Unyango lokungachumi: Imibuzo eli-9 yokuBuza ugqirha wakho

Umxholo

• Nguwuphi umgca wokuqala kunyango lokungachumi?
• Impembelelo yefuthe lokuzala ngaphambi kokumitha?
• Amadoda kunyango lokuchuma kwabasetyhini
• Isebenza njani itekhnoloji yokuzala?
• Utyando lusetyenziswa nini kunyango lwenzala?
• Yeyiphi ingozi kumzali nakusana?
• Ngawaphi amathuba okuba neentsana ezininzi?
• Lithini inqanaba lokuphumelela kunyango lwenzala?
• Zithatha ixesha elingakanani unyango lokuchuma?
• Yise kude

Ngelixa ukukhulelwa kunokubonakala ngathi yimpepho kwabanye abantu, kwabanye inokuba lelinye lawona maxesha oxinzelelo lobomi babo. Unokuba nesihlobo esineenjongo ezintle ukubuza ukuba uyayiva na iwotshi yebhayiloji, abahlobo abanabantwana, kunye nomnqweno wokufumana nokuhlala ukhulelwe uthatha iingcinga zakho.

Ngelixa kukho amathuba eepesenti angama-25 kumjikelo wokuya exesheni wokuba owasetyhini angakhulelwa ukuba ukwiminyaka yama-20 okanye engama-30, akukho lula kwabanye. Kwaye kwabasetyhini nakumadoda, amathuba okukhulelwa ngokwendalo ancipha ngobudala.

Ukuba wena neqabane lakho ninengxaki yokuzala, kubalulekile ukwazi izinto ezisisiseko malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukuze wenze okuninzi kokudibana kwakho nogqirha wakho.

Sebenzisa le mibuzo ilandelayo njengesikhokelo oza kuhamba naso. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika elona cebiso lililo ngokusekwe kwiimeko zakho.

Nguwuphi umgca wokuqala kunyango lokungachumi?

Ukuva igama elithi "ukungachumi" kunokuba yintlungu enkulu kwizibini ezininzi. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inkqubela phambili kwezonyango yenza ukuba ekugqibeleni ube nakho ukufumana (okanye ukuhlala) ukhulelwe ngongenelelo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile.

Amayeza aqhele ukuba lunyango lokuqala ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxilonga ukungafumani bantwana. La mayeza enzelwe ukunceda ukwandisa amathuba okuba ukhulelwe kunye nokukhulelwa.

Banokuza ngohlobo lokufakwa endaweni kwehomoni ukukhuthaza i-ovulation kubafazi, okanye amayeza ukunyanga ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamadoda.

Oogqirha bayakwazi ukumisela amayeza ukwandisa amathuba akho okuhlala ukhulelwe nje ukuba ukhulelwe, kuxhomekeke kwizizathu zakho zokuphulukana nokuhamba kwangaphambili.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kuwo omabini amaqabane, njengokutya ukutya okusempilweni, ukunciphisa ukusela utywala, okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya.

Impembelelo yefuthe lokuzala ngaphambi kokumitha?

Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukuzala kungancipha ngobudala, ngamanye amaxesha oku kunxulumene neemeko zempilo ezinokuthi zikhule njengoko usiba mdala. Umzekelo, iimeko ze-thyroid kwabasetyhini zinokuchaphazela ukuzala. Usulelo, umhlaza, kunye nokungondleki kunokuchaphazela amathuba okuzala abesilisa nabasetyhini.

Ukusela utywala, ukutshaya, kunye namayeza athile anokuphazamisa ukuchuma. Jonga ukuba uluhlu lwakho lwamayeza-kunye neqabane lakho-luyahambelana nokuzama ukukhulelwa (i-TTC, njengoko usenokuba uyibonile ifinyeziwe kwiiforamu zentlalo).

Ngokufanelekileyo, wena neqabane lakho niyakufuna ukuba sempilweni ngaphambili ukukhawula. Oku akuncedi kuphela ukwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa, kodwa impilo yabazali ikwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impilo yomntwana.

Uphengululo lwango-2019 lwezifundo luchaze ukuba ukusela kotywala ngamadoda kwaneenyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo yomntwana. Oososayensi bancoma ukuba abafazi bayeke ukusela unyaka ngaphambi kweTTC.

Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza izindululo ezithile zokukunceda ungene kwezona mpilo zibalaseleyo kuviwo lwakho lonyango.

Amadoda kunyango lokuchuma kwabasetyhini

Ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha abasetyhini bekhathazeka ngokuba ngoyena nobangela wokuzala, akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi ngaphandle kovavanyo lonyango kuwo omabini amaqabane. Ugqirha unokumisela ukuba ukungachumi kwendoda okanye kwabasetyhini (okanye zombini) kukugcina ungakhulelwa.

