Unyango lokuphelisa umkhuhlane

Umxholo

• Iziyobisi kunye nonyango lomkhuhlane
• Unyango lokuzinyamekela lomkhuhlane
• Amayeza eekhawuntareni
• Ukuphelisa iintlungu
• Isikhohlisi sokucinezela
• Abazinqandayo
• Ukudibanisa amayeza
• Amayeza amiselweyo: Amachiza antiviral
• Ugonyo lomkhuhlane
• Bantwana: Q&A
• Q:
• A:

Iziyobisi kunye nonyango lomkhuhlane

Ukunyanga umkhuhlane ikakhulu kuthetha ukukhulula iimpawu ezinkulu de umzimba wakho ulusule usulelo.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane kuba ubangelwa yintsholongwane, hayi iintsholongwane. Kodwa ugqirha wakho unokumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba anyange naluphi na usulelo lwebhaktiriya olunokubakho. Baya kuphakamisa inhlanganisela yokuzinakekela kunye neyeza ukunyanga iimpawu zakho.

Unyango lokuzinyamekela lomkhuhlane

Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zomkhuhlane kufuneka bafune unyango kwangoko. Amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu abandakanya:

• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2 emva kokubeleka
• abantu abaye buthathaka amajoni omzimba

Kwiimeko ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, umkhuhlane ufuna nje ukuqhuba ikhosi. Unyango olulungileyo kubantu abanomkhuhlane kukuphumla okuninzi kunye nolwelo oluninzi.

Usenokungabi namdla wokutya, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba utye izidlo rhoqo ukugcina amandla akho.

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hlala ekhaya ungayi emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Musa ukubuyela umva de iimpawu zakho zithothe.

Ukuhlisa umkhuhlane, beka ilaphu lokuhlamba elipholileyo nelifumileyo ebunzi okanye uhlambe ngamanzi apholileyo.

Unokusebenzisa kwakhona i-counter-the-counter (OTC) yokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokunciphisa umkhuhlane, njenge-acetaminophen (iTylenol) okanye ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

Olunye ukhetho lokuzinakekela lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Yiba nesitya sesuphu eshushu ukukhulula ukuxinana kwempumlo.
• Gargle ngamanzi afudumeleyo anetyuwa yokuthomalalisa umqala obuhlungu.
• Kulumkele ukusela utywala.
• Yeka ukutshaya, ukuba uyatshaya.

Amayeza eekhawuntareni

Amayeza e-OTC akazukunciphisa ubude bomkhuhlane, kodwa anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu.

Ukuphelisa iintlungu

Ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-OTC kunokunciphisa iintlungu zentloko kunye nomqolo kunye neentlungu ezihlala zihamba nomkhuhlane.

Ukongeza kwizinciphisi zomkhuhlane i-acetaminophen kunye ne-ibuprofen, ezinye iintlungu ezisebenzayo zokuphelisa iintlungu yi-naproxen (Aleve) kunye ne-aspirin (Bayer).

Nangona kunjalo, iasprini akufuneki inikwe abantwana okanye ulutsha ngokunyanga iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane. Ingakhokelela kwi-Reye's syndrome, ekhokelela ekulimaleni kwengqondo kunye nesibindi. Esi sisifo esinqabileyo kodwa esibi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha siyabulala.

Isikhohlisi sokucinezela

Isithinteli sokukhohlela sinciphisa i-reflex yokukhwehlela. Ziluncedo ekulawuleni ukukhwehlela okomileyo ngaphandle kwencindi. Umzekelo wolu hlobo lweziyobisi yi-dextromethorphan (Robitussin).

Abazinqandayo

Ama-Decongestants anokukhulula impumlo egudileyo, egudileyo ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane. Ezinye i-decongestants ezifumaneka kumayeza e-OTC omkhuhlane zibandakanya i-pseudoephedrine (eSudafed) kunye ne-phenylephrine (kwi-DayQuil).

Abantu abanoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi baxelelwa ukuba baluphephe olu hlobo lwamayeza, kuba lunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukujonga amanzi ayizizo iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomkhuhlane. Kodwa ukuba unayo, i-antihistamines inokunceda. I-antihistamines yesizukulwana sokuqala ineziphumo zokuthomalalisa ezinokukunceda ulale. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• brompheniramine (iDimetapp)
• i-dimenhydrinate (iDramamine)
• idiphenhydramine (iBenadryl)
• doxylamine (NyQuil)

Ukuthintela ukozela, unokufuna ukuzama amayeza esizukulwana sesibini, anje ngala:

• icetirizine (iZyrtec)
• i-fexofenadine (Allegra)
• Iloratadine (Claritin, Alavert)

Ukudibanisa amayeza

Amayeza amaninzi obanda kunye nomkhuhlane adibanisa iiklasi ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu zeziyobisi. Oku kubanceda ukuba banyange iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye. Ukuhamba kwindawo ebandayo kunye nomkhuhlane kwikhemesti yendawo okuyo kuya kubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Amayeza amiselweyo: Amachiza antiviral

Amachiza amayeza antiviral anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene noko. La machiza akhusela intsholongwane ekukhuleni nasekuphindaphindweni kwayo.

Ngokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane kunye nokuphalaza, la mayeza acothisa ukusasazeka kosulelo kwiiseli ngaphakathi komzimba. Oku kunceda amajoni akho omzimba ajongane nentsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo. Bavumela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza kwaye banokunciphisa ixesha xa usosulela.

Imimiselo eqhelekileyo ye-antiviral ibandakanya i-neuraminidase inhibitors:

• zanamivir (Relenza)
• oseltamivir (iTamiflu)
• i-peramivir (iRipivab)

Ikwavumile iyeza elitsha elibizwa ngokuba yi-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) ngo-Okthobha ka-2018. Inokunyanga abantu abaneminyaka eli-12 nangaphezulu abanempawu zomkhuhlane ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-48. Isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kune-inhibitors ye-neuraminidase.

Ukusebenza ngokukuko, amayeza antiviral kufuneka athathwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuqala kweempawu. Ukuba uthathwe kwangoko, amayeza antiviral anokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lomkhuhlane.

Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukukhusela umkhuhlane. Ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo (i-CDC), i-neuraminidase inhibitors inezinga lokuphumelela ekukhuseleni umkhuhlane.

Ngexesha lokuqhambuka komkhuhlane, ugqirha uhlala enika abantu abanethuba eliphezulu lokufumana intsholongwane i-antiviral kunye nogonyo lomkhuhlane. Olu dibana lunceda ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwabo kusulelo.

Abantu abangenakugonywa banokunceda ukukhusela imizimba yabo ngokuthatha ichiza lokulwa intsholongwane. Abantu abangenakugonywa babandakanya iintsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye nabantu abangadibaniyo nesitofu sokugonya.

Nangona kunjalo, i-CDC icebisa ukuba la mayeza akufuneki athathe indawo yokugonya umkhuhlane wakho wonyaka. Bakwalumkisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezi ntlobo zonyango kunokwandisa umngcipheko wentsholongwane enganyangekiyo kunyango lwe-antiviral.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunokunciphisa ukubakho kwabantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu abafuna eli nyango ukunqanda ukugula okunxulumene nomkhuhlane.

Amachiza antiviral aqhelekileyo amiselweyo:

• zanamivir (Relenza)
• oseltamivir (iTamiflu)

I-FDA Zanamivir ukunyanga umkhuhlane kubantu abaneminyaka esi-7 ubuncinci. Kuvunyiwe ukukhusela umkhuhlane kubantu abaneminyaka emi-5 ubuncinci. Iza ngomgubo kwaye ilawulwa nge-inhaler.

Akufanele uthathe i-zanamivir ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yengxaki yokuphefumla, enjenge-asthma okanye nasiphi na isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga. Ingabangela ukungqinelana komoya kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

I-Oseltamivir ukunyanga umkhuhlane kubantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka kunye nokuthintela umkhuhlane kubantu abanenyanga ezintathu ubuncinci. I-Oseltamivir ithathwa ngomlomo ngohlobo lwephilisi.

Into yokuba uTamiflu angabeka abantu, ngakumbi abantwana kunye nolutsha, emngciphekweni wokudideka nokuzenzakalisa.

Omabini la mayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kubandakanya:

• intloko elula
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha

Soloko uxoxa ngemiphumo emibi yamayeza kunye nogqirha wakho.

Ugonyo lomkhuhlane

Nangona kungenjalo unyango, umkhuhlane wonyaka umkhuhlane usebenza kakhulu ekuncedeni abantu baphephe umkhuhlane. Icebisa ukuba wonke umntu onenyanga ezintandathu nangaphezulu afumane unyaka nonyaka.

Elona xesha lilungileyo lokugonywa ngo-Okthobha okanye ngo-Novemba. Oku kunika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuphuhlisa izilwa-buhlungu zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngexesha lexesha lomkhuhlane. E-United States, ixesha lomkhuhlane liphezulu naphi na phakathi.

Ugonyo lomkhuhlane alululo lomntu wonke. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho xa usenza isigqibo sokuba ingaba amalungu osapho lwakho kufuneka alufumane na olu gonyo.

Bantwana: Q&A

Q:

Loluphi unyango olusebenzayo olusebenzayo ebantwaneni?

Isigulana esingaziwayo

A:

Ngonyaka, ugonyo lonyaka yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela abantwana kumkhuhlane. Ukugonywa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kukhusela nosana kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usulelo lusenzeka, unyango lwamachiza antiviral lunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu. Olu hlobo lonyango lufuna amayeza kagqirha. Ukongeza, ukwenza ucoceko olulungileyo, ukunqanda abo bagulayo, kunye nokufumana ulwelo oluninzi kunye nokuphumla ngelixa uchacha kuya kunceda amajoni omzimba abethe intsholongwane. Ukunyanga umkhuhlane okanye iintlungu ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane, i-acetaminophen inokuthathwa emva kweenyanga ezintathu ubudala, okanye ibuprofen inokuthathwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ubudala.

Alana Biggers, MD, MPHAIimpendulo zimele uluvo lweengcali zethu zonyango. Yonke imixholo inolwazi ngokungqongqo kwaye akufuneki ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengengcebiso yezonyango.