Yintoni iHemostasis kunye nendlela eyenzeka ngayo

Umxholo

• I-hemostasis yenzeka njani
• 1. I-hemostasis ephambili
• 2. I-hemostasis yesibini
• 3. Fibrinolysis
• Uluchaza njani utshintsho kwiheestasis

IHemostasis ihambelana nothotho lweenkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi ejolise ekugcineni ulwelo lwegazi, ngaphandle kokwenza amahlwili okanye ukopha.

Ngokwe-didactically, i-heestasis yenzeka ngokwamanqanaba amathathu okwenzeka ngokukhawuleza nangokulungelelanisiweyo kwaye ikakhulu kubandakanya iiplatelets kunye neeproteni ezijongene nokuqina kunye ne-fibrinolysis.

I-hemostasis yenzeka njani

I-Hemostasis yenzeka ngokungacacanga kumanqanaba amathathu axhomekeke kwaye avela ngaxeshanye.

1. I-hemostasis ephambili

I-Hemostasis iqala msinyane nje ukuba isitya segazi sonakaliswe. Ukuphendula ukwenzakala, i-vasoconstriction yenqanawa eyenzakeleyo yenzekile ukuze inciphise ukuhamba kwegazi lendawo kwaye ke kuthintelwe ukopha okanye i-thrombosis.

Kwangelo xesha, iiplatelets ziyenziwa zize zihambelane nesitya se-endothelium ngokusebenzisa i-von Willebrand factor. Ke iiplatelets zitshintsha imilo yazo ukuze zikwazi ukukhupha umxholo wazo kwiplasma, enomsebenzi wokufumana iiplatelets ezingakumbi kwindawo yesilonda, kwaye ziqale ukubambelela enye kwenye, zenze iplagi yeplatelet ephambili, enethutyana isiphumo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neeplatelets kunye nemisebenzi yazo.

2. I-hemostasis yesibini

Ngexesha elifanayo njengoko i-hemostasis ephambili isenzeka, i-coagulation Cascade iyenziwa, ibangela ukuba iiprotein ezinoxanduva lokuqina zisebenze. Ngenxa ye-coagulation cascade, iifom ze-fibrin, ezinomsebenzi wokuqinisa iplagi yeplatelet ephambili, ukuyenza izinzile ngakumbi.

Izinto ezixineneyo ziiproteni ezijikeleza egazini ngendlela engasebenziyo, kodwa zenziwe zasebenza ngokweemfuno zomzimba kwaye zineyona njongo yazo iphambili ukuguqulwa kwe-fibrinogen ibe yi-fibrin, ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuma kwegazi.

3. Fibrinolysis

I-Fibrinolysis yinqanaba lesithathu le-hemostasis kwaye liqukethe inkqubo yokutshabalalisa ngokuthe ngcembe iplagi ye-hemostatic ukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo iphakathi kwe-plasmin, eyiprotein evela kwi-plasminogen nomsebenzi wayo kukuthomalalisa i-fibrin.

Uluchaza njani utshintsho kwiheestasis

Utshintsho kwi-heestasis lunokufunyanwa kuvavanyo oluthile lwegazi, olunje:

• Ixesha lokopha (TS): Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukujonga ixesha lokuvela kwe-hemostasis kwaye inokwenziwa ngomngxunya omncinci endlebeni, umzekelo. Ngesiphumo sexesha lokuphuma kwegazi, kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya i-heestasis ephambili, oko kukuthi, ukuba iiplatelets zinomsebenzi owaneleyo. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, obu buchule bunokubangela ukungonwabi, ngakumbi ebantwaneni, kuba kunyanzelekile ukuba wenze umngxunya omncinci endlebeni kwaye unonxibelelwano olusezantsi notyekelo lokopha komntu;
• Uvavanyo lokuhlanganiswa kweplatelet: Ngolu viwo, kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani beplatelet yokuhlanganisa, kwaye iluncedo njengendlela yokuvavanya i-hemostasis ephambili. Iiplatelet zomntu zichanekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela ukujiya kwaye isiphumo sinokujongwa kwisixhobo esilinganisa iqondo leplatelet aggregation;
• Ixesha leprothrombin (TP): Olu vavanyo luvavanya amandla egazi okujija ngokukhuthaza enye yeendlela ezikwi-coagulation cascade, indlela ehamba phambili. Yiyo loo nto ijonga ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani igazi ukuvelisa iplagi yesibini ye-hemostatic. Qonda ukuba yintoni uvavanyo lwexesha leProthrombin kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo;
• Isebenze ixesha elithile leTromboplastin Time (APTT): Olu vavanyo luvavanya kwakhona i-hemostasis yesibini, nangona kunjalo ijonga ukusebenza kwezinto ezixineneyo ezikhoyo kwindlela yangaphakathi ye-coagulation cascade;
• Umyinge we-Fibrinogen: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba kukho inani elaneleyo le-fibrinogen enokusetyenziselwa ukwenza i-fibrin.

Ukongeza kolu vavanyo, ugqirha unokucebisa abanye, njengokulinganisa izinto ezijiyileyo, umzekelo, ukuze kube nakho ukwazi ukuba kukho ukusilela kuyo nayiphi na into ekunqandayo enokuphazamisa inkqubo yeheestasis.