Ukusilela kwe-G6PD

Umxholo

• Zithini iimpawu zokusilela kwe-G6PD?
• Yintoni ebangela ukusilela kwe-G6PD?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokunqongophala kwe-G6PD?
• Kufunyaniswa njani ukusilela kwe-G6PD?
• Iphathwa njani intswelo ye-G6PD?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yomntu onesiphene se-G6PD?

Yintoni ukusilela kwe-G6PD?

Ukusilela kwe-G6PD yinto engaqhelekanga yemfuza ekhokelela kwinani elaneleyo le-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) egazini. Le enzayim ibaluleke kakhulu (okanye iproteni) elawula iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji emzimbeni.

I-G6PD ikwanoxanduva lokugcina iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zisempilweni ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye ziphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka ngaphambi kwexesha. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuyaziwa njenge hemolysis, kwaye ekugqibeleni inokukhokelela kwi i-hemolytic anemia.

I-hemolytic anemia ikhula xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba umzimba ungazitshintsha, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuhamba kweoksijini kumalungu nakwizicubu. Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa, ukutyheli kolusu namehlo, kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.

Kubantu abanesiphene se-G6PD, i-hemolytic anemia inokwenzeka emva kokutya iimbotyi ze-fava okanye iimbotyi ezithile. Inokubangelwa sisifo okanye iziyobisi ezithile, ezinje:

• i-antimalarials, uhlobo lonyango olusetyenziselwa ukukhusela nokunyanga isifo seengcongconi
• i-sulfonamides, iyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo
• i-aspirin, ichiza elisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, iintlungu kunye nokudumba
• ezinye zeyeza ezingezizo ezokulwa nokudumba (ii-NSAID)

Ukusilela kwe-G6PD kuxhaphake kakhulu e-Afrika, apho inokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-20 zabemi. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni kunabafazi.

Uninzi lwabantu abanesiphene se-G6PD bahlala bengafumani zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokuphuhlisa iimpawu xa bevezwa kunyango, ukutya, okanye usulelo olubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Nje ukuba kunyangwe okanye kusonjululwe oyena nobangela, iimpawu zokusilela kwe-G6PD zihlala zinyamalala kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.

Zithini iimpawu zokusilela kwe-G6PD?

Iimpawu zokusilela kwe-G6PD kunokubandakanya:

• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Umchamo omnyama okanye otyheli-orenji
• ifiva
• ukudinwa
• isiyezi
• ubumhlophe
• i-jaundice, okanye utyheli kolusu kunye nabamhlophe bamehlo

Yintoni ebangela ukusilela kwe-G6PD?

Ukusilela kwe-G6PD yimeko yemfuza edluliswa ukusuka komnye okanye kubazali bobabini ukuya emntwaneni wabo. Imfuza enesiphene ebangela oku kusilela ikwi-X chromosome, yenye yeekromosomes zesini ezibini. Amadoda ane-X enye kuphela ye-chromosome, ngelixa abafazi benama-X chromosomes amabini. Kwindoda, ikopi enye eguqulweyo yemfuza yanele ukubangela ukusilela kwe-G6PD.

Kwabasetyhini, nangona kunjalo, utshintsho kufuneka lubekho kuzo zombini iikopi zemfuza. Kuba mancinci amathuba okuba abantu ababhinqileyo babe neekopi ezimbini eziguqulweyo zolu hlobo, abesilisa bayachaphazeleka kukusilela kwe-G6PD rhoqo ngakumbi kunabafazi.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yokunqongophala kwe-G6PD?

Unokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba nokusilela kwe-G6PD ukuba:

• yindoda
• ngabantu baseAfrika-baseMelika
• banemvelaphi yoMbindi Mpuma
• Unembali yosapho ngale meko

Ukuba nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zobungozi akuthethi ukuba uya kuba nokusilela kwe-G6PD. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unomdla malunga nomngcipheko wale meko.

Kufunyaniswa njani ukusilela kwe-G6PD?

Ugqirha wakho unokuchonga ukusilela kwe-G6PD ngokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi olulula ukujonga amanqanaba e-enzyme ye-G6PD.

Olunye uvavanyo lovavanyo olunokuthi lwenziwe lubandakanya ukubala okupheleleyo kwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-serum hemoglobin, kunye nokubala kwe-reticulocyte. Zonke ezi mvavanyo zinika ulwazi malunga neeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni. Banokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane i-hemolytic anemia.

Ngexesha lokuqeshwa kwakho, kubalulekile ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga nendlela otya ngayo kunye nawaphi na amayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku. Ezi nkcukacha zinokunceda ugqirha wakho ngokufumanisa isifo.

Iphathwa njani intswelo ye-G6PD?

Unyango lokusilela kwe-G6PD kubandakanya ukususa i-trigger ebangela iimpawu.

Ukuba imeko ibangelwe lusulelo, ke usulelo olusisiseko luyanyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Nawaphi na amayeza akhoyo ngoku anokutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ayekwa. Kwezi meko, uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokwalo.

Nje ukuba ukusilela kwe-G6PD kuqhubele phambili ukuya kwi-hemolytic anemia, nangona kunjalo, unyango olunoburhalarhume lunokufuneka. Ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanya unyango lweoksijini kunye notofelo-gazi lokugcwalisa ioksijini kunye namanqanaba eseli ebomvu.

Uya kudinga ukuhlala esibhedlele ngelixa ufumana olu nyango, njengoko ukubekwa esweni ngokusondeleyo kwe-hemolytic anemia kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukubuyiswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Yintoni imbonakalo yomntu onesiphene se-G6PD?

Abantu abaninzi abanesiphene se-G6PD abaze babe nazimpawu. Abo bachacha ngokupheleleyo kwiimpawu zabo nje ukuba unyango lufunyenwe kwisizathu esisisiseko sale meko. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde indlela onokuyilawula ngayo imeko kwaye uthintele iimpawu ekuphuhlisweni.

Ukulawula ukusilela kwe-G6PD kubandakanya ukunqanda ukutya kunye namayeza anokubangela imeko. Ukunciphisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo nako kunokunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu. Buza ugqirha wakho uluhlu olushicilelweyo lwamayeza kunye nokutya ekufuneka ukuphephe.