Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomhlaza we-Endometrium (Esibelekweni)

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-endometrium?
• Ngawaphi amanqanaba omhlaza we-endometrium?
• Ufumanisa njani umhlaza we-endometrial?
• Luthini unyango lomhlaza we-endometrium?
• Ugqirha
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango lweHormone
• Inkxaso yeemvakalelo
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yomhlaza we-endometrium?
• Amanqanaba eHormone
• I-endometrial hyperplasia
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Seswekile
• Imbali yomhlaza
• Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-endometrium?
• Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-endometrium?
• Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium?
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni i-Endometrial Cancer?

Umhlaza we-Endometrium luhlobo lomhlaza wesibeleko oqala kulusu lwangaphakathi lwesibeleko. Olu lwazi lubizwa ngokuba yi-endometrium.

Ngokwe-National Cancer Institute, malunga ne-3 kwabayi-100 abasetyhini abaya kufunyaniswa benomhlaza wesibeleko ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abanomhlaza wesibeleko abaphila iminyaka emihlanu okanye nangaphezulu emva kokufumana isifo.

Ukuba unomdlavuza we-endometrial, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyangwa kwandisa amathuba akho okuxolelwa.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-endometrium?

Olona phawu luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza we-endometrium kukopha okungalunganga kwilungu lobufazi. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• utshintsho kubude okanye ubunzima bexesha lokuya esikhathini
• ukopha kwilungu lobufazi okanye ukubona phakathi kwexesha lokuya exesheni
• ukopha kwilungu lobufazi emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubakho zomhlaza we-endometrium zibandakanya:

• ukuphuma kwamanzi kwilungu lobufazi
• iintlungu emazantsi esisu okanye esinqeni
• intlungu ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho. Ezi mpawu azithethi kuthi zikwimeko embi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba zihlolwe.

Ukopha okungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi kuhlala kubangelwa kukuyeka ukuya exesheni okanye ezinye iimeko ezingengomhlaza. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, luphawu lomhlaza we-endometrium okanye ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wamanina.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uchonge unobangela weempawu zakho kwaye ucebise unyango olufanelekileyo, ukuba luyimfuneko.

Ngawaphi amanqanaba omhlaza we-endometrium?

Ixesha elingaphezulu, umhlaza we-endometrium unokusasazeka ukusuka kwisibeleko uye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Umhlaza uhlelwa ngokwamanqanaba amane ngokusekwe kubungakanani okanye ukusasazeka kwawo:

• Inqanaba 1: Umhlaza ubakho kuphela esibelekweni.
• Inqanaba 2: Umhlaza ukhona kwisibeleko kunye nomlomo wesibeleko.
• Inqanaba 3: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwesibeleko, kodwa hayi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-rectum okanye bladder. Inokubakho kwimibhobho yesibeleko, ii-ovari, ubufazi, kunye / okanye iindawo ezikufuphi zee-lymph.
• Inqanaba 4: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo ye-pelvic. Inokubakho kwi-bladder, i-rectum, kunye / okanye izicubu ezikude kunye namalungu.

Xa umntu efunyaniswe enomhlaza we-endometrium, inqanaba lomhlaza lichaphazela loluphi unyango olufumanekayo kunye nembonakalo yexesha elide. Umhlaza we-Endometrial kulula ukunyanga kwinqanaba lokuqala lemeko.

Ufumanisa njani umhlaza we-endometrial?

Ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu ezinokuba ngumhlaza we-endometrial, yenza i-aphoyintimenti kunye nogqirha wakho oyintloko okanye ugqirha wamazinyo. I-gynecologist luhlobo olukhethekileyo logqirha olujolise kwinkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukubuza malunga neempawu zakho kunye nembali yonyango. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lwe-pelvic ukujonga nokuziva ngokungahambi kakuhle kwisibeleko sakho kunye namanye amalungu okuzala. Ukujonga amathumba okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, banoku-odola uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwangaphantsi.

Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound luhlobo lovavanyo lokucinga olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso engaphakathi komzimba wakho. Ukwenza i-transvaginal ultrasound, ugqirha wakho okanye olunye uqeqesho kwezempilo luya kufaka iprojekhthi ye-ultrasound kwilungu lakho lobufazi. Le probe iya kugqithisela imifanekiso kwimonitha.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukungaqheleki ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-ultrasound, banokuyalela enye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ukuqokelela isampulu yethishyu yokuvavanya:

• I-biopsy ye-Endometriyo: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ityhubhu ecekeceke ecekeceke ngomlomo wakho wesibeleko kwisibeleko sakho. Bafaka isicelo sokususa iqhekeza elincinci leethishu kwi-endometrium yakho ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu.
• IHysteroscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ityhubhu ecekeceke eguqukayo enekhamera ye-fiber-optic ngomlomo wakho wesibeleko kwisibeleko sakho. Basebenzisa le endoscope ukujonga ngokungagungqiyo i-endometrium kunye neesampulu ze-biopsy zokungaqheleki.
• Ukuthambisa kunye nonyango (D&C): Ukuba iziphumo ze-biopsy azicacanga, ugqirha wakho unokuqokelela enye isampulu yeethometriic tissue usebenzisa i-D & C. Ukwenza njalo, bayawunciphisa umlomo wakho wesibeleko kwaye basebenzise isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokurhwaphiliza izicwili kwi-endometrium yakho.

Emva kokuqokelela isampulu yethishu kwi-endometrium yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kuyithumela kwilebhu yovavanyo. Ingcali yaselebhu iya kuvavanya isampulu phantsi kwemicroscope ukuze ifunde ukuba inayo iiseli zomhlaza.

Ukuba unomdlavuza we-endometrium, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze afunde ukuba umhlaza usasazekile. Umzekelo, banoku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-x-ray, okanye olunye uvavanyo lwe-imaging.

Luthini unyango lomhlaza we-endometrium?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo kumhlaza we-endometrium. Isicwangciso sonyango esinconyelwe ngugqirha siya kuxhomekeka kudidi oluncinci kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nempilo yakho yonke kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Kukho izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko onxulumene nonyango ngalunye. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uqonde izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko kwindlela nganye.

Ugqirha

Umhlaza we-Endometrial uhlala uphathwa ngohlobo lotyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-hysterectomy.

Ngexesha le-hysterectomy, ugqirha osusa ugqirha ususa isibeleko. Banokususa ii-ovari kunye ne-fallopian tubes, kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bilal salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). I-Hysterectomy kunye ne-BSO zihlala zenziwa ngexesha lokusebenza okufanayo.

Ukufunda ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, ugqirha uya kususa ii-lymph node ezikufutshane. Oku kwaziwa njenge-lymph node dissection okanye i-lymphadenectomy.

Ukuba umhlaza unwenwele nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando olongezelelekileyo.

Unyango ngemitha

Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa imitha ye-eneji ephezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zonyango lwe-radiation ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza we-endometrium:

• Unyango lwangaphandle lwemithaUmatshini wangaphandle ujolisa kwimitha yemitha esibelekweni evela ngaphandle komzimba wakho.
• Unyango lwangaphakathi lwemitha: Izinto ezinemitha ye radioactive zibekwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kwilungu lobufazi okanye kwisibeleko. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-brachytherapy.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa enye okanye zombini iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation emva kotyando. Oku kunokunceda ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuhlala emva kotyando.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, banokucebisa unyango lwe-radiation ngaphambi kotyando. Oku kunokunceda ukuncipha amathumba ukwenza ukuba kube lula ukususa.

Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza utyando ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango okanye impilo enkenenkene, ugqirha unokucebisa unyango ngemitha njengonyango lwakho oluphambili.

Unyango ngamayeza

I-Chemotherapy ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ezinye iintlobo zonyango lwe-chemotherapy zibandakanya ichiza elinye, ngelixa ezinye zibandakanya indibaniselwano yeziyobisi. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwechemyotherapy oyifumanayo, amachiza anokuba kwifom yeepilisi okanye anikwe nge-intravenous (IV) line.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngekhemotherapy ngomhlaza we-endometrial osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Banokucebisa ngale ndlela yonyango yomhlaza we-endometrial obuyileyo emva konyango oludlulileyo.

Unyango lweHormone

Unyango lwehormone lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwehomoni okanye iziyobisi ezithintela iihomoni ukutshintsha amanqanaba ehomoni emzimbeni. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza we-endometrium.

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwehomoni kwinqanaba lesithathu okanye kumhlaza we-IV womhlaza we-endometrium. Banokucebisa kwakhona ngomhlaza we-endometrial obuyileyo emva konyango.

Unyango lweHormone luhlala ludityaniswa nechemotherapy.

Inkxaso yeemvakalelo

Ukuba unengxaki yokujamelana nemvakalelo yokuxilongwa ngumhlaza okanye unyango, yazisa ugqirha wakho. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu babenobunzima bokulawula iimpembelelo zeemvakalelo nezengqondo zokuphila nomhlaza.

Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kumntu okanye iqela lenkxaso kwi-intanethi kubantu abanomhlaza. Unokukuthuthuzela ukunxibelelana nabanye abahlangabezana namava afanayo nawe.

Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo ngengcebiso. Unyango lomntu omnye okanye lweqela kunokukunceda ulawule iziphumo zengqondo nezentlalo zokuphila nomhlaza.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yomhlaza we-endometrium?

