Yintoni Ebangela Umkhuhlane?

Umxholo

• Yintoni umkhuhlane?
• Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?
• Iingxaki zomkhuhlane
• Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane?
• Zingaphi iintlobo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ezikhoyo?
• Unokuthintelwa njani umkhuhlane?
• Lenziwe njani iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane?
• Yise kude

Yintoni umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane, okanye umkhuhlane, sisifo sentsholongwane esihlasela imiphunga, impumlo nomqala. Sisifo sokuphefumla esosulelayo esineempawu ezisuka kophakathi ukuya kwezinzima.

Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda okuqhelekileyo kuneempawu ezifanayo. Kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zifo zibini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziba nzima kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kunokubanda okuqhelekileyo.

Nabani na onokugula ngumkhuhlane, kodwa abanye abantu banomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo. Oku kubandakanya abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 kunye nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu.

Umngcipheko womkhuhlane nawo uyonyuka ukuba une-immune system ebuthathaka okanye imeko engapheliyo, enje:

• isifo sentliziyo
• isifo sezintso
• uhlobo lweswekile 1 okanye 2

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Ekuqaleni, umkhuhlane unokulinganisa ukubanda okuqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• umqala obuhkungu
• Ukuthimla
• impumlo enemifinya

Iimpawu zihlala zisiba mandundu njengoko intsholongwane iqhubeka kwaye inokubandakanya:

• ifiva
• izihlunu ezibuhlungu
• Ukugodola komzimba
• ukubila
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukukhohlela owomileyo
• ukuxinana kwempumlo
• ukudinwa
• ubuthathaka

Umkhuhlane awuhlali ufuna utyelelo lukagqirha. Iimpawu zihlala ziphucula ngonyango lwasekhaya malunga neveki. Unokuzikhulula iimpawu nge-over-the-counter (OTC) ngamayeza abanda nangomkhuhlane. Kukwabalulekile ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi kwaye usele ulwelo oluninzi.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise iingxaki kumkhuhlane. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ukwelinye lala maqela anobungozi kakhulu, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza xa ukrokrela umkhuhlane.

Amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu aquka abo:

• Ngaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
• Iminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu
• ukhulelwe okanye usandula ukubeleka
• 18 okanye omncinci kwaye uthathe i-aspirin okanye amayeza ane-salicylate
• waseMelika waseIndiya okanye waseAlaska
• unesifo esinganyangekiyo, esifana neswekile, isifuba, isifo sentliziyo, okanye i-HIV
• ndihlala kwikhaya labongikazi

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza antiviral. Kuthathwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuqala zeempawu, ii-antivirals zinokunciphisa ubude kunye nobukrakra bomkhuhlane.

Iingxaki zomkhuhlane

Uninzi lwabantu lubuyela kumkhuhlane ngaphandle kwengxaki. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha usulelo lwesibini lunokuphuhla, njengale:

• ukukrala kwemiphunga
• inyumoniya
• usulelo lwendlebe

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyahamba kwaye ubuye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa kamva, unokuba nosulelo lwesibini. Yiya kugqirha ukuba urhanela usulelo lwesibini.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, inyumoniya inokubusongela ubomi.

Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane?

Ukuzikhusela kumkhuhlane, kungcono uqonde ukuba inwenwa njani intsholongwane. Umkhuhlane uyosulela kakhulu. Ingasasazeka ngokukhawuleza emakhayeni, ezikolweni, eziofisini naphakathi kwamaqela abahlobo.

Ngokuka, kunokwenzeka ukuba udlulise umkhuhlane emntwini kwangoko kusuku olu-1 ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 emva kokuba ugule.

Emva kokudibana nentsholongwane, uya kuqala ukubonisa iimpawu ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-4. Usenokudlulisela nentsholongwane kumntu ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele ukuba uyagula.

Umkhuhlane usasazeka ngokusuka komnye umntu uye emntwini. Ukuba umntu onomkhuhlane uthimla, ukhohlela, okanye uthetha, amathontsi abo avela emoyeni. Ukuba la mathontsi adibana nempumlo okanye umlomo, unokugula nawe.

Unako ukufumana umkhuhlane ukusuka ekubambeni izandla, ukuwola, kunye nomhlaba ochukumisayo okanye izinto ezingcolisekileyo yintsholongwane. Kungenxa yoko le nto kungafuneki wabelane ngezinto okanye iiglasi zokusela naye nabani na, ngakumbi umntu onokuthi agule.

Zingaphi iintlobo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ezikhoyo?

