Ukuqonda iinyani kunye nezibalo malunga neMelanoma

Umxholo

• Izinga le-melanoma liyakhula
• I-Melanoma inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza
• Unyango lwakwangoko luphucula amathuba okusinda
• Ukuvezwa lilanga yinto enkulu yomngcipheko
• Iibhedi zokutsala ziyingozi nazo
• Umbala wolusu uchaphazela amathuba okufumana kunye nokusinda kwi-melanoma
• Amadoda amadala amhlophe asemngciphekweni omkhulu
• Olona phawu luqhelekileyo yindawo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza eluswini
• I-Melanoma inokuthintelwa
• Ukuthatha

I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu oqala kwiiseli zombala. Ixesha elingaphezulu, linokusasazeka ukusuka kwezo seli ukuya kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukufunda okungakumbi nge-melanoma kunokukunceda ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuphuhlisa. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathalelayo une-melanoma, ukufumana iinyani kunokukunceda uqonde imeko kunye nokubaluleka konyango.

Qhubeka ufunda amanani aphambili kunye nezibakala malunga ne-melanoma.

Izinga le-melanoma liyakhula

NgokweAmerican Academy of Dermatology (AAD), amazinga e-melanoma e-United States aphindwe kabini phakathi kowe-1982 nowama-2011. abafazi.

Ngelixa abantu abaninzi befunyaniswa ukuba bane-melanoma, abantu abaninzi bafumana unyango oluyimpumelelo kwesi sifo.

Umbutho iAmerican Cancer Society uxela ukuba kubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, amazinga okusweleka kwesifo se-melanoma ehle ngeepesenti ezisi-7 ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2017. Kubantu abadala, amazinga okusweleka ayehla ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezintlanu ngonyaka.

I-Melanoma inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza

I-Melanoma inokusasazeka eluswini iye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Xa isasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikufutshane, iyaziwa njenge-3 ye-melanoma. Ekugqibeleni isenokusasazeka kwii-lymph node ezikude kunye namanye amalungu, anje ngemiphunga okanye ingqondo. Oku kwaziwa njenge nqanaba 4 le-melanoma.

Xa i-melanoma isasazeka, kunzima ukunyanga. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango kwangoko.

Unyango lwakwangoko luphucula amathuba okusinda

Ngokutsho kweNational Cancer Institute (NCI), izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 ye-melanoma malunga neepesenti ezingama-92. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abangama-92 kwabali-100 abane-melanoma baphila iminyaka emi-5 emva kokufumana isifo.

Amanqanaba okusinda kwi-melanoma aphezulu kakhulu xa umhlaza ufunyaniswa kwaye unyangwa kwangoko. Ukuba sele inwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba xa kufunyaniswa, amathuba okusinda mancinci.

Xa i-melanoma isasazekile ukusuka kwindawo yayo yokuqala ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaphantsi kweepesenti ezingama-25, ithi iNCI.

Ubudala bomntu kunye nempilo iyonke ichaphazela nembono yabo yexesha elide.

Ukuvezwa lilanga yinto enkulu yomngcipheko

Ukuvezwa ngokungakhuselekanga kwimitha yelanga kunye neminye imithombo kungunobangela ophambili wemelanoma.

Ngokwe-Skin Cancer Foundation, uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-86 zamatyala amatsha e-melanoma abangelwa kukuvezwa yimitha ye-UV evela elangeni. Ukuba ukhe watshiswa lilanga ezintlanu okanye nangaphezulu ebomini bakho, iphinda-phinda umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-melanoma. Nokuba ukutshiswa lilanga kunokuwonyusa kakhulu amathuba okuba nesi sifo.

Iibhedi zokutsala ziyingozi nazo

I-Skin Cancer Foundation ilumkisa ukuba phantse ama-6,200 amatyala e-melanoma ngonyaka adityaniswa nokususwa kwangaphakathi e-United States.

Lo mbutho ukwacebisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa iibhedi zokulungisa iintsimbi phambi kokuba babe neminyaka engama-35 ubudala banokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-melanoma ngama-75 eepesenti. Ukusebenzisa iibhedi zokususa ulusu kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuvela kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu, njenge-basal cell okanye i-squamous cell carcinoma.

Ukunceda ukukhusela abantu kwiingozi zokusuka kwangaphakathi, i-Australia kunye neBrazil bayivalile kwaphela. Amanye amazwe amaninzi kunye namazwe avimbele ukushenxiswa kwangaphakathi kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.

Umbala wolusu uchaphazela amathuba okufumana kunye nokusinda kwi-melanoma

Abantu baseCaucasus basemngciphekweni ngakumbi kunamalungu amanye amaqela ukuphuhlisa i-melanoma, inika ingxelo i-AAD. Ngokukodwa, abantu baseCaucasian abaneenwele ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe kunye nabo batshisa ilanga ngokulula basemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama banako ukuhlakulela olu hlobo lomhlaza. Xa besenza, kudla ngokufunyaniswa ukuba kwinqanaba elizayo xa kunzima ukunyanga.

Ngokwe-AAD, abantu abanemibala abanamathuba amancinci kunabantu baseCaucasus ukuba basinde kwi-melanoma.

Amadoda amadala amhlophe asemngciphekweni omkhulu

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-melanoma zenzeka kumadoda amhlophe angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55, ngokweScancer Cancer Foundation.

Umbutho unika ingxelo yokuba ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, indoda emhlophe kumadoda angama-28 kunye nomfazi om-1 kwabangama-41 abamhlophe bayakuphuhlisa imelanoma. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wamadoda nabasetyhini wokuyiphucula iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-49, abafazi abamhlophe kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunamadoda amhlophe ukuba aphuhlise olu hlobo lomhlaza. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abadala abamhlophe, amadoda kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunabafazi ukuba bakhule.

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo yindawo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza eluswini

I-Melanoma idla ngokubonakala njengendawo efana ne-mole elukhumbeni-okanye ukumakisha okungaqhelekanga, isiphako, okanye iqhuma.

Ukuba indawo entsha ivela kulusu lwakho, inokuba luphawu lwe-melanoma. Ukuba indawo esele ikho iqala ukutshintsha kubume, umbala, okanye ubungakanani, oko kunokuba ngumqondiso wale meko.

Yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ukuba uphawula nayiphi na indawo entsha okanye eguqukayo kulusu lwakho.

I-Melanoma inokuthintelwa

Ukukhusela ulusu lwakho kwimitha ye-ultraviolet kunokunceda ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuphuhlisa i-melanoma.

Ukunceda ukukhusela ulusu lwakho, iMelanoma Research Alliance icebisa abantu ukuba:

• thintela ukushuka kwangaphakathi
• nxiba i-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu xa uphandle ngexesha lasemini, nokuba kunamafu okanye kubusika ngaphandle
• nxiba izibuko zelanga, umnqwazi kunye nezinye iimpahla ezikhuselayo ngaphandle
• hlala ngaphakathi okanye emthunzini emini

Ukuthatha la manyathelo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni i-melanoma, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu.

Ukuthatha

Nabani na onokuphuhlisa i-melanoma, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, amadoda amadala, kunye nabo banembali yokutshiswa lilanga.

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-melanoma ngokuphepha ukubekwa elangeni ixesha elide, usebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nokuthintela iibhedi zokutshisa.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba une-melanoma, yenza idinga nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Xa olu hlobo lomhlaza lufunyenwe kwaye lunyangwa kwangoko, amathuba okusinda aphezulu.