaba lakho le-glucose liphezulu. Banciphisa nokufakwa kweglucose ngexesha lokwetyisa. La machiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile sesi-2 kuphela.

Imizekelo yala machiza ibandakanya:

• albiglutide
• dulaglutide
• exenatide
• liraglutide
• semaglutayidi

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha ichiza

Ngelixa uninzi lweziyobisi zeswekile ezisebenzayo bezisentengweni iminyaka, amachiza amatsha anokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezingafumanekiyo neziyobisi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.

Gcina ukhumbula, ngekhe singazi malunga nazo zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunxibelelana kwamachiza amatsha. Kwakhona, amachiza amatsha anokuxabisa ngaphezulu kwamachiza amadala, okanye awungekhe agqitywe zizicwangciso ezininzi zeinshurensi. Ukongeza, icebo lakho leinshurensi linokukhetha amachiza athile kunamanye, okanye banokufuna ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwamayeza amadala, abiza kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba agubungele amayeza amatsha, abiza kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho ukuba ucinga ngeendlela ezintsha zesifo seswekile. Xoxa nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nogqirha wakho, kunye nawo onke amayeza kunye nezibonelelo ozithathayo. Ngokudibeneyo, wena nogqirha wakho ninokuthatha isigqibo sokuba ngawaphi amachiza amatsha, ukuba akhona, anokulungela nina.