Ngaba ii-STD zinokuya ngokwazo?

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-STD, nangona kunjalo?
• Ukuvavanywa kuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuba une-STD
• Indlela yokuNyanga i-STD
• Ngaba i-STD ingahamba iyodwa?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awunyanga i-STD?
• Umgca ongezantsi
• Uphengululo lwe

Kwinqanaba elithile, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba ii-STD zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba utitshala wakho wesikolo esiphakathi ekukhokele ukuba ukholelwe. Kodwa lungela uhlaselo lwamanani: Yonke imihla, ngaphezulu kwe-1.2 yezigidi ze-STD ezifunyanwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye eUnited States kuphela kukho phantse i-20 yezigidi zeemeko ezintsha ze-STD nyaka ngamnye, ngokutsho kwengxelo evela kwiWorld Health Organisation (WHO) . Wowza!

Ngaphezu koko, iingcali zithi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziyafana Kaninzi axhaphake kakhulu kunala manani acebisayo, kuba amanani achazwe ngasentla ngawodwa iqinisekisiwe iimeko. Intsingiselo, umntu wavavanywa kwaye wayenayo.

“Nangona iyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvavanywa rhoqo ngonyaka okanye emva kweqabane ngalinye elitsha—nokuba yeyiphi na into eza kuqala—abantu abaninzi abane-STI abanazo iimpawu yaye abantu abaninzi abavavanywa ngaphandle kokuba baneempawu,” uchaza uSherry A. Ross. MD, ob-gyn kunye nombhali we I-She-ology. Hayi, akukho ndlela yokuba amaZiko oLawulo noKuthintela iZifo (i-CDC) okanye i-WHO azi ukuba unayo i-STI ongayaziyo! Kukwakho nethuba lokuba wena cinga into iphezulu, kodwa unquma ukuyilinda kwaye ubone ukuba "iya kuzinyamekela."

Nantsi into: Ngelixa ii-STIs ngokuqinisekileyo hayi Isigwebo sentambo sakho okanye i-sexcapades yakho, ukuba ayiphathwanga, inokubangela iimeko zempilo ezimandundu. Apha ngezantsi, iingcali ziphendula yonke imibuzo malunga nokuba ingaba ii-STIs zinokuzihambela ngokwazo, imingcipheko yokushiya i-STI inganyangwa, ukuba ungayisusa njani i-STD ukuba unayo, kwaye kutheni uvavanyo lwe-STI rhoqo lubaluleke kangaka.

Yintoni i-STD, nangona kunjalo?

Ebizwa ngokuba zombini ii-STD kunye ne-STIs-usulelo oludluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini-zizifo ezifumaneka ngokudibana ngesondo. Hayi, oko akuthethi ukuba yi-P-in-V. Izinto ezenziwa sisandla, isini somlomo, ukuncamisana, kunye nokungqubana nokugaya ngaphandle skivvy kungakubeka emngciphekweni. Owu, kwaye masingakushiyi ngaphandle ukwabiwa kwemveliso yolonwabo efana nezinto zokudlala (luv those, BTW).

Qaphela: Iingcali ezininzi zibhekisa kulwimi olutsha lwe-STI kuba igama elithi "isifo" lithetha ukuba "yimeko ephazamisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwaye ibonakala ngokuhlukanisa iimpawu kunye neempawu," ngokutsho kukaMerriam Webster. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi losulelo olunjalo alunazimpawu kwaye aluphazamisi ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na indlela, kungoko ileyibhile ye-STI. Oko kwathiwa, abantu abaninzi basayazi kwaye babhekisela kubo njenge-STD.