Zintathu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane echaphazela abantu: uhlobo A, uhlobo B, nohlobo C. (Kukho owesine, uhlobo D, olungabachaphazeli abantu.)

Izilwanyana nabantu banokosuleleka ngohlobo lwe-F ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokudluliselwa ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya ebantwini. Le ntsholongwane ihlala itshintsha kwaye inokubangela ubhubhane womkhuhlane wonyaka.

Uhlobo lwe-B umkhuhlane lunokubangela nokuqhambuka kwamaxesha onyaka ebusika. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo alunanzima kunodidi A kwaye lubangela iimpawu ezinzima. Ngamaxesha athile, uhlobo B lunokubangela iingxaki ezinzima. Uhlobo B lunokudluliselwa ebantwini kuphela.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zibangela uhlobo A kunye no-B umkhuhlane.

Uhlobo C lomkhuhlane luchaphazela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana nazo. Kubangela iimpawu ezinobulali kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa.

Unokuthintelwa njani umkhuhlane?

Kubalulekile ukuzikhusela kunye nosapho lwakho kwintsholongwane ngenxa yokubakho kweengxaki.

Kuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokudluliselwa kumntu uye emntwini, qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha okanye usebenzise isicoci sezandla esisekwe etywaleni. Kulumkele ukuchukumisa impumlo nomlomo ngezandla ezingahlanjwanga.

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokuhlala kwiindawo ezinzima kunye nezinto ukuya kuthi ga. Sebenzisa izisuli zokubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukutshiza kwiindawo ezichukunyiswayo ekhaya okanye emsebenzini ukuzikhusela ngakumbi.

Ukuba ukhathalele umntu onomkhuhlane, nxiba imaski yobuso ukuze uzikhusele. Unokunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka komkhuhlane ngokugquma ukhohlo-khohlo kunye nokuthimla. Kungcono ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla engqinibeni yakho endaweni yezandla zakho.

Ukongeza, cinga ngokufumana ugonyo lonyaka lomkhuhlane. Iyeza liyacetyiswa kuye wonke umntu ongaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6. Ikhusela kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Nangona isitofu sokugonya asisebenzi kangange-100 leepesenti, inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko womkhuhlane ngokuthi, ngokwe-CDC.

Iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane lilawulwa ngenaliti engalweni. Kukho ukhetho lokuthintela umkhuhlane ngeempumlo kubantu abangakhulelwanga abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengama-49.

Lenziwe njani iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane?

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane iyatshintsha unyaka nonyaka. Izitofu zokugonya zikhusela kwizifo ezixhaphakileyo zomkhuhlane nyaka ngamnye. Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sisebenza ngokukhuthaza amajoni omzimba ukuba enze ii-antibodies zokulwa usulelo.

Ukwenza isitofu sokugonya esisebenzayo, simisela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ekufuneka zibandakanyiwe kwisitofu sonyaka olandelayo sokugonya. Isitofu sokugonya sinefom engasebenziyo okanye ebuthathaka yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Le ntsholongwane ixutywe nezinye izinto, ezinjengezinto ezisigcinayo kunye nezinto zokuqinisa. Nje ukuba ufumane isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane, umzimba wakho uqala ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu. Oku kunceda ukulwa nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa kwintsholongwane.

Emva kokufumana umkhuhlane, unokuba neempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ezinje ngeqondo eliphantsi lomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, okanye iintlungu zemisipha.

Nangona kunjalo, umkhuhlane wokudubula awubangeli umkhuhlane. Ezi mpawu zihlala ngaphakathi kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokugonya umkhuhlane kukuthantamisa kwindawo yenaliti.

Yise kude

Into onokuyenza malunga nomkhuhlane:

• Fumana umkhuhlane. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi ezifana nenyumoniya.
• Kuthatha iiveki ezi-2 ukuba umzimba wakho wenze izilwa-buhlungu zomkhuhlane emva kokufumana ugonyo. Kwangoko ufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane, kokukhona kungcono.
• Ukuba une-allergies yeqanda, usenokugonywa. Kubantu abanokungabikho komzimba kwiqanda, kucetyiswa ukugonywa kwindawo yonyango enokuthi inyange iimpendulo ezichaseneyo. Ezinye zeendlela zokugonya zinokuba nomkhondo weprotein yeqanda, kodwa ukusabela okungafunekiyo akunakulindeleka.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Khohlela kwaye uthimlele engqinibeni.
• Sula iindawo ezichaphazeleka rhoqo ekhayeni naseofisini yakho.