Umngcipheko womhlaza wesifo se-endometrium uyanda kunye nobudala. Uninzi lwezifo zomhlaza we-endometrium zifunyaniswa ziphakathi kweminyaka eyi-45 kunye ne-74 yeminyaka ubudala, inika ingxelo iNational Cancer Institute.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium, kubandakanya:

• utshintsho kumanqanaba eehomoni zesini
• iimeko ezithile zonyango
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza

Amanqanaba eHormone

I-Estrogen kunye neprogesterone zihomoni zesini zabasetyhini ezichaphazela impilo ye-endometrium yakho. Ukuba ibhalansi yala mahomoni ayitshintshela kumanqanaba okwanda kwe-estrogen, inyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza kwi-endometrium.

Imiba ethile yembali yakho yezonyango inokuchaphazela amanqanaba akho e-hormone yesini kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium, kubandakanya:

• Iminyaka yokuya esikhathini: Ukuya exesheni okuninzi ebomini bakho, kokukhona ukuvezwa komzimba wakho kuye kwafuneka ukuba ube ne-estrogen. Ukuba ufumana ixesha lakho lokuqala ngaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka eli-12 ubudala okanye uyekile ukuya exesheni emva kwexesha ebomini, unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza we-endometrium.
• Imbali yokukhulelwa: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ibhalansi yehomoni iyatshintshela kwiprogesterone.Ukuba awukaze ukhulelwe, amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza we-endometrium andisiwe.
• Isifo sePolycystic ovarian (PCOS): Kule ngxaki yehomoni, amanqanaba e-estrogen aphezulu kwaye amanqanaba eprogesterone aphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukuba unembali ye-PCOS, amathuba akho okufumana umhlaza we-endometrium andisiwe.
• Izidumba zeseli zeGranulosa:Izidumba zeseli zeGranulosa ziluhlobo lwe ithumba le-ovari elikhupha i-estrogen. Ukuba unenye yezi tumors, inyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.

Ezinye iintlobo zonyango zinokutshintsha ibhalansi ye-estrogen kunye neprogesterone emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya:

• Unyango lwe-Estrogen yonyango (i-ERT): Ngamanye amaxesha i-ERT isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimpawu zokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zonyango lwehomoni (HRT) ezidibanisa i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone (progestin), i-ERT isebenzisa i-estrogen yodwa kwaye inyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.
• Tamoxifan: Eli chiza lisetyenziselwa ukunceda nokunyanga iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wamabele. Inokusebenza njenge-estrogen kwisibeleko sakho kwaye inyuse umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.
• Izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo (iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa): Ukuthatha iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium. Ukuba ubathatha ixesha elide, kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.

Amachiza aphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrial unokunciphisa umngcipheko kwezinye iimeko. Ngokuchaseneyo, iziyobisi ezinciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium zinokuphakamisa umngcipheko weemeko ezithile.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukuba ulinganise izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko wokuthatha amayeza ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-ERT, i-tamoxifan, okanye iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa.

I-endometrial hyperplasia

I-Endometrial hyperplasia yimeko engengomhlaza, apho i-endometrium yakho iba bukhulu ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, iyazihambela yodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokunyangwa nge-HRT okanye ngoqhaqho.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-endometrial hyperplasia ngamanye amaxesha ikhula ibe ngumhlaza we-endometrium.

Olona phawu luxhaphakileyo lwe-endometrial hyperplasia kukuphuma gwenxa kwilungu lobufazi.

Ukutyeba kakhulu

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, abasetyhini abatyebe kakhulu (i-BMI 25 ukuya kwi-29.9) banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nomhlaza we-endometrium njengabasetyhini abangatyebanga kakhulu. Abo banokutyeba kakhulu (i-BMI> 30) bangaphezulu kwamatyeli amathathu kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhulise olu hlobo lomhlaza.

Oku kunokubonisa iziphumo ezinamafutha omzimba kumanqanaba e-estrogen. Izicwili zomzimba zinokuguqula ezinye iintlobo zehomoni (kunye ne-androgens) kwi-estrogen. Oku kunokuphakamisa inqanaba le-estrogen emzimbeni, kwandise umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.

Seswekile

Abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokuba namathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nomhlaza we-endometrium njengabo bangenaso isifo seswekile, ulumkisa uMbutho Womhlaza waseMelika.

Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lweli khonkco aluqinisekanga. Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile luxhaphake kubantu abatyebe kakhulu okanye abatyebe kakhulu, ekwayimeko yomngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium. Iqondo eliphezulu lokutyeba kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokubangela umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium.

Imbali yomhlaza

Kungenzeka ukuba ube nomhlaza we-endometrium ukuba amanye amalungu osapho lwakho ebenayo.

Usengozini yokwanda komhlaza we-endometrium ukuba unembali yosapho yeLynch syndrome. Le meko ibangelwa kukutshintsha kolunye okanye nangaphezulu kwemfuza elungisa iimpazamo ezithile kuphuhliso lweseli.

Ukuba unokutshintsha kwemfuza okunxulunyaniswa ne-Lynch syndrome, inyusa kakhulu umngcipheko weentlobo ezithile zomhlaza, kubandakanya umhlaza wekolon kunye nomhlaza we-endometrium. Ngokophononongo olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi iGenesis, ama-40 ukuya kuma-60 eepesenti yabasetyhini abaneLynch syndrome banomhlaza we-endometrium.

Ukuba unomdlavuza webele okanye umdlavuza we-ovari ngaphambili, oko kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium. Eminye yemingcipheko yomngcipheko womhlaza iyafana. Unyango lwe-radiation kwi-pelvis yakho lunokuphakamisa amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza we-endometrium.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-endometrium?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, oyena nobangela womhlaza we-endometrium awaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba utshintsho kwinqanaba le-estrogen kunye neprogesterone emzimbeni ludlala indima.

Xa amanqanaba ezo hormone zesini eguquguqukayo, ichaphazela i-endometrium yakho. Xa ibhalansi itshintshela kumanqanaba okwanda kwe-estrogen, ibangela iiseli ze-endometrium ukuba zahlule kwaye zande.

Ukuba utshintsho oluthile kwimfuza lwenzeka kwiiseli ze-endometrium, baba ngumhlaza. Ezo seli zomhlaza zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zande zenze ithumba.

Izazinzulu zisafunda utshintsho olwenzeka ukuba iiseli eziqhelekileyo ze-endometriya zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

Zithini iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-endometrium?

Umbutho iAmerican Cancer Society uxela ukuba uninzi lweziganeko zomhlaza we-endometrium ziadenocarcinomas. I-Adenocarcinomas zii-cancer ezinokuvela kwizicubu ezinobunzima. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo ye-adenocarcinoma ngumhlaza we-endometrioid.

Iifom ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza we-endometrium zibandakanya:

• wesibeleko carcinosarcoma (CS)
• squamous cell carcinoma
• i-carcinoma encinci yeseli
• carcinoma yotshintsho
• i-serous carcinoma

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-endometrial zihlelwa ngokweendidi ezimbini eziphambili:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 ithande ukukhula kancinci kwaye musa ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwezinye izicwili.
• Uhlobo lwe-2 ithande ukuba ndlongondlongo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke ngaphandle kwesibeleko.

Uhlobo lwe-1 lomhlaza womhlaza we-endometrius luxhaphake kakhulu kunodidi 2. Kukwalula ukunyanga.

Ungawunciphisa njani umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium?

Ezinye izicwangciso zinokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-endometrium:

• Lawula ubunzima bakho: Ukuba utyebe kakhulu okanye utyebe kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nokugcina ilahleko kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-endometrium. Uphando oluthe kratya luyafuneka ukuze kufumaneke ukuba ukulahleka kwesisindo kuyichaphazela njani ingozi yomhlaza we-endometrium.
• Yenza umthambo rhoqo: Ukusebenza rhoqo komzimba kunxulunyaniswe nomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza we-endometrium. Ikwanazo nezinye izibonelelo zempilo.
• Funa unyango lokopha ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi: Ukuba ukhula ngokungaqhelekanga kwilungu lobufazi, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho. Ukuba ukopha kubangelwa yi-endometrial hyperplasia, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokhetho kunyango.
• Cinga ngobuhle kunye nobubi bonyango lwehomoni: Ukuba ucinga ukusebenzisa i-HRT, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nezibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nemingcipheko yokusebenzisa i-estrogen yodwa xa kuthelekiswa nokudityaniswa kwe-estrogen kunye neprogesterone (progestin). Banokukunceda ukuba ulinganise ukhetho ngalunye.
• Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nezibonelelo ezinokubakho zokucwangcisa: Iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa kunye nezixhobo ze-intrauterine (IUDs) zinxulunyaniswe nomngcipheko omncinci womhlaza we-endometrium. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufunde malunga nezibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye nomngcipheko wokusebenzisa ezi zinto zokucwangcisa.
• Yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba unembali yeLynch syndrome: Ukuba usapho lwakho lunembali ye-Lynch syndrome, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngokuvavanywa kofuzo. Ukuba une-Lynch syndrome, banokukukhuthaza ukuba ucinge ngokuba nesibeleko sakho, ii-ovari, kunye neetyhubhu ze-fallopian zisuswe ukuthintela umhlaza ekuphuhliseni kula malungu.

Ukuthatha

Ukuba unempawu ezinokuba luphawu lomhlaza we-endometrium okanye enye imeko yamanina, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ekuphuculeni umbono wakho wexesha elide.