Iiplatelets: ziyintoni, umsebenzi wazo kunye namaxabiso esalathiso

Umxholo

• Imisebenzi ephambili
• Amaxabiso esalathiso
• Indlela yokwandisa iiplatelets
• Xa kuboniswa umnikelo weplatelet

Iiplatelets ziziqwenga ezincinci zeselfowuni ezivela kwiseli eveliswe ngumongo wethambo, i-megakaryocyte. Inkqubo yokuveliswa kweemegakaryocyte ngumongo wethambo kunye nokuqhekeka kweeplatelets ihlala malunga neentsuku ezili-10 kwaye ilawulwa yihomoni thrombopoietin, eveliswa sisibindi kunye nezintso.

Iiplatelets zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokubumba iplatelet, kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukopha okukhulu, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba inani leeplatelet elijikeleza emzimbeni liphakathi kwamaxabiso esiqhelo.

Imisebenzi ephambili

Iiplatelets zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokubumba iplatelet ngexesha lokuphendula okuqhelekileyo kwengozi yemithambo. Ukungabikho kweeplatelets, ukuvuza kwegazi okuzenzekelayo kunokubakho kwimithambo emincinci, enokuthi ichaphazele imeko yezempilo yomntu.

Umsebenzi wePlatelet unokuhlelwa ngokwamanqanaba amathathu aphambili, kukunamathela, ukudityaniswa kunye nokukhululwa kwaye kulungelelaniswe zizinto ezikhutshwe ziiplatelets ngexesha lenkqubo, kunye nezinye izinto eziveliswa ligazi nomzimba. Xa kukho ukwenzakala, iiplatelets azinakusebenza kwindawo yokulimala ukunqanda ukopha kakhulu.

Kwindawo yokwenzakala, kukho unxibelelwano oluthile phakathi kweplatelet kunye nodonga lweseli, inkqubo yokubambelela, kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kweplatelet kunye neplatelet (inkqubo yokuhlanganisa), edityaniswa kukuba iVon Willebrand inokufumaneka ngaphakathi kwiiplatelets. Ukongeza ukukhutshwa kwe-Von Willebrand factor, kukho imveliso kunye nomsebenzi wezinye izinto kunye neeproteni ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokujiya kwegazi.

Inqaku leVon Willebrand elikhona kwiiplatelets zihlala zinxulunyaniswa ne-factor VIII ye-coagulation, ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni i-factor X kunye nokuqhubeka kwe-coagulation cascade, ekhokelela kwimveliso ye-fibrin, engqinelana neplagi yesibini ye-hemostatic.

Amaxabiso esalathiso

Ukuze i-coagulation cascade kunye nenkqubo yokubumba iplatelet ukuba yenzeke ngokuchanekileyo, inani leeplatelets egazini kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-150,000 kunye ne-450,000 / mm³ yegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile ezinokubangela ukuba inani leeplatelets linciphise okanye lonyuke egazini.

I-Thrombocytosis, ehambelana nokunyuka kwenani leeplatelets, ihlala ingenazimpawu, ibonwa ngokusebenza kokubala kwegazi. Ukwanda kwenani leeplatelets kuhlala kunxulumene notshintsho kumongo wethambo, izifo ze-myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias nasemva kweenkqubo zotyando, umzekelo, njengoko kukho ilinge lomzimba lokuthintela ukopha okukhulu. Funda ngezinye izinto ezibangela ukukhula kweplatelet.

I-Thrombocytopenia ibonakaliswa kukuhla kwenani leeplatelet ezinokuthi zibangelwe zizifo ezizimele, izifo ezosulelayo, ukunqongophala kwesondlo kwentsimbi, i-folic acid okanye ivithamin B12 kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nengxaki yobudoda, umzekelo. Ukwehla kwenani leeplatelet kunokuqatshelwa ngeempawu ezithile, ezinje ngobukho begazi ezimpumlweni nasezintsinini, ukwanda kokuhamba kokuya exesheni, ubukho bamabala amfusa eluswini kunye nobukho begazi kumchamo, umzekelo. Funda konke malunga ne-thrombocytopenia.

Indlela yokwandisa iiplatelets

Enye yeendlela ezinokubakho zokunyusa ukuveliswa kweeplatelets kukutshintsha kwehomoni ye-thrombopoietin, kuba le hormone inoxanduva lokukhuthaza imveliso yezi ziqwenga zeselfowuni. Nangona kunjalo, le hormone ayifumaneki ekusetyenzisweni kweklinikhi, nangona kunjalo kukho amachiza alinganisa umsebenzi wale hormone, ekwaziyo ukwandisa imveliso yeeplatelets malunga neentsuku ezi-6 emva kokuqala konyango, njengeRomiplostim kunye ne-Eltrombopag, ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngokungqinelana neengcebiso zonyango.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa kuphela emva kokuchonga unobangela wokuhla kweplatelet, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukususa udakada, ukusebenzisa ii-corticosteroids, ii-antibiotics, ukuhluza igazi okanye ukuhambisa igazi. Kukwabalulekile ukuba nokutya okwaneleyo okunezondlo, ukutya okunee-cereal, iziqhamo, imifuno, imifuno, inyama etyebileyo ukunceda kwinkqubo yokwakheka kweeseli zegazi kunye nokuthanda ukubuyela komzimba.

Xa kuboniswa umnikelo weplatelet

Umnikelo weplatelet unokwenziwa nangubani na onobunzima obungaphezu kwama-50 kg kwaye usempilweni entle kwaye ujonge ukunceda ekubuyiseni umntu ofumana unyango lwe-leukemia okanye ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, abantu abafakelwa umongo wethambo kunye notyando lwentliziyo, umzekelo.

Umnikelo weplatelet unokwenziwa ngaphandle konobungozi kulowo unikelayo, kuba indawo yeplatelet eyenziwa ngumzimba ithatha malunga neeyure ezingama-48, kwaye yenziwa ngokuqokelelwa kwegazi elipheleleyo kulowo unikela ngalo ngokukhawuleza elihamba nenkqubo yokufumana isenti, ukuze kubekho Ukwahlulwa kwezakhiwo zegazi. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakwa kwecentrifugation, iiplatelets zahlulwe ngengxowa ekhethekileyo yokuqokelela, ngelixa ezinye izinto zegazi zibuyela kwigazi lomnikeli.

Inkqubo ihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-90 kwaye isisombululo se-anticoagulant sisetyenziswa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthintela amahlwili kunye nokugcina iiseli zegazi. Umnikelo weplatelet uvunyelwe kuphela kwabasetyhini abangazange bakhulelwe nakubantu abangakhange basebenzise i-aspirin, i-acetylsalicylic acid okanye iziyobisi ezichasayo ezingezizo ezomzimba kwiintsuku ezi-3 ngaphambi komnikelo.