Ngokubanzi, ii-STD ziwela kwiindidi ezimbalwa eziphambili:

• Ii-STD zebacteria: ukuvuza ngaphantsi, chlamydia, negcushuwa
• Ii-STD zeParasitic: itrichomoniasis
• Ii-STDs zentsholongwane: i-herpes, i-HPV, i-HIV kunye ne-Hepatitis B
• Kukwakho nokhwekhwe kunye neentwala zangasese, ezibangelwa ziintwala kunye namangolwane, ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngenxa yokuba ezinye ii-STD zisasazwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwesikhumba ukuya eluswini kwaye ezinye zisasazeka ngolwelo lomzimba, usulelo lunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha ulwelo (kubandakanywa ne-pre-cum) lutshintshwa okanye ulusu luchukunyiswa. Ngoko, ukuba uyazibuza: "Ngaba ndingayifumana i-STD ngaphandle kokulala ngesondo?" Impendulo nguewe.

Ukuvavanywa kuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuba une-STD

Kwakhona, uninzi lwee-STIs alunampawu kwaphela. Kwaye, ngelishwa, nokuba kukho iimpawu, ezo mpawu (ukukhutshwa kwilungu lobufazi, ukurhawuzelela, ukutshisa xa uchame) zihlala zinobuqili kwaye zinokuchazwa ngokulula ngolunye ulonwabo lwelungu lobufazi ~ njengosulelo lwegwele, intsholongwane yebhakteria, okanye usulelo lomchamo (UTI), utshilo uGqirha Ross.

"Awukwazi ukuthembela kwiimpawu zokukuxelela ukuba unosulelo," uthi, "Kuphela kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-STI epheleleyo eyenziwa ngugqirha wakho kunokukuxelela ukuba unosulelo." (Nantsi indlela ekufuneka uvavanyelwe ngayo ii-STDs.)

Thembela, yonke i-shebang iyakhawuleza kwaye ayinazintlungu. "Kuhlala kubandakanya indibaniselwano yokukroba kwikomityi okanye ukutsalwa kwegazi lakho okanye ukuthathwa kwamasiko," utshilo uMichael Ingber, MD, ugqirha oqinisekiswe yibhodi kunye nengcali yamayeza esinqe yabasetyhini kunye neZiko lezeMpilo yaBasetyhini kwiNew Jersey. (Kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zikwabonelela ngovavanyo lwe-STI/STD ekhaya ngoku.)

Indlela yokuNyanga i-STD

Iindaba ezimbi: Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungayiphatha njani i-STD ekhaya, impendulo kukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo awukwazi. (Ngaphandle koononkala / iintwala ze-pubic, kodwa ngaphezulu kule ingezantsi.)

Ezinye iindaba zempahla: Ukuba zibanjwe kwangexesha ngokwaneleyo, ii-STDs zebacteria kunye neparasitic zingagqitywa ngokunyanga ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. UGonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia bahlala bephathwa ngamayeza aqhelekileyo njenge-doxycycline okanye i-azithromycin, kwaye i-syphilis inyangwa nge-penicillin, utshilo uGqirha Ingber. I-Trichomoniasis iphiliswa kunye ne-metronidazole okanye i-tinidazole. Ke, ewe, i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, kunye ne-trich zonke zinokuhamba, ukuba nje uyanyangwa.

Ii-STD zentsholongwane zahluke kancinci. Phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, “xa umntu ene-STD eyintsholongwane, loo ntsholongwane ihlala ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngonaphakade,” utsho uGqr. Ross. Okuthetha ukuthi, abanakunyangwa. Kodwa musa ukuphazamiseka: "Iimpawu zingalawulwa ngokupheleleyo." Oko kuqukwa lulo lawulo kuyahluka ukusuka kusulelo ukuya kosulelo. (Jonga Ngakumbi: Isikhokelo sakho kuxilongo oluPositive STI)

Abantu abane-herpes banokuthatha amayeza antiviral yonke imihla ukunqanda ukuqhambuka, okanye ukuqala kweempawu. Abantu abane-HIV okanye i-Hepatitis B banokuthatha ii-antiretrovirals, ezinciphisa ubungakanani bentsholongwane, zinqande intsholongwane ekuphindaphindeni emzimbeni ngaloo ndlela iyithintele ekwenzeni umonakalo ongaphezulu emzimbeni. (Kwakhona, oku kwahlukile ephilisa intsholongwane.)

I-HPV yinto encinci ngaphandle, kwezinye iimeko, intsholongwane inokuthi ihambe yodwa, ngokwe-American Health Health Association (ASHA). Ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zibangela iintsumpa kumalungu esini, izilonda, kwaye, ukuba iyasebenza ngoku, inokuthi ifumaneke ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga zepap, ayinakubonisa zimpawu kwaye ilele iiveki, iinyanga, iminyaka, okanye ubomi bakho bonke, okuthetha ipapa yakho iziphumo bezibuya ziqhelekile. Iiseli zentsholongwane zihlala emzimbeni wakho ixesha elingenammiselo, kodwa zinokucocwa nakubantu abanamajoni omzimba asebenza kakuhle, ngokwe-ASHA.

Ngaba i-STD ingahamba iyodwa?

Ngaphandle kwe-HPV (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuphela), ukuvumelana ngokubanzi akukho! Ezinye ii-STD zinokuthi "zihambe" ngamayeza afanelekileyo. Ezinye ii-STD azikwazi "ukuhamba," kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo / amayeza anokulawulwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awunyanga i-STD?

Impendulo elula: Akukho nto ilungileyo!

Ukuvuza ngaphantsi, itrichomoniasis, kunye chlamydia: Ukuba ishiywe ingafunyaniswanga kwaye inganyangwa, ekugqibeleni, naziphi na iimpawu ze-gonorrhea, i-trichomoniasis, kunye ne-chlamydia ezazikho (ukuba zikhona) ziya kudlula ... kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba usulelo luyenzeka, utshilo uGqirha Ingber. Endaweni yoko, usulelo lunokuhamba luye kwamanye amalungu anjengemibhobho ye-fallopian, ii-ovari, okanye isibeleko, kwaye lubangele into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Kuthatha malunga nonyaka ukuba usulelo lokuqala lukhule lube yi-PID, kwaye i-PID inokukhokelela ekunqandeni nasekungafumani buntwana, utshilo. Ke okoko nje uvavanywa rhoqo, kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukunqanda nayiphi na kwezi ziphuhlayo zibe yi-PID. (Idibeneyo: Ngaba i-IUD yenza ukuba uChaphazeleke ngakumbi kwiSifo sePelvic Inflammatory?)

I-Syphilis: Kwi-syphilis, umngcipheko wokushiya unganyangekiyo mkhulu ngakumbi. Usulelo lokuqala (olwaziwa njenge-primary syphilis) luya kuqhubela phambili kwi-syphilis yesibini malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 emva kosulelo, "utsho uGqr. kwigcushuwa kuxa isifo sisiya kumalungu akude anjengobuchopho, imiphunga, okanye isibindi, yaye sinokubulala,” utsho. Injalo loo nto, iyabulala.

HIV: Iziphumo zokushiya i-HIV zinganyangwa zibi ngokulinganayo. Ngaphandle konyango, i-HIV iya kuwathoba kancinci amajoni omzimba kwaye inyuse kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wosulelo kunye nomhlaza onxulumene nosulelo. Ekugqibeleni, i-HIV enganyangekiyo iba nguGawulayo, okanye ifumaneke isifo sokungabikho komzimba. (Oku kwenzeka emva kweminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-10 ngaphandle konyango, ngokweKliniki yaseMayo.)

Ukhwekhwe kunye neentwala ze-pubic: Uninzi lwezinye ii-STI zinokubakho njenge-asymptomatic, kodwa ukhwekhwe kunye neentwala azikho. Zombini ziyarhawuzelela ngokungaqhelekanga, ngokukaGqirha Ingber. Kwaye baya kuqhubeka ukurhawuzelela de uphilise. Okubi nangakumbi, ukuba uvelisa amanxeba avulekileyo asuka ekubambeni kwinkunkuma yakho, loo manxeba anokosuleleka okanye akhokelele kwinxeba elisisigxina. Iindaba ezimnandi? Oononkala okanye iintwala ze-pubic zezinye ze-STD onokuzinyanga ekhaya: zihlala ziphathwa ngeshampu okanye into yokuthambisa enokuthengwa nge-OTC ngaphandle kommiselo. .

Iherpes: Kwakhona, i-herpes ayinakunyangeka. Kodwa inokulawulwa ngokudibanisa neentsholongwane, ezinciphisa inani lezifo — okanye kwezinye iimeko ziyeke ukuqhambuka kungenzeki kwaphela. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuthatha ii-anti-virus; nokuba ngaba umntu uthatha ii-antivirals sisigqibo somntu esisekelwe kwizinto ezifana nokuphindaphinda koqhambuko, ukuba uyabelana ngesondo, uziva njani malunga nokuthatha amayeza emihla ngemihla kunye nokunye, ngokutsho kukaGqr Sheila Loanzon, MD, ibhodi eqinisekisiweyo ye-ob-gyn. kunye nombhali we Ewe ndineHerpes.

I-HPV: Xa iHPV isenza hayi zihambe ngokwazo, zinokukhokelela kumhlaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo (ayizizo zonke!) Iintlobo ze-HPV zinokubangela umhlaza wesibeleko, i-vulvar, ubufazi, i-penile, kunye nomhlaza womhlaza (kwaye kwezinye iimeko, nokuba ngumhlaza womqala). Ukuhlolwa rhoqo umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye novavanyo lwe-pap kunokukunceda ukuba ubambe i-HPV ukuze ugqirha wakho akwazi ukuyijonga, ukuyibamba phambi kokuba ibe ngumhlaza. (Bona: Iimpawu ze-6 zesilumkiso somhlaza womlomo wesibeleko)

Umgca ongezantsi

Ekugqibeleni, “elona nyathelo lifanelekileyo le-STD kukuthintela,” utsho uGqr. Ingber. Oko kuthetha ukusebenzisa imiqobo yokwabelana ngesondo ekhuselekileyo nalo naliphi na iqabane elinesimo se-STI ongasaziyo, okanye naliphi na iqabane eline-STD ene-STD, ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo lobufazi, lomlomo, nolwempundu. Kwaye ukusebenzisa lo mqobo ngokufanelekileyo. (Intsingiselo, zama ukuba ungazenzi naziphi na kwezi mpazamo zisi-8 eziqhelekileyo zekhondom. Kwaye ukuba ulala nomnye umntu onelungu lobufazi, nasi isikhokelo sakho sokwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo.)

"Nokuba ulala ngesondo elikhuselekileyo, kufuneka uye kuvavanywa kanye ngonyaka okanye emva kwawo onke amaqabane amatsha," utshilo uGqirha Ross. Ewe, nokuba ukubudlelwane nomntu omnye! (Ngelishwa, ukukopela kuyenzeka). Wongeza ngelithi: Ukuba unazo naziphi na iimpawu kungcono kuvavanywe — kwanokuba kunjalo cinga yi "nje" i-BV okanye usulelo lwegwele-kuba ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba loluphi uhlobo losulelo onalo kukuya kwi-doc. Ukongeza, ukuba kunjalo yenza une-STD, ungayibamba kwiindlela zayo kwaye uyinyange.

Ndiza kuphinda ndithi kubantu abasemva: i-STD ayinakuhamba ngokwayo.

Kule mihla, zininzi iindlela onokuthi uvavanywe ngazo ngendleko encinci okanye ngexabiso. "Uninzi lwezicwangciso ze-inshorensi zibandakanya uvavanyo lwe-STI, kubandakanywa nezicwangciso ze-Medicaid. Kwaye uBuzali obucwangcisiweyo, amaSebe ezeMpilo asekuhlaleni, kunye nezinye iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi ziya kunika uvavanyo lwe-STI lwamahhala, "kusho uDkt Ingber. Ke ngokwenyani, akukho sizathu sokungahlali ngaphezulu kwempilo yakho yezesondo.

Uphengululo lwe