Amanqanaba amathathu aphambili okwenziwa komchamo

Umxholo

• Amanqanaba amathathu aphambili okwenziwa komchamo
• 1. Ulungelelwaniso
• 2. Ukubuyisela kwakhona
• 3. Ukufihla
• Upheliswa njani umchamo

Umchamo yinto eveliswa ngumzimba enceda ukususa ukungcola, i-urea kunye nezinye izinto eziyityhefu egazini. Ezi zinto ziveliswa yonke imihla ngokusebenza rhoqo kwezihlunu kunye nenkqubo yokwetyisa ukutya. Ukuba ezi ntsalela zinokuqokelelana egazini, zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni.

Yonke le nkqubo yokuhluza igazi, ukususwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokwenziwa komchamo kwenzeka kwizintso, ezingamalungu amabini amancinci, amile okwenziwe ngeembotyi abekwe emazantsi. Jonga iimpawu ezili-11 ezinokubonisa ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle.

Yonke imihla, izintso zihluza malunga ne-180 yeelitha zegazi kwaye zivelise kuphela iilitha ezi-2 zomchamo, ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokupheliswa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto, ezithintela ukupheliswa kwamanzi okanye izinto ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni.

Ngenxa yayo yonke le nkqubo inzima yenziwa zizintso, iimpawu zomchamo ophelisiweyo zinokunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki zempilo. Ke jonga ukuba loluphi utshintsho oluphambili kumchamo olunokubonisa.

Amanqanaba amathathu aphambili okwenziwa komchamo

Phambi kokuba umchamo uphume emzimbeni, kufuneka uye kumanqanaba athile abalulekileyo, abandakanya:

1. Ulungelelwaniso

I-Ultrafiltration sisigaba sokuqala senkqubo yokuchama komchamo eyenzeka kwiifron, elona candelo lincinci lezintso. Ngaphakathi kwinephron nganye, imithambo yegazi encinci yezintso yahlulahlula ibe yimithambo ecekeceke ngakumbi, eyakha iqhina, elaziwa ngokuba yi-glomerulus. Le node ivaliwe ngaphakathi kwifilimu encinci eyaziwa ngokuba yicapsule capsule, okanye capsule ye Bowman.

Njengokuba iimpahla ziba zincinci kwaye zincinci, uxinzelelo lwegazi kwi-glomerulus luphezulu kakhulu kwaye ngenxa yoko igazi lityhalelwa nzima kwiindonga zenqanawa, zihluzwa. Kuphela ziiseli zegazi kunye nezinye iiproteni, ezinjengealbumin, ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingadluli kwaye ke zihlala egazini. Yonke enye into idlulela kwii-tubules zezintso kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-glomerular filtrate.

2. Ukubuyisela kwakhona

Eli nqanaba lesibini liqala kwingingqi ye-tubules yezintso. Apho, inxenye elungileyo yezinto ezazisuswe egazini ziye kwi-filtrate ziphinde zabuyiselwa egazini ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zothutho ezisebenzayo, ipinocytosis okanye i-osmosis. Ke, umzimba uqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengamanzi, iswekile kunye neeamino acid azipheliswa.

Okwangoku kweli nqanaba, ifiltrate idlula kwi- UHenle, esisakhiwo emva kwetyhubhu esondeleyo apho izimbiwa ziphambili, ezinje ngesodiyam kunye nepotassium, ziphinde zifunxwe egazini.

3. Ukufihla

Kweli nqanaba lokugqibela lenkqubo yokuchama komchamo, ezinye izinto ezisesegazini zisuswe ngokukuko kwi-filtrate. Ezinye zezi zinto zibandakanya iintsalela zamayeza kunye neammonia, umzekelo, ezingafunekiyo emzimbeni kwaye ekufuneka zisuswe ukuze zingabangeli ityhefu.

Ukusukela ngoko, i-filtrate ibizwa ngokuba ngumchamo kwaye idlula kwimibhobho yezintso eseleyo, kwaye ngokusebenzisa i-ureters, ide ifike kwisinyi, apho igcinwa khona. Isinyi sinamandla okugcina ukuya kwi-400 okanye kwi-500 ml ye-urine, ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke ichithwe.

Upheliswa njani umchamo

Isinyi senziwe sisihlunu esibhityileyo, esigudileyo esinee-sensors ezincinci. Ukusuka kwi-150 mL yomchamo oqokelelweyo, izihlunu zesinyi ziyancipha kancinci, ukuze zikwazi ukugcina umchamo ongaphezulu. Xa oku kusenzeka, abenzi boluvo abancinci bathumela imiqondiso kwingqondo emenza umntu azive ngathi uchama.

Xa usiya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, i-sphincter yokuchama iyaphola kunye nezivumelwano zesisipha sesinyi, ukutyhala umchamo nge-urethra nangaphandle komzimba.