Umkhuhlane A: yintoni, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Wazi njani ukuba ngumkhuhlane A?
• Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-H1N1 kunye ne-H3N2?
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ulufumana nini ugonyo lomkhuhlane
• Ungakuphepha njani ukufumana umkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane A yenye yezona ntlobo ziphambili zomkhuhlane ovela minyaka le, ubukhulu becala ebusika. Lo mkhuhlane unokubangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini zentsholongwane Umkhuhlane A, H1N1 kunye ne-H3N2, kodwa zombini zivelisa iimpawu ezifanayo kwaye ziphathwa ngokulinganayo.

I-Influenza A ithande ukuvela ngendlela enoburharha ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ugqirha xa ukrokrela ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane u-A, kuba kungenjalo kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu, ezinje ngesifo soxinzelelo. , inyumoniya, ukusilela ekuphefumlweni okanye nokufa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu eziphambili zomkhuhlane A zezi:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38 ºC kwaye ubonakala ngesiquphe;
• Intlungu yomzimba;
• Umqala obuhkungu;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Khohlela;
• Ukuthimla;
• Ukugodola;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Ukudinwa okanye ukudinwa.

Ukongeza kwezi zimpawu kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, urhudo kunye nokugabha kunokuvela, ngakumbi kubantwana, abagqibela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Wazi njani ukuba ngumkhuhlane A?

Nangona iimpawu zomkhuhlane A zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, zihlala ziba ndlongondlongo kwaye zinamandla, zihlala zifuna ukuba ulale ebhedini kwaye uphumle iintsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ukubonakala kwazo akukho silumkiso, kubonakala phantse ngesiquphe. .

Ukongeza, umkhuhlane A uyosulela kakhulu, usenza ukuba kube lula ukudlulisela kwabanye abantu oye wanxibelelana nabo. Ukuba kukho urhano kulo mkhuhlane, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe imaski kwaye uye kugqirha, ukuze kuvavanywe ubungqina bentsholongwane.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-H1N1 kunye ne-H3N2?

Umahluko ophambili phakathi komkhuhlane obangelwe yi-H1N1 okanye i-H3N2 yintsholongwane ngokwayo ebangela usulelo, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu, unyango kunye nohlobo losulelo ziyafana. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zentsholongwane zikhona kumgonyo wokugonya umkhuhlane, kunye noMkhuhlane B, kwaye ke, nabani na ogonyela umkhuhlane minyaka le ukhuselekile kwezi ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane ye-H3N2 ihlala ididekile ne-H2N3, olunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane olungachaphazeli abantu, olusasazeka phakathi kwezilwanyana kuphela. Ngapha koko, akukho lugonyo okanye unyango lwentsholongwane ye-H2N3, kodwa kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane ayichaphazeli abantu.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-influenza A lwenziwa ngamachiza antiviral afana ne-Oseltamivir okanye iZanamivir kwaye ngokubanzi unyango lusebenza ngcono ukuba luqale kwiiyure ezingama-48 zokuqala emva kokuvela kweempawu zokuqala. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucebisa amayeza ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinje ngeParacetamol okanye iTylenol, Ibuprofen, Benegripe, Apracur okanye iBisolvon, umzekelo, ekhupha iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, umqala obuhlungu, ukukhohlela okanye iintlungu zemisipha.

Ukuxhasa unyango, ukongeza kumayeza kukwakhuthazwa ukuba uphumle kwaye ugcine i-hydration ngokusela amanzi amaninzi, akukhuthazwa ukuya emsebenzini, ukuya esikolweni okanye ukuya kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ngelixa unomkhuhlane. Unyango lunokuncediswa ngamayeza endalo, afana nesiraphu yejinja, umzekelo, eneempawu zokuthomalalisa iintlungu, zokulwa nokudumba kunye neprotorant, ezilungele umkhuhlane. Nantsi indlela yokulungisa isiraphu yejinja.

Ukongeza, ukuthintela umkhuhlane A kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho, iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane liyafumaneka, elinceda ukukhusela umzimba kwiintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane.

Kwimeko apho umntu engakhange aphucule kunyango kwaye agqibe ngokuvela neengxaki, ezinje ngokuphefumla kakhulu okanye inyumoniya, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba uhlale esibhedlele nakwindawo yokuphefumla yedwa, uthathe amayeza emthanjeni kwaye wenze i-nebulizations kunye amayeza, kwaye unokufuna i-orotracheal intubation yokuphelisa uxinzelelo lokuphefumla nokunyanga umkhuhlane.

Ulufumana nini ugonyo lomkhuhlane

Ukuthintela ukubamba umkhuhlane A, isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane siyafumaneka esikhusela umzimba kwiintsholongwane zomkhuhlane eziqhelekileyo, ezinje nge-H1N1, H3N2 kunye Umkhuhlane B. Eli chiza liboniswe ngokukodwa kumaqela athile omngcipheko ekunokwenzeka ukuba afumane umkhuhlane, awile:

• Abantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-65;
• Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengabantu abane-AIDS okanye i-myasthenia gravis;
• Abantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo, ezinje ngesifo seswekile, isibindi, intliziyo okanye izigulana zesifuba, umzekelo;
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala;
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo, njengoko bengenako ukuthatha amayeza.

Ngokufanelekileyo, iyeza lokugonya kufuneka lenziwe minyaka le ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olusebenzayo, njengoko unyaka nonyaka kuvela utshintsho olutsha lweentsholongwane zomkhuhlane.

Ungakuphepha njani ukufumana umkhuhlane

Ukuthintela ukubamba umkhuhlane A, kukho amanyathelo athile anokunceda ukunqanda ukosuleleka, kuyacetyiswa ukunqanda ukuhlala ezindlwini okanye nabantu abaninzi, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, uhlala uvale impumlo nomlomo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla kwaye uphephe ukunxibelelana nabantu Iimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Olona hlobo lusasazekayo lomkhuhlane A kukuhamba ngendlela yokuphefumla, apho kufuneka kuphela ukuphefumla amathontsi aneH1N1 okanye iH3N2 intsholongwane, ukubeka umngcipheko wokufumana lo mkhuhlane.