Yintoni umkhuhlane wokopha, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• 1. I-Arenavirus
• 2. IHantavirus
• 3. Ii-Enteroviruses
• 4. Intsholongwane yedengue kunye ne-Ebola
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umkhuhlane owophayo sisifo esibi esibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ubukhulu becala zohlobo lwe-flavivirus, ezibangela i-dengue eyophayo kunye ne-yellow fever, kunye nohlobo lwe-arenavirus, njenge-Lassa kunye ne-Sabin virus. Nangona ihlala inxulumene ne-arenavirus kunye ne-flavivirus, i-hemorrhagic fever inokubangelwa zezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane, ezinjenge-virus ye-ebola kunye ne-hantavirus. Esi sifo singadluliselwa ngokudibana okanye ngokuphefumla amathontsi omchamo okanye ilindle leempuku okanye ngokulunywa yingcongconi engcoliswe ligazi lesilwanyana esisulelwe yintsholongwane, kuxhomekeke kwintsholongwane enxulumene nesi sifo.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane wokopha zivela ngokomyinge emva kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14 zomntu osulelwe yile ntsholongwane kwaye unokuba nomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38ºC, iintlungu emzimbeni wonke, amabala abomvu eluswini nokopha emehlweni, emlonyeni, empumlweni, emchameni nasekugabheni , ezinokubangela ukopha kakhulu ukuba ziyekwe zinganyangwa.

Ukuchongwa kwesi sifo kunokwenziwa ngugqirha ngokubanzi ngokuvavanya iimpawu kunye nokusebenza kweemvavanyo zegazi, ezinje nge-serology, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba ichongwe isifo se-causative, kwaye unyango kufuneka lwenziwe lodwa esibhedlele ., Ukuthintela umkhuhlane wokopha ekubeni ungadluliselwa kwabanye abantu.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane wokopha zivela xa intsholongwane ye-arenavirus, umzekelo, ifikelela kwigazi kwaye inokubandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ongaphezu kwama-38ºC, ngesiquphe ngesiquphe;
• Imivumbo eluswini;
• Amabala abomvu eluswini;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kunye neentlungu zezihlunu;
• Ukugabha okanye urhudo ngegazi;
• Ukopha emehlweni, emlonyeni, empumlweni, ezindlebeni, kumchamo nakwilindle.

Isigulana esineempawu zomkhuhlane wokopha kufuneka sibonane nogqirha kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba sihlolisise ingxaki kwaye siqale unyango olufanelekileyo, kuba emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa umkhuhlane owophayo unokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwamalungu aliqela, njengesibindi, udakada, imiphunga, kunye nezintso, kwaye kunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwengqondo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Umkhuhlane owophayo ubangelwa sisifo seentlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane, ezinokuba zezi:

1. I-Arenavirus

Iarenavirus, yeyosaphoIArenaviridaekwaye yeyona ntsholongwane iphambili ekhokelela ekuveleni komkhuhlane wokopha, ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo eMzantsi Melika zintsholongwane iJunin, iMachupo, iChapare, iGuanarito kunye neSabia. Le ntsholongwane idluliselwa ngokudibana nomchamo okanye ilindle leempuku ezosulelekileyo okanye ngamathontsi amathe omntu osulelekileyo.

Ixesha lokuxubusha kwi-arenavirus ziintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-14, oko kukuthi, eli lixesha elithathayo ukuba intsholongwane iqale ukubangela iimpawu eziqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuba kukuqaqamba, umva kunye nentlungu yamehlo, ukuqhubela phambili kumkhuhlane kunye nokopha njengoko iintsuku zihamba .

2. IHantavirus

I-Hantavirus inokubangela ukuba i-hemorrhagic fever iye isiba mandundu kwaye ikhokelele ekubonakaleni kwe-pulmonary kunye ne-cardiovascular syndrome, exhaphake kwilizwekazi laseMelika. EAsia naseYurophu ezi ntsholongwane zichaphazela izintso kakhulu, kungoko zibangela ukusilela kwezintso, okanye ukusilela kwezintso.

Usulelo lwe-hantavirus lomntu lwenzeka ikakhulu ngokungenisa amasuntswana egciwane akhoyo emoyeni, kumchamo, ilindle okanye amathe eempuku ezosulelekileyo kunye neempawu zivela phakathi kweentsuku ezili-9 ukuya kwezi-33 emva kosulelo, ezinokuba ngumkhuhlane, iintlungu zemisipha, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu nasemva kokukhohlela komhla wesithathu phezulu nge-phlegm kunye negazi elinokuba mandundu kukusilela kokuphefumla ukuba alinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.

3. Ii-Enteroviruses

I-Enteroviruses, ebangelwa yi-Echovirus, enterovirus, Coxsackie virus, inokubangela irhashalala kwaye ingakhula ibe ngumkhuhlane wokopha, okukhokelela kumabala abomvu eluswini nasekuphumeni kwegazi.

Ukongeza, ezinye izifo ezosulelayo ezibangelwa ziibhaktiriya kunye ne-exanthematics, ezibangela irhashalala okanye amabala abomvu emzimbeni, zinokuzibonakalisa zikwimeko eqatha kwaye yokopha, okukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ezi zifo zinokuba ngumkhuhlane obonakalayo waseBrazil, umkhuhlane omfusa waseBrazil, umkhuhlane wetyphoid kunye nesifo se-meningococcal. Funda kabanzi malunga nokukhawuleza kunye nezinye izizathu.

4. Intsholongwane yedengue kunye ne-Ebola

I-Dengue ibangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane kusaphoI-Flaviviridae kwaye idluliselwa ngokulunywa yingcongconiI-Aedes aegypti kwaye eyona ndlela iyiyo kukudengue okopha, okukhokelela kwisifo sokopha, esixhaphakileyo kubantu abaye banedengue yakudala okanye abaneengxaki zempilo ezichaphazela amajoni omzimba. Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu zedengue eyophayo kunye nonyango olwenziwa ngalo.

Intsholongwane ye-Ebola inobundlobongela kwaye inokukhokelela ekubonakaleni komkhuhlane wokopha, ukongeza ekubangeleni ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi kunye nezintso. E-Brazil, azikabikho iimeko zabantu abosuleleke yile ntsholongwane, exhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yaseAfrika.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-hemorrhagic fever luboniswa ngugqirha oqhelekileyo okanye isifo esosulelayo, inamanyathelo axhasayo, njengokunyusa i-hydration kunye nokusebenzisa iintlungu kunye neyeza lomkhuhlane, umzekelo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-rivivirin ye-antiviral kwimeko ye-fever ye-hemorrhagic fever ngenxa ye-arenavirus , ekufuneka iqalwe kwakamsinya nje ukuba ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe kusetyenziswa i-serology.

Umntu onomkhuhlane wokopha kufuneka angeniswe esibhedlele, kwindawo ekwanti, ngenxa yomngcipheko wongcoliseko oluvela kwabanye abantu kunye nokuba amayeza enziwe emthanjeni, njengokunciphisa iintlungu kunye namanye amayeza okulawula ukopha okunokwenzeka.

Akukho zitofu zifumanekayo zokuthintela ukopha okubangelwa ziintsholongwane, nangona kunjalo, kunokuthathwa amanyathelo athile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo, njengoku: ukugcina okusingqongileyo kuhlala kucocekile, kusetyenziswa iisepha kunye nezibulala ntsholongwane ngokubhekisele kwi-1% ye-sodium hypochlorite kunye ne-glutaraldehyde 2% , Ukongeza ukhathalelo ukunqanda ukulunywa ziingcongconi, ezinje ngeAedes aegypti. Funda ngendlela yokuchonga iingcongconi zeDengue.