Inani eliphantsi lobudoda okanye ukungakwazi ukufumana okanye ukugcina ulwakhiwo ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo kunokuchaphazela ukuzala emadodeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza e-erectile dysfunction anokunceda. Inani eliphantsi lobudoda okanye umgangatho akuthethi ukuba ukukhulelwa akunakwenzeka, kodwa kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi okanye kungathatha ixesha elide.

Abasetyhini abafumana ukungachumi banokuthatha intuthuzelo kwinyani yokuba kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunceda kubunzima be-ovulation, nto leyo engunobangela oqhelekileyo wemicimbi yokungachumi kwabasetyhini.

Abanye abantu basetyhini bafuna nje ukonyuswa nge-ovating, okanye i-ovulating rhoqo. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iihomoni zeedosi eziphezulu, ezinje nge-estrogen, ukukunceda ukukhuthaza i-ovulation.

Olunye unyango olunamandla luza ngohlobo lweenaliti, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).

Ezi zinokunyangwa nge-vitro fertilization (IVF). Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuchumisa isidoda ngeqanda elebhu. Nje ukuba inkqubo yokuchumisa igqityiwe, amaqanda (amaqanda) adluliselwa kwisibeleko sakho ngexesha le-ovulation.

IVF sisisombululo esifanelekileyo kwezinye izibini, kodwa inokubonakala ngathi ayinakufikeleleka kwabanye njengoko inokubiza kakhulu.

Enye into engabizi kakhulu kwi-IVF ibizwa ngokuba yi-INVOcell (IVC). Oku kutyhile ukuba "zombini i-IVF kunye ne-IVC zivelise ii-blastocyst ezifanayo zotshintsho zikhokelela kumazinga afanayo okuzalwa."

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini kukuba nge-IVC, ubufazi busetyenziswa njengesifukamisi se-blastocyst (usana oluzayo) kangangeentsuku ezintlanu ngaphambi kokuba udluliselwe kwisibeleko. Inkqubo ibandakanya amayeza okuchuma ambalwa kune-IVF, ke ixabiso lexabiso lisezantsi lilonke.

Isebenza njani itekhnoloji yokuzala?

Xa izibini eziku-TTC zicinga ngonyango lokuchuma, bahlala becinga ngamayeza kunye ne-IVF, kodwa zikhona ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo.

Uncedo lwetekhnoloji yokuzala (i-ART) ligama lonyango lokuchuma olubandakanya iinkqubo kunye nobuchule obuphambili. Oku kubandakanya IVF. I-ART ikwabandakanya ukusasazeka kwe-intrauterine (IUI), uhlobo lwenkqubo apho isidoda sitofelwe ngqo esibelekweni ukunceda ukuchumisa amaqanda.

I-ART encediswa ngumntu wesithathu lolunye ukhetho apho izibini zinokuthi zikhethe ukufumana iqanda, umbungu, okanye iminikelo yesidoda. Isigqibo sokufumana iqanda, isidoda okanye umbungu onikelwayo kunokuba yinkqubo yeemvakalelo, kwaye ugqirha wakho angakukhokelela kubuhle kunye nobubi kwesi sisombululo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-ART kunye ne-COH kukuba ukukhawula kwenzeka ngoncedo lwelebhu ene-ART. I-COH ivumela ukukhulelwa emzimbeni ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuya kwiofisi kagqirha.

Utyando lusetyenziswa nini kunyango lwenzala?

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukuba bafumana imiba kumalungu akho okuzala. Ngamanye amaxesha uqhaqho lusetyenziselwa ukulungisa iityhubhu eziqwengileyo okanye ezivalekileyo ukuze iqanda likhutshwe ngempumelelo kwaye lichume.

Utyando lwabasetyhini lokuzala lunokunceda ekunyangeni:

• amanxeba kwindawo yokuzala
• izibilini zesibeleko
• endometriosis
• iipolyps

Emadodeni, iindlela zokuhlinzwa zingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa imithambo ye-varicose, ebizwa ngokuba yi-varicoceles, kumatyhalarha anokuthi abangele ukungachumi kwamanye amadoda (nangona uninzi lwamadoda anale meko engenangxaki nokuzala).

Ukuya kuthi ga kumadoda amava e-varicoceles ebomini babo. Zenzeka kwiipesenti ezingama-35 zamadoda ane-primary infertility.

Olu hlaziyo lango-2012 lophononongo lubonisa ukuba utyando lwe-varicoceles luphucula ukungachumi okungachazwanga- nangona abaphandi bachaza ukuba kufuneka izifundo ezingaphezulu ezixela ukuzalwa okuhleliyo okanye amaxabiso okukhulelwa njengesiphumo ekucingelwa ukuba singekho.

Utyando ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuvula iityhubhu ezigqithisela isidoda kwilungu lobudoda.

Yeyiphi ingozi kumzali nakusana?

Ngelixa uninzi lweenkqubo zonyango zinezinga elithile lomngcipheko, itekhnoloji iguqukile kangangokuba uninzi lonyango lokuchuma ngoku lubonwa lukhuselekile kubazali nakubantwana abaza kubakho.

Utyando lunokubandakanya umngcipheko, njengokosuleleka, kunye nokuhlinzwa kwabasetyhini kungakwandisa umngcipheko wokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic (imeko enokubanzima apho iqanda kunye nosana olungekazalwa lukhula ngaphandle kwesibeleko sakho).

Buza ugqirha wakho imibuzo emininzi njengoko kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyazi kwaye ukhululekile ngayo nayiphi na ingozi ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango.

Izazinzulu zizama ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lwezityalo lubeka naziphi na izoyikiso kwimpilo yosana xa sele luzelwe. Olunye usana oluzimiseleyo oluzelwe emva kokudluliswa kombungu okomkhenkce olunomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza womntwana. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusebenza kuphela kugqithiso lwembungu eqanduselweyo, hayi kwiintsana ezizalwe emva kwe-IVF okanye olunye unyango.

Eminye imingcipheko inokubangelwa lusana, apho ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi kunokwenzeka. Ngokuka-a, kukwakho nethuba eliphezulu lokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha xa i-ART isetyenziselwa ukuchuma. Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwenzeka xa usana lwakho luzalwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37 zokukhulelwa. Umngcipheko uphezulu nokuba uphethe abantwana abaninzi.

Ngawaphi amathuba okuba neentsana ezininzi?

Unyango lwe-ART lunokuvelisa ukukhulelwa okuninzi ngaxeshanye. Ngelixa iimeko ezinjalo ziyancipha, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ngo-2011 malunga neepesenti ezingama-35 zamawele kunye neepesenti ezingama-77 zokuzalwa kathathu okanye ukuzalwa okuphezulu eUnited States kubangelwe kukukhulelwa kuncediswa ngonyango lokuchuma.

Oogqirha ngoku banokukunciphisa ngokunciphisa inani leembumba ezigqithiselwe kwisibeleko ngaxeshanye.

Lithini inqanaba lokuphumelela kunyango lwenzala?

Ngokwe-American Society for Reproductive Medicine, phakathi kwama-85 nama-90 epesenti yamatyala okungachumi ayanyangeka. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kwiintsapho ezininzi ezifuna ukoyisa ukungachumi eMelika. Kodwa ngaphandle kweminyaka kunye nempilo, inqanaba lokuphumelela lixhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olukhethileyo.

Umzekelo, i-IUI inokuba neepesenti ezingama-20 zenqanaba lokuphumelela lokukhulelwa xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba lempumelelo leepesenti ezingama-50 ukusuka kumnikelo wombungu. Ugqirha wakho unokunceda ukukunika umbono ongcono ngamathuba akho okuphumelela ngokusekwe kunyango olwahlukeneyo.

Zithatha ixesha elingakanani unyango lokuchuma?

Ngelishwa, akukho mpendulo ichanekileyo apha. Abanye abantu abatshatileyo bayaphumelela kwinyanga yokuqala befumana uncedo lonyango, ngelixa abanye bezama iminyaka. Inkqubo yonyango lokuchuma inokude kwaye idinise, enokonyusa uxinzelelo ukuba ubuzama ukukhulelwa.

Ukukunceda ukhethe olona khetho lonyango lunokubakho, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga imbali yakho yezempilo kwaye ajonge naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho zokuzala kunye neqabane lakho.

I-COH inokuzama ngaphambi kwe-ART, kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zophando lukagqirha wakho. Nokuba i-ART iyazama, kunokuthatha amatyeli aliqela ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ngaphezulu koko, oku kwenziwa kanye ngenyanga, njengoko umntu obhinqileyo evuthisa kube kanye kuphela kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-28 ngokomndilili.

Ukukhetha unyango lokuchuma akukho msebenzi ulula, kodwa ugqirha unokukunceda ufumane ikhondo elifanelekileyo lesona siphumo siphumeleleyo.

Yise kude

Kwababini abazama ukukhulelwa umntwana, ithemba lilungile lokuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo kunye nokonwabela umlingo wokuba ngumzali.

Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9 kubantu abali-10 abaye bathatyathwa njengabangazalanga banokuncedwa kunyango lokuchuma. Ngelixa ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokubiza kakhulu kwaye zixinzeleleke, kwaye zibe nemingcipheko ethile, kusafanelekile ukuqhubeka nengxoxo nogqirha wakho malunga neyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza.

Ungenelelo lwezonyango luye lwavela, kwaye lelinye lawona maxesha mahle kwimbali yokufumana uncedo kuhambo lokukhulelwa.