Idysplasia yeFibromuscular

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu?
• Ibangelwa yintoni?
• Imfuza
• IHormone
• Imithambo engaqhelekanga
• Ngubani oyifumanayo?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• I-angioplasty yokuguqula amagama
• Ugqirha
• Ichaphazela njani ixesha lokuphila?

Yintoni i-fibromuscular dysplasia?

I-Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) yimeko ebangela ukuba iiseli ezongezelelweyo zikhule ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo. Imithambo yimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi lisuka entliziyweni yakho lisiya kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Ukukhula okongezelelekileyo kweeseli kunciphisa imithambo, kuvumela igazi elincinci ukuba lihambe kuwo. Inokukhokelela nakwiibulges (aneurysms) kunye neenyembezi (dissection) kwimithambo.

I-FMD ichaphazela ngokuthe gca imithambo esesiphakathini enikezela igazi kwi:

• izintso (imithambo yegazi)
• ingqondo (imithambo ye-carotid)
• isisu okanye amathumbu (imithambo ye-mesenteric)
• iingalo nemilenze

Ukuhamba kwegazi okuncitshisiweyo kula malungu kunokukhokelela kumonakalo osisigxina.

I-FMD ichaphazela phakathi kwepesenti enye kunye neepesenti ezintlanu zabantu baseMelika. Phantse isinye kwisithathu sabantu abanale meko banaso ngaphezulu komthambo omnye.

Zithini iimpawu?

I-FMD ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu. Xa isenzeka, iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni ngawaphi amalungu achaphazelekayo.

Iimpawu zokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwizintso zibandakanya:

• iintlungu ezisecaleni
• igazi elonyukayo
• ukuncipha kwezintso
• ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kwezintso xa kulinganiswa kuvavanyo lwegazi

Iimpawu zokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kubandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• intlungu yentamo
• ukukhala okanye ukuva isandi ezindlebeni
• iinkophe droopy
• abafundi abangalinganiyo
• stroke okanye stroke

Iimpawu zokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwisisu kubandakanya:

• isisu esibuhlungu emva kokutya
• ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga

Iimpawu zokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwiingalo nasemilenzeni zibandakanya:

• intlungu kwilungu elichaphazelekayo xa uhamba okanye ubaleka
• ubuthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo
• ubushushu okanye utshintsho lombala kwilungu elichaphazelekayo

Ibangelwa yintoni?

Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba yintoni ebangela i-FMD. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bazinzile kwiithiyori ezintathu eziphambili:

Imfuza

Malunga neepesenti ezili-10 zamatyala e-FMD ayenzeka kumalungu osapho olunye, ukucebisa ukuba imfuza inokudlala indima. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umzali wakho okanye umntakwenu enale meko akuthethi ukuba uyakuyifumana. Ukongeza, amalungu osapho anokuba ne-FMD echaphazela imithambo eyahlukeneyo.

IHormone

Abasetyhini banamathuba amathathu okanye amane okufumana i-FMD kunamadoda, ebonisa ukuba iihomoni zabasetyhini zinokubandakanyeka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa oku.

Imithambo engaqhelekanga

Ukunqongophala kweoksijini kwimithambo ngelixa kusenziwa kunokubangela ukuba bakhule ngokungaqhelekanga, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kwegazi.

Ngubani oyifumanayo?

Ngelixa oyena nobangela we-FMD ungaziwa, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezinokunyusa amathuba akho okuphuhlisa. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuba ngumfazi ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50
• ukuba nelungu elinye okanye amalungu osapho anemeko
• ukutshaya

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ugqirha wakho unokukrokrela ukuba unayo i-FMD emva kokuva isandi swooshing xa umamele umthambo wakho nge-stethoscope. Ukongeza ekuvavanyeni ezinye iimpawu zakho, banokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokucinga ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe.

Ukulinganisa iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-FMD kubandakanya:

• I-Duplex (Doppler) ye-ultrasound. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa amaza esandi ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu kunye nekhompyuter ukwenza imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi yakho. Ingabonisa ukuba igazi lihamba kakuhle kangakanani kwimithambo yakho.
• Imagnetic resonance angiography. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi yakho.
• Ikhompyuter ye-tomography ye-angiography. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa i-X-ray kunye nedayi eyahlukileyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi yakho.
• IArteriography. Ukuba iimvavanyo ezingafunekiyo azinakuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, unokufuna iarteriogram. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa idayi eyahlukileyo efakwe ngocingo olubekwe kwindawo yakho yokuchopha okanye icandelo elichaphazelekayo lomzimba wakho. Emva koko, ii-X-ray zithathwa kwimithambo yegazi yakho.

Inyangwa njani?

Akukho lunyango lwe-FMD, kodwa ungayilawula. Unyango lunokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho kunye nokuthintela iingxaki zesi sifo.

Abantu abaninzi bafumana inqanaba lokukhululeka kunyango lwegazi, kubandakanya:

• ii-angiotensin II receptor blockers: candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan)
• i-angiotensin-eguqula i-enzyme inhibitors (i-ACE inhibitors): benazepril (Lotensin), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril)
• beta–iibhloko: i-atenolol (Tenormin), i-metoprolol (iLopressor, iTrolrol-XL)
• iicalcium block blockers: i-amlodipine (iNorvasc), i-nifedipine (i-Adalat CC, i-Afeditab CR, iProcardia)

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe abacoci gazi, njengeasprini, ukuthintela amahlwili egazi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba igazi lidlule kwimithambo emxinwa.

Ukhetho olongezelelekileyo lonyango lubandakanya:

I-angioplasty yokuguqula amagama

Umbhobho omncinci obizwa ngokuba yi-catheter kunye nebhaluni kwelinye icala ufakwe kumthambo omncinci. Emva koko, ibhaluni inomoya wokugcina umthambo uvulekile.

Ugqirha

Ukuba unesithintelo kwimithambo yakho, okanye umthambo wakho umxinwa kakhulu, unokufuna uqhaqho ukuze ulungiswe. Ugqirha wakho uyakususa indawo ebhlokiweyo yomthambo wakho okanye enze umzila wegazi elijikelezayo.

Ichaphazela njani ixesha lokuphila?

I-FMD ihlala imeko yexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abafumananga bungqina bokuba iyanciphisa iminyaka yokuphila, kwaye abantu abaninzi abane-FMD baphila kakuhle kwi-80 kunye ne-90 yabo.

Sebenza nogqirha wakho ukufumana eyona ndlela yokulawula iimpawu zakho, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ubaxelela ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, kubandakanya:

• utshintsho lombono
• utshintsho lwentetho
• utshintsho olungachazwanga